柴达木盆地东北部地区表土花粉研究

通过柴达木盆地东北部地区不同植被类型的32个表土样品花粉分析与植被调查,对本区现代表土花粉组合及其与植被类型之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明,柴达木盆地东北部地区不同的植被类型具有相对独特的花粉组合特征.高寒荒漠花粉组合为禾本科+菊科+藜科型,高山草甸花粉组合为莎草科+禾本科+紫菀+菊科型,草原花粉组合为菊科+蒿属+禾本科+藜科型,荒漠草原花粉组合为蒿属+藜科+禾本科+菊科型,荒漠花粉组合为藜科+白刺+蒿属型,隐域草甸花粉组合为禾本科+藜科+莎草科+蒿属型;柴达木盆地东北部地区花粉与植物之间的关系复杂,同一花粉在不同植被类型中的代表性存在差异.蒿、藜花粉基本呈超代表性,但是在藜科植物占优势的荒漠中,藜科花粉呈等代表性.禾本科花粉在高寒荒漠呈超代表性,在高山草甸、草原、荒漠草原、荒漠及隐域草甸均呈低代表性.菊科花粉在高寒荒漠呈超代表性,在高山草甸呈等代表性,在草原、荒漠草原及荒漠呈低代表性.莎草科花粉在高山草甸呈等代表性,在高寒荒漠、草原及隐域草甸呈低代表性.白刺花粉呈等代表性.蔷薇科、豆科花粉呈低代表性;主成分分析结果显示,湿度条件的变化可能是影响柴达木盆地东北部地区各个植被类型花粉组合特征的主要因素.高山草甸、草原、荒漠的样品在前两个主因子组成的坐标系中差异明显,能较好地区分开.但高寒荒漠、荒漠草原和草原的样品因花粉组合较相似而难以区分;蒿/藜可以作为反映干湿状况的良好指标,但蒿藜花粉之和应≥20%.本研究中,蒿藜花粉之和在高山草甸中平均含量20%,蒿/藜偏低,不能反映高山草甸的湿润状况.高寒荒漠、草原、荒漠草原、荒漠中蒿藜花粉之和平均含量20%,蒿/藜从草原-荒漠草原-荒漠逐渐降低,反映出环境逐渐干燥的趋势.蒿/莎草可以将高山草甸及其他植被类型区分开.     

内江城区现代孢粉组合及其与植被关系

通过内江城区5个样点表土花粉组合特征及其与植物群落关系的分析,结果表明:(1)花粉组合中木本植物花粉占59. 6%,木本植物与草本植物花粉比值(AP/NAP)约为1. 5;以松属、桤木属和蒿属为主。(2)城郊荒地花粉组合与母体植被能较好地对应,老城公园花粉组合基本能反映母体植被中优势种,城中小丘花粉组合难以反映植物群落的数量特征;随着人类活动干扰程度增强,花粉组合与母体植被的对应关系减弱。(3)主要花粉类型中松属、桤木属和蒿属花粉具超代表性;棕榈科、栾树属、禾本科和榕属花粉具低代表性。可为四川盆地及相似地区环境考古和花粉过敏症研究提供基础数据和参考资料。     

宜昌大老岭表土孢粉组合与植被及环境因子的关系分析

通过对宜昌大老岭自然保护区不同海拔的16个表土样品孢粉分析,结合植被调查研究该地现代表土孢粉组合与植被的关系.结果表明,大老岭常绿与落叶阔叶混交林、针阔叶混交林孢粉组合中,针叶乔木的松属呈超代表性,铁杉呈适中的代表性;落叶阔叶乔木以栎属为优势成分,具高代表性,蔷薇科、桦木属、鹅耳枥属、胡桃属、水青冈属具有适中的代表性;青冈属代表性适中,杜鹃花科、忍冬科呈现低代表性,草本禾本科、菊科蒿属在山区的代表性差异明显;蕨类普遍具有超代表性,孢粉组合基本反映了现生亚热带北缘山区针阔叶混交林的主要植被特征.受花粉自身特点、小生境与人类活动的影响,花粉组合与植被类型存在一定的偏差.主成分分析(PCA)结果表明,影响大老岭孢粉科属变化的主要环境因子是温度.表土花粉E/D值(常绿阔叶乔木/落叶阔叶乔木)随着海拔的升高而降低,反映了山地植被中常绿阔叶乔木减少、落叶阔叶乔木增多的变化趋势.     

河南洛阳寺河南剖面中全新世以来的孢粉分析及环境变化

对河南洛阳寺河南剖面进行的高分辨率的孢粉分析表明,该地区中全新世以来的孢粉组合以草本植物占绝对优势。其中以蒿属（Artemisia）最为丰富,其次为禾本科（Gramineae）和藜科（Chinopodiaceae）。乔木花粉含量较少,以松属（Pinus）为主。根据孢粉组合的变化,将剖面划分为5个孢粉组合带。早期（7.235～7.380 aBP）气候较为寒冷干燥,缺少乔木花粉。随着全新世大暖期的到来,在Ⅱ孢粉带上乔木花粉大量出现,种类丰富。尤其5.625～6.120 aBP期间出现了很多喜暖树种,是中全新世以来气候最好的时期。在4.580～5.625 aBP期间,乔木花粉急剧减少,表明气候发生恶化。随着气候的逐渐好转,乔木花粉在Ⅳ孢粉带（3.090～4.580 aBP）上重新出现,但喜暖树种较少。3.090 aBP以后出现较多的禾本科花粉,可能和该地区人类活动的增强相关。     

合肥地区第四纪孢粉组合及古植被、古气候研究

本文孢粉组合是从合肥地区城建施工单位工程钻孔中获得。根据,木本、草本、和蕨类植物在钻孔剖面中的变化规律,分两个孢粉组合带。 第一组合带,木本植物占17.62％,乔木层中的落叶阔叶层片以栎、榆、桦为主要树种,针叶层片中以松属,油杉属为优势树种,蕨类植物与草本植物计占15—70％,以蕨类中的卷柏,紫萁,水龙骨及草本类的禾本科,菊科,蒿属,十字花科为草木本层中的主要成分,低洼的地沼水域中繁殖大量环纹藻。 第二组合带的第一亚组合,木本植物的属种明显下降,其含量则上升为38—94％乔木层非常单调,松属几乎独占了贫脊的山岗坡地,蕨类植物踪迹稀少,禾本科、毛莨科、蒿属,豆科等草本层散生于河谷岸边及低矮的坡地。 第二亚组合,木本植物占27—56％,乔木层中:针叶层片内以松属,油杉属为建群主要树种,落叶阔叶层片只占3.3—9.0％,栎、柳、胡桃、枫杨、榆、漆树等均有一定含量。蕨类和草本植物占2.5—14 5％,蕨类植物类型较少,水龙骨为植被中的常见物种,草本类以禾本科,毛莨科,蒿属为主,其它属种出现不多,这个阶段草本层仍不大兴旺。 以上两个组合带中末发现冷杉,云杉的踪影,桦属含量极低,植被反映为温湿或温凉的气候,因此两个组合不可能为晚冰期,其地层时代应晚于晚更新世,这样可确认合肥地区为全新世晚期,     

滇东北现代花粉/炭屑组合与植被和火灾关系

在滇东北采集了47个湖泊(水库)沉积物的表层样品,对这些样品作花粉/炭屑分析来探讨表层花粉谱与现代植被的关系及炭屑浓度与现代森林火灾的关系.花粉分析结果表明,木本植物花粉以松为主,其次为桤木属、桦木属、常绿栎和石栎属/栲属,草本植物花粉以禾本科、蓼科和十字花科为主,较好反映了湖泊等水体所在地的现代地带性植被和地方性植被.在研究区,木本花粉含量在大部分表层花粉谱中少于草本花粉含量,这与当地植被中森林盖度小有关;花粉谱中草本植物主要成分的不同,反映了采样水体周围种植的农作物的不同.整个研究区受人类活动影响较大,主成分分析表明影响研究区现代花粉组合的第一因子是人类活动强度,第二因子是温度.研究区内不同水体的炭屑浓度存在很大的差异,除了反映水体周围森林火灾的多寡和强度外,也与当地的彝族、白族、纳西族、基诺族及拉祜族等少数民族的"火把节"有一定的关系.     

深圳市秋季气传致敏花粉的调查

应用Burkard采样器对深圳市气传花粉浓度进行监测,并对花粉浓度进行统计分析.探讨深圳市秋季气传花粉的种类、数量及季节消长规律,为本地区防治花粉症提供有效资料.本次调查共曝片244张,1.5 m和30 m 2个高度采集点各122张.曝片共识别花粉39种,12 850粒,其中1.5 m高度7881粒,占总数的61.3%;30 m高度4 969粒,占总数的38.7%,曝片所见以草本花粉为主,禾本科、菊科花粉最多.调查结果可以为本地区花粉症防治及绿化品种的选择提供可靠依据.     

同江地区中全新世以来的植被与环境研究

根据对黑龙江省同江县 96 QP剖面孢粉分析和14 C测年 ,从下至上可划分为 4个孢粉组合带 :Ⅰ带是以蒙古栎—桦属—蒿属—苔草属—禾本科—水龙骨科为主组合带 ;Ⅱ带是以蒿属—莎草科—禾本科—桦属—栎属为主组合带 ;Ⅲ带是以桦属—蒙古栎—松属—蒿属—莎草科—禾本科为主组合带 ;Ⅳ带是以松属—桦属—蒙古栎—蒿属—苔草属为主组合带 .这 4个孢粉组合带清楚地反映了古植被、古气候演替的 4个阶段 ,依次为 :①温性落叶阔叶林 ,②针、阔叶混交林—草原 ,③以落叶阔叶树稍多的针、阔叶混交林—草原 ,④以松占优势的针、阔叶混交林 .其气候变化是温暖湿润—温和略干—温和略湿—温凉湿润的过程     

小五台山北台北坡植被垂直带的表土花粉及其气候意义研究

在对小五台山北台北坡垂直带的植被进行全面考察的基础上,建立了垂直带的表土花粉谱,分析了白扦、华北落叶松和桦等物种的气候指示意义。研究表明：桦属和松属在表土中的花粉百分含量大于群落中植物的盖度,具超代表性;云杉的花粉百分含量与植物在群落中的盖度基本符合;落叶松由于花粉产量低,保存能力差,则具有低代表性。就其气候指示意义来说,白扦指示冷湿生境,华北落叶松指示冷干生境。桦属的生态幅度较宽,其中风桦最耐寒,白桦较耐旱。     

杭嘉湖平原全新世沉积的孢粉组合及其意义

本文通过对杭嘉湖平原六个钻孔的全新世沉积的孢粉分析,揭示了本区全新世沉积的六个孢粉组合,它们自下而上分别为:(1)松属、栎属、禾本科孢粉组合;(2)栎属、松属、禾本科孢粉组合;(3)青刚栎属、栲属、栎属、藜科孢粉组合;(4)松属、栎属、禾本科、藜科孢粉组合;(5)栎属、青刚栎属、栲属,禾本科孢粉组合(6)栎属、禾本科、水龙骨科孢粉组合.这六个孢粉组合反映了本地区全新世时期存在着六个古植被演变阶段和相应的六次气候波动,为本地区全新世地层划分提供了重要依据.     

Surface pollen assemblages of human-disturbed vegetation and their relationship with vegetation and climate in Northeast China

Pollen assemblages of 53 surface pollen samples from farmlands and wastelands in Northeast China were analyzed. Tree pollen percentages were usually higher than 30%, with Pinus (26.9%), Quercus (0.9%), Betula (0.9%) and Populus (0.7%) as the major types, and herb pollen percentages were usually higher than 50%, with weedy Poaceae (8.7%), Chenopodiaceae (7.1%), Artemisia (1.9%) and Compositae (3.5%) as the major taxa. Thus, the pollen assemblages were consistent with the regional vegetation compositions. However, there were differences in pollen assemblages among regions, especially among different geomorphological units. For example, in the mountains, there were more types of tree pollen and higher total percentages (average 42%) than in other areas, while cereal pollen percentages were lowest (11.2%). In the hills and high plains, herbs made up more than 60% of the pollens, with cereals (average 53.6%) the dominant type. In the low plains, pollen types were similar to those in the hills and high plains, but total pollen concentrations and the proportion of Concentricystes were much higher, while cereal pollen percentages were slightly lower (average 41.6%). Pollen assemblages in different land use types also differed. For example, in farmland, cereal pollen percentages were more than 40% and Chenopodiaceae was usually less than 2.5%, while in wasteland, weedy Poaceae was usually less than 10% and Chenopodiaceae was usually higher than 25%. Total pollen concentrations in farmland (average 3909 grains/g) were much lower than in wasteland (average 15074 grains/g). Redundancy analysis revealed that pollen assemblages were significantly negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (-0.73) and July mean temperature (-0.81) and significantly positively correlated with mean annual precipitation (0.48), indicating that pollen assemblages in the artificial or human-disturbed vegetation reflect regional climate well. Comparison of pollen assemblages in different areas of northern China showed that pollen concentrations reflect the intensities of human impact to some degree. For example, pollen concentrations decrease as human impacts increase in intensity. The cereal pollen proportions in farmland differed by area. In Northeast China, cereal pollen proportions were distinctly higher than in most other areas of northern China, suggesting differences in planting habits and climate.     

Surface pollen assemblages as indicators of human impact in the warm temperate hilly areas of eastern China

Investigation of 78 surface pollen samples from warm temperate hilly areas of eastern China shows that pollen assemblages in areas of different land use are significantly different. Pollen concentrations in wastelands are higher than in plantations; these, in turn, are higher than in farmlands; implying that pollen concentration decreases with increasing human impact. Arboreal pollen dominated by Pinus and Quercus is common in all samples. Herbaceous pollen percentages are higher while shrub pollen, fern spores and fern allies are lower in farmlands than in wastelands. Crop pollen is only detectable in and near farmlands; its percentages and concentrations decrease in wastelands. Cereal and Cruciferae pollen percentages average 16.7% and 6.7% in farmland respectively, but Cereal reduces to less than 3% and Cruciferae to less than 0.5% in nearby wastelands. Principle coordinates analysis and clustering analysis indicate that pollen assemblages from farmlands are distinguishable from those under other vegetation types. Occurrence of Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia, and Compositae pollen and Selaginella sinensis spores are closely related to human activities, and their types and frequencies indicate intensity of human impact. The spatial distribution of crops, Chenopodiaceae, and Artemisia reflects changes in both natural environments and human activities. Percentages of cereal and Cruciferae pollen, for example, increase with decreasing altitude, but decrease with increasing latitude. Understanding pollen assemblages under artificial and human-disturbed vegetation in hilly areas may aid understanding of human impacts on the plains during the early-middle Holocene.     

Pollen assemblage characteristics of lakes in the monsoon fringe area of China

This paper presents the pollen assemblages from 108 surface sediment samples from 4 lakes （the Lake Daihai, Lake Hongjiannao, Lake Hulunnao and Lake Duikounao） in the monsoon fringe area of China. The herb pollen taxa Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae and Compositae are the major components of pollen assemblages of the 4 lakes and Pinus, Betula, Quercus, Ulmus, Populus, Ostryopsis and Elaeagnaceae are frequently presented, which reflect regional and local vegetation well. The mean similarity coefficients for samples from the Lake Daihai, Lake Hongjiannao, Lake Hulunnao and Lake Duikounao are 0.66±0.17, 0.71±0.11,0.73±0.12 and 0.67±0.12 respectively, so pollen assemblages are relatively consistent in each lake, which shows that focusing and mixing effects have occurred before and after pollen deposition. However, pollen assemblages do differ between sampling sites in each lake. The largest difference is seen in the Lake Daihai, followed by the Lake Duikounao, Lake Hulunnao and Lake Hongjiannao （The mean Euclidean distance is 20.09 ± 11.11, 11.22 ± 3.64, 10.67 ± 4.03 and 8.44 ± 4.51 respectively）. These differences are possibly caused by the differences of focusing and mixing effects, pollen source areas, drainage areas and regional vegetation compositions. The Lake Daihai and Lake Hongjiannao have water deeper than 5 m and strong re-suspension, focusing and mixing effects occur in the lakeshore and shallow water areas, where pollen concentrations are lower than in deeper lake areas. In the Lake Hulunnao and Lake Duikounao, with depths less than 5 m, re-suspension and mixing effects are obvious across the whole lake area, so pollen assemblages and pollen concentrations are more consistent among sampling sites in each lake. Comparison between the lake samples and samples from the inflowing river reveals that wind is primary pollen transportation force in the Lake Hongjiannao, where the consistency of pollen assemblage is conspicuous, while there is greater variation in lakes where pollen input is do     

Pollen flux and vertical dispersion in coniferous and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains

The pollen flux in coniferous and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains is presented in one year's experiments. The results indicate that arboreal pollen percentages are more than 65% and pollen flux is higher than 5000 grain·cm-2·a-1,while less than 2% and lower than 1000 grain·cm-2·a-1 for shrubby pollen,and less than 20% and lower than 3000 grain·cm-1·a-1 for herbaceous pollen for most samples at different heights. The pollen assemblages are similar to those in the samples under 8 m height where Pinus and Ouercus are dominant and followed by the few non-local pollen types,and Fraxinus percentages are high with a few non-local pollen types at 16 m to 32 m height as well as non-local pollen clearly increased at 40 m height. Comparisons between pollen assemblages and vegetation composition suggest that similarities are higher for pollen trap samples than for surface moss samples.     

Pollen indication to source plants in the eastern desert of China

Pollen analysis is one of the important resources for the reconstruction of palaeoclimate and palaeovegetation. The relationship between modern pollen and vegetation is the foundation of pollen analysis. Owing to its complexity and importance, many polynologists and plant-ecologists have been studying on it[1―17]. In 1963, M. B. Davis gave the definition of R-values[2] that have carried forward the quantitative relationship between pollen and vegetation. However, R-value is changeable for d…     

玉米花粉的冷藏研究Ⅴ．玉米花粉离体培养中几种培养基的比较

选择适宜的培养基是花粉离休培养的重要环节．１０种培养基培养结果表明，以Ｃａ（ＮＯ＿３）＿２０．０３％，ＭｓＳＯ＿４０．０２％，ＫＮＯ＿３０．０１％，硼酸０．０１％，蔗糖１５％，琼脂１％的配方更为适宜，可使玉米花粉的萌发率达８５％以上．     

高效液相色谱法检测蜂花粉中总维生素C

为了得到一种效果较好的测定蜂花粉中总维生素C含量的方法,本文采用高效液相色谱法对油菜蜂花粉进行总VC的定性与定量分析,从结果的稳定性、精密度和重现性三方面对其进行了考量.结果发现,总VC含量在12.70～200.00μg范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,且回收率在95.71%～98.60%,相对标准偏差为1.05%;稳定性实验的相对标准偏差为2.12%,精密度实验的相对标准偏差为1.1%;最终测得油菜蜂花粉样品的总VC平均含量为36.99 mg.(100g)-1,相对标准偏差为1.43%.本研究所建立的HPLC测定蜂花粉中总VC含量的方法简单快速、重现性好,可以较为准确的实现定性与定量分析.     

Surface pollen distribution patterns in Beibu Gulf and corresponding sediment dynamics environment

The Beibu Gulf is a semi-enclosed gulf in the northwest of the South China Sea.We palynologically analyzed 306 surface sediment samples from the eastern Beibu Gulf to improve bioclimatic interpretation of fossil pollen records there.Surface pollen assemblages could be classified into five pollen regions based on the distributions of total,arboreal,herbaceous and fern pollen concentrations.Four high-concentration and three low-concentration subregions could be distinguished within these regions.The distribution patterns of surface pollen assemblages were consistent with those of grain sizes of surface sediments.Sediments from regions with high pollen concentrations were very fine and fine silts (>7.0,<0.008 mm),whereas those with low pollen concentrations were fine sand (<3.5,>0.088 mm).Sedimentary heterogeneity of surface pollen assemblages was closely related to pollen source,transportation and sedimentation controlled by ocean currents,tides and waves,and oceanic bottom topography.Fern spores exhibited higher percentages along the east margins of the region,while arboreal types like Pinus increased in concentration towards the center.Herbaceous pollen appeared in high percentages around seacoasts near their source areas.Dacrydium and mangrove pollen were distributed near their source regions at low percentages.We discuss the sediment dynamic environments in the eastern Beibu Gulf based on surface pollen distributions.The estuary region is an important access to the sea basin and a depositional site for terrestrial pollen grains.Coastal regions can accumulate pollen due to the back-and-forth movements of tides there.Although ocean currents on a gulf scale tend to spread pollen grains,the interaction of multiple currents could lead to pollen accumulation and deposition.Low surface pollen concentrations in the northeast shallow-water regions of the eastern Beibu Gulf could be attributed to repeated washing and sediment floatation caused by severe wave activities during the summer.Strong tides in Qiongzhou Strait frequently wash the seabed and disadvantage pollen deposition,leading to low surface pollen concentrations there.     

一种新型空气花粉采集仪器的实验研究

空气致敏花粉污染是引起变态反应性疾病的重要原因之一,大气花粉的污染问题已经成为一项不可忽略的评价空气环境质量的重要指标.由于我国一直没有适合我国城市大气环境特点的花粉观测仪器,阻碍了我国大气花粉的监测预报研究工作与国际同行的接轨和进一步的推广.因此介绍一种新型空气花粉的采集仪器,它集合了发达国家花粉标准采样装置的优点又适合我国城市大气环境特点,并给出了仪器相关性能在外场观测实验应用中的验证实验结果,表明该仪器可以为我国大气环境中花粉监测和预报研究工作提供可靠的观测结果.