小金县阿龚坪滑坡成因机制及稳定性分析

阿龚坪滑坡是滑坡堆积体在土体内部滑动的小型牵引式土质滑坡。前缘修筑公路开挖坡脚形成临空面,在强降雨的诱发作用下,滑坡前缘首先发生表层滑塌,前缘推移,致使后缘产生拉张下错变形,严重威胁坡脚居民的生命财产安全。根据已有变形破坏特征,对该滑坡的成因机制及稳定性进行了分析,并据此提出"滑坡底部及中部公路内侧抗滑桩+滑塌区坡面格构护坡"的治理措施。     

南部县杨家沟滑坡成因机制及稳定性分析

杨家沟滑坡是崩滑堆积体沿基覆界面滑动的小型土质滑坡,其运动形式为牵引式滑坡。在强降雨的诱发作用下,滑坡前部首先产生强烈变形并滑动,致使滑坡后部因失去支撑而开始缓慢变形,严重威胁坡脚居民和潆盘公路过往行人车辆的生命财产安全。根据该滑坡的变形破坏特征,对其成因机制及稳定性进行分析,在此基础上提出"桩板墙+地表截排水+裂缝夯填"的综合治理措施。     

花岗岩残积层滑坡形成机理降雨模拟研究

花岗岩残积土是一种特殊土,在强降雨条件下极易诱发地质灾害。以广东省龙川县贝岭地区群发性滑坡为背景,采用物理模拟手段探究了典型滑坡的形成机理,获得如下结论：①滑坡发生的影响因素为降雨强度、岩土体物理力学性质、斜坡结构;②降雨并未引起坡体内部土压力及孔隙水压力数值出现异常增减,说明坡体破坏仅限与坡表及坡脚局部的破坏,未有整体变形破坏趋势;③斜坡变形破坏在坡表表现为降雨造成的坡面侵蚀,坡脚表现为临空面的垮塌及潜蚀现象,总体上表现出“逐级后退、依次破坏”破坏特征;④滑坡的演化过程可划分为以下4个阶段：原始斜坡演化阶段、土壤颗粒运移阶段、坡表局部破坏阶段、整体失稳阶段。     

降雨作用下的土质边坡变形破坏颗粒流仿真模拟

为研究持续降雨作用下土质边坡的变形破坏模式及机理,以四川省古蔺县竹林沟滑坡为例,结合离散元PFC~(2D)虚拟双轴压缩试验对坡体微观力学参数进行标定,随后建立1∶1数值计算模型进行稳定性计算,并记录坡体运动过程中应力及位移变化的情况。研究结果表明:该滑坡在持续降雨作用下至坡内土体饱和的过程中,坡脚应力不断积累,导致坡脚发生破坏,之后向上逐级牵引,致使坡前基岩较陡区域土体优先发生滑动。中-后缘土体因前部失稳产生临空条件,随即出现二级滑动,整体表现为典型的蠕滑-拉裂破坏模式。坡体前缘破坏后应力得到部分释放,但位移不断增长;坡内应力和位移整体上从前缘到后缘均呈递减趋势。应用颗粒流PFC~(2D)以竹林沟滑坡为例对土质滑坡在持续降雨作用下的变形发展过程进行模拟研究,揭示了滑坡的发展及破坏模式,为该类滑坡的防治提供参考。     

基于PFC2D的柿子树坪滑坡变形特征模拟研究

柿子树坪滑坡近年来受雨季持续性降雨以及当地基础建设的影响,发生了多次小规模滑塌,目前滑坡威胁范围包括：村民33户156人,通村公路约320m。通过现场调查以及勘探结果,分析导致该滑坡发生变形的因素。根据不同工况下的滑坡稳定性的计算结果,借助PFC^2D软件对该滑坡的破坏过程以及变形特征进行模拟分析。结果表明,该滑坡在土体饱和状态下,首先发生蠕滑变形,并因自重作用的影响使得变形量的逐渐增加,坡脚处应力持续积累,最先出现剪出破坏,并不断向后发展,导致整体滑动,表现出典型的牵引式破坏。并在运动过程中呈现出前缘沿接触面发生滑移、坡顶出现张拉裂缝、中部锁固段剪断的阶段性变形特征。此研究结果与现场勘察结果相吻合,可为该滑坡的防治提供参考。     

水平软弱夹层黄土滑坡形成机制及启动角度

人工坡脚开挖引发不少滑坡地质灾害，当含有水平软弱夹层时将会进一步加快坡体失稳。为了研究具有此类地层结构黄土边坡在坡脚开挖后变形破坏形成机制和失稳破坏启动角度，以山西省吕梁市临县“5?3”大型黄土滑坡为研究对象，采用现场调查、理论分析和数值模拟等手段展开研究。研究结果表明，实际滑坡主要由坡脚工程开挖导致关键阻滑块体缺失所引发，坡体沿近乎水平软弱卵石夹层滑动破坏；具有水平软弱夹层地层条件的黄土滑坡形成机制主要表现为：（1）水平软弱夹层应力集中，（2）牵引沉陷后缘拉裂，（3）裂缝滑面贯通失稳破坏。该类地层结构黄土边坡坡脚开挖失稳破坏启动角度介于35°~40°，数值模拟结果与实际滑坡案例结果一致。研究结论为类似地层结构黄土边坡的防治提供基础理论。     

基于颗粒流方法的滑坡破坏机理与强度分析

滑坡变形破坏机理与强度研究是滑坡风险评估的一项关键内容。针对颗粒流方法在滑坡变形破坏力学机理分析及滑坡强度定量化研究中存在的问题,以府谷县新府山滑坡为研究对象,采用野外调查、勘察、室内实验等方法,对新府山滑坡的工程地质特征进行了分析,在此基础上基于PFC2D数值方法构建了滑坡颗粒流数值模型,模拟了滑坡从变形失稳到运动终止的动态过程,从变形特征和力学特征2方面分别论述了滑坡的变形破坏机理,并选择速度、动能、冲击力指标对滑坡冲击破坏强度的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,新府山滑坡的变形破坏机理表现为坡脚挤压—坡中牵引—坡顶拉张的力学过程;滑坡运动特征表现为破坏的突发性与堆积的缓慢性;以速度、动能指标为表征的滑坡强度在其破坏的初始阶段最高,然后逐渐变小;以冲击力指标为表征的滑坡强度随坡脚距的增加而呈指数衰减特征。研究结果与滑坡变形破坏实际特征基本吻合,研究结论可为新府山滑坡防治提供参考,研究方法可为单体滑坡冲击破坏强度定量及对承灾体易损性定量评价研究提供借鉴。     

重庆黔江汽车东站滑坡稳定性影响因子敏感性分析及防治措施

重庆黔江汽车东站滑坡是前缘人工开完及后期降雨综合作用下发生滑移变形的典型.通过滑坡特征、形成机制及影响因素敏感性系数分析:坡脚开挖为滑坡滑动提供了临空条件;降雨等地下水渗透是滑坡变形破坏的激发因素;影响因素(ψ)的敏感性系数明显大于C的敏感性系数.在此基础上对滑坡采取抗滑桩支护及地表截、排水措施综合治理措施.     

甘肃陇南泻流坡滑坡-碎屑流变形特征与成因机制

泻流坡滑坡位于武都区白龙江右岸滑坡聚集区,属典型滑坡-碎屑流灾害,2020年8—10月高位滑源区发生持续变形破坏,严重威胁坡脚居民生命财产安全。通过详细的地质调查,综合运用位移监测、无人机航拍等手段,详细阐述了滑坡发育特征及变形破坏过程,并对其成因机制进行了分析。滑源区特殊的地形地貌、"碎石土+千枚岩"的二元结构、逆冲断裂的影响是滑坡形成的控制因素,多次地震为滑坡变形提供了结构基础,降雨入渗造成滑带软化、滑体自重增大等导致滑坡变形破坏。变形区主要为滑源区左侧中下部和右侧次级滑坡,经历两次加速变形过程,位移监测曲线呈阶跃型,属蠕滑-拉裂型推移式滑坡。滑坡处于蠕滑状态,亟须开展综合工程治理。     

基于颗粒流方法的滑坡机理数值分析

基于太平岭核电厂烟墩岭边坡,在分析现场局部滑坡基础上,采用刚体极限平衡法和反分析法确定降雨工况下的强度折减系数和岩土体强度参数.借助颗粒流数值模拟方法建立烟墩岭边坡细观数值模型,通过强度折减算法估算边坡安全系数,分析了烟墩岭边坡降雨工况下的变形破坏模式.研究结果表明:烟墩岭边坡以表层粉质黏土与强风化层内的圆弧形滑动为主,坡脚临空与降雨是造成现场局部滑坡的主要原因;自然工况下,局部滑面安全系数为1.20,降雨后安全系数降为1.00;滑坡发生时,微裂隙首先出现在坡脚位置,然后沿强风化岩层倾向向上发展,最终,在坡脚位置形成40～50 m的滑坡堆积体,不会对厂房产生直接影响.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.