混凝-超滤处理低温低浊受污染水试验研究

以某市江水为研究对象,考察混凝-超滤组合工艺处理低温低浊受污染水的效果,比较不同混凝预处理形式对超滤膜膜通量的影响以及膜滤出水水质的变化.结果表明,混凝预处理可以减缓膜污染,改善膜通量,可将出水的浊度控制在0.2 ntu以下,提高了组合工艺对有机物的去除效果.当混凝剂投加量为30 mg/L时,混凝-超滤组合工艺对UV254和DOC的总去除率分别达到56.5%和39.0%.混凝后直接膜滤对超滤膜膜通量的影响最小,在60 m in内通量下降了11.5%,对UV254和DOC去除率效果最好,平均去除率为37.5%和32.9%.因此采用在线混凝-UF组合工艺可以更明显地改善低温低浊水的处理效果.     

吸附预处理对缓解超滤膜污染的试验研究

以鄱阳湖原水为研究对象,考察了PAC吸附预处理对超滤膜处理出水的水质、膜通量变化和膜截留性能的影响,并探讨了不同条件下引起膜污染的污染物种类。结果表明,吸附预处理可以提高膜通量,缓解膜污染,处理后的原水中TOC的去除率大约为40%,提高了吸附-超滤组合工艺对有机物的去除效果。当增加吸附预处理,膜通量下降幅度明显减小,相比鄱阳湖原水直接进行超滤处理时的膜通量,能提升20%以上。在最佳吸附预处理条件下,超滤膜主要截留了鄱阳湖原水中的色氨酸、溶解性微生物产物和一部分腐殖酸,说明类蛋白质是引起膜通量下降的主要污染物。因此,采用吸附-超滤组合工艺可以提高超滤膜过水通量,缓解膜污染。     

预处理工艺控制膜污染试验及其机理分析

探讨了3种不同预处理技术对延缓超滤膜污染的作用.试验表明,前臭氧+在线混凝+超滤(工艺1)、前臭氧+超滤(工艺2)、前臭氧+预氯化+超滤(工艺3)3种工艺超滤膜过滤的临界通量分别为86.5,59.8,68.1L·(m2·h)-1.其中工艺1临界通量最大,且其稳定运行的时间最长(约190h),能够在一定程度上控制膜污染,这主要是因为水中的有机污染物质通过"矾花"被吸附到胶体类颗粒物上,通过膜筛分截留,减缓了有机污染物质与膜表面的接触与相互作用.控制、缓解膜污染方面,工艺3效果最好,其原因是在NaClO作用下有机物分子特征改变,一方面降低膜的通量负荷,改变其亲疏水性,另一方面NaClO使得滤饼层的电负性增大,过滤截留物和溶解性有机物较易在水力冲洗中被冲掉,跨膜压差得到很好恢复.通过扫描电镜发现,超滤膜表面附着一层滤饼层,滤饼层较疏松,而膜孔已被污染物堵塞;红外光谱研究发现,超滤膜经过氧化预处理和化学清洗,膜表面的某些基团被氧化,膜表面特性被改变.     

粉末活性炭-混凝-超滤联用工艺处理微污染原水的中试研究

对昆山傀儡湖微污染原水进行了粉末活性炭-混凝-超滤联用工艺的中试研究,研究表明混凝剂PAC投加量在30 mg/L的情况下,对浊度有较好的去除效果,但是对有机物的去除率较低.通过膜前在线再混凝,对CODMn的去除率有所提高,但对UV254没有明显影响;本中试对水中颗粒数也有较大的去除,去除率达到99%以上.     

粉末活性炭-超滤膜组合工艺处理二级出水的膜污染特性

采用粉末活性炭(PAC)-超滤膜(UF)组合工艺对某城市二级出水进行深度处理,研究了不同PAC投加量下组合工艺的膜渗透性能,并对其膜污染性能进行分析。研究结果发现:在最佳膜通量投加量下(PAC为10 mg/L),膜通量和不可逆膜污染阻力达到最低值;组合工艺对不同分子量的去处效果较直接超滤都有所提高,其中小分子量(3k～10 k Da和3kDa)有机物的去除率提高最大;组合工艺以滤饼层和中间堵塞模型为主,而发生完全堵塞模型的概率相对较小。投加PAC能够有效提高去除效果,降低膜污染。     

高锰酸钾预氧化对有机物构型与超滤膜污染的影响

以引黄水库水为水源,基于超滤组合工艺中试装置,考察KMnO4预氧化对有机物转化和超滤膜污染的影响。研究结果表明:原水以相对分子质量大于3×103的有机物为主,亲疏水性有机物比例相当。混凝沉淀主要去除疏水性与相对分子质量大于1×105的有机物,去除率分别为13.50%和47.06%。随投加量的升高,KMnO4对相对分子质量大于1×105的有机物去除率增加,同时产生了较多相对分子质量为3×103～1×105的有机物;水中疏水性有机物随之由降低变为升高。当KMnO4投加量适量时,可以减少膜污染,当投加量过高时,则会增加膜的不可逆污染。超滤膜去除的主要是疏水性有机物,相对分子质量大于1×105和1×104～1×105的有机物分别是造成膜可逆与不可逆污染的主要因素。超滤反洗废液中主要为相对分子质量大的疏水性有机物,化学清洗废液中的Mn含量随KMnO4投加量升高而增大。     

试论超滤膜技术处理屋面雨水

雨水充沛,屋面雨水水质较好,处理后可作为中水回用,进行超滤膜技术处理屋面雨水的试验研究,投加混凝剂絮凝后再进行超滤,试验结果表明,超滤膜对水中浊度及有机物均有较优的处理效果,出水水质符合《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》标准,作为生活杂用水使用,在膜滤前,做一些混凝等的预处理,可以防止膜污染,增大膜通量。     

PAC及颗粒物对超滤膜有机物污染的影响

为了研究粉末活性炭(PAC)及水中颗粒物对浸没式中空纤维超滤膜有机物污染的影响特性,分别采用单独超滤和PAC-超滤工艺处理含不同污染物的原水,分析其膜比通量和跨膜压差的变化。结果发现:与单独超滤清水相比,投加25 mg/L和100 mg/L的PAC后,稳定运行的膜比通量分别下降了0.06和0.14 L/(h.m2.kPa)。与单独超滤天然有机物污染原水相比,投加20、50、100 mg/L的PAC时的跨膜压差增长速率分别下降了0.003 1、0.002 3、0.001 7kPa/min。天然有机物原水中投加高岭土后经单独超滤和PAC-超滤工艺处理,水力反洗后的归一化膜比通量与投加前相比,分别平均提高了5%和2.6%。     

粉末活性炭-超滤一体化工艺处理微污染水效果

采用粉末活性炭(PAC)-超滤(UF)一体化工艺处理微污染水,考察投炭量对浊度、UV254和CODMn去除效果和对膜污染的影响以及有机物去除效果随PAC停留时间的变化。研究结果表明:超滤膜出水浊度保持在0.100 NTU以下,且不受进水浊度以及PAC投加量的影响。在10,20和40 mg/L投加量下,随着PAC投加量增加,有机物去除率逐渐提高,但单位质量PAC有机物去除效果逐渐下降,10 mg/L PAC可以满足试验水质条件下经济性和出水水质的要求。PAC对有机物去除效果随停留时间增加而降低,较高PAC投加量下降幅度较小。PAC-UF工艺可以有效控制膜污染,次氯酸钠与酸、碱形成的复合药剂对跨膜压差恢复效果最佳。     

粉末活性炭吸附对超滤膜处理再生水膜污染状况的影响

利用粉末活性炭-超滤(PAC-UF)组合工艺处理污水厂二级出水中腐殖酸(humic acid,HA)溶液,主要考察在不同的PAC投加量工况下对膜通量的影响、膜污染阻力变化、Hermia经典过滤堵塞模型拟合和膜污染趋势分析情况。结果表明,PAC颗粒本身几乎不会影响膜通量的下降,处理腐殖酸类有机溶液的PAC最佳投加量为20 mg/L;腐殖酸导致的膜污染以不可逆膜污染为主,其与滤饼层污染模型的拟合度最好;将超滤阶段分为初期黏附阶段与后期黏聚阶段,初期阶段导致的膜通量下降更加剧烈,后期阶段形成的滤饼层有效的拦截有机物避免直接接触超滤膜。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.