The electrospinning of nanofibers

Electrospinning is a straight forward method to produce polymer fibers from polymer solutions,with fiber diameters in the range of 500 nm.In this paper the polymer nanofiber was successful made by the electrospinning method.Through the analysis of SEM,we got the conclusions that the PMMA,PAN and PVP nanofiber were successfully got from the electrospinning technology.     

聚合物共混法制备超级电容器用多孔炭材料

以酚醛树脂为前驱体,以聚乙二醇为致孔剂,采用聚合物共混法制备超级电容器用中孔炭电极材料. 采用N2吸附法测试了炭材料的比表面积和孔结构参数. 采用恒流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等评价了其在1mol·L-1Et4NBF4/PC有机电解液中的电化学双电层电容性能. 结果表明,酚醛树脂和聚乙二醇等比例共混炭化制备的多孔炭的比表面积为618m2·g-1,中孔率为59.7%,比电容为32F·g-1,大电流性能和循环性能良好.     

PAN基中空活性炭纤维的制备及性能研究

讨论了用聚丙烯腈（PAN）基中空纤维为原料，采用KOH活化法制备中空活性炭纤维（ACHF）的活化过程。考察不同KOH质量浓度对中空活性炭纤维性能的影响。测量了比表面积和得率，孔径分布，用碘吸附值、亚甲基兰吸附值测定了中空活性炭纤维的吸附性能，用SEM观察了其表面结构。结果显示，KOH活化法得到的中空活性炭纤维具有窄的孔径分布，较大的比表面积和较高的得率。     

纺丝工艺对医用PAN中空纤维超滤膜性能的影响

采用干一湿法纺丝,制得性能良好的聚丙烯腈(PAN)中空纤维膜。分析了纺丝工艺对 PAN中空纤维超滤膜性能的影响。实验证明增加干纺程长度有利于改善 PAN 膜的的超滤性能。研究表明 PAN 中空纤维是一种具有多空基质的不对称膜,存在紧密的皮层,改变纺丝过程中的挤出速率、填充液压力、卷绕速率和拉伸倍数可以调节中空纤维的内外径和壁厚。     

静电纺丝技术制备Tb（BA）3phen/PVP复合纤维与发光性质研究

采用静电纺丝技术合成Tb(BA)3phen/PVP复合纤维.扫描电镜分析表明,纤维表面光滑,无交联,直径集中分布在350 nm.红外光谱分析表明,Tn3+与配体发生键合,在424 cm-1出现了Tb3+ - O2-特征振动峰.紫外-可见吸收光谱分析表明,Tb (BA)3 phen/PVP复合物的吸收带发生蓝移.激发光谱分析表明,Tb(BA)3 phen/PVP复合纤维在214-355 nm之间有较宽的吸收谱带,对应着配体的π→π*跃迁,最佳吸收波长位于275 nm.发射光谱分析表明,最强发射峰位于545 nm处,对应着Tb3+的5 D4→7 F5跃迁.     

PAN/HBP复合超细纤维的制备与表征

采用聚丙烯腈/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/多氨基超支化聚合物三元体系为纺丝液,通过静电纺丝制备了PAN/HBP复合超细纤维,探讨了聚丙烯腈浓度、超支化聚合物含量、纺丝电压、接收距离和推进速度等因素对复合纤维直径和形貌的影响.结果表明,增大PAN浓度和增加HBP含量,都会使纤维直径增大;静电纺丝电压增大,可以减小纤维直径;适当的接收距离和推进速度才可以获得直径细而均匀的纤维.通过对PAN/HBP复合超细纤维的氨基含量测试和FTIR分析,进一步证实了PAN/HBP复合纤维表面和内部氨基的存在.     

ZnS/PVP纳米纤维的制备及性质研究

通过静电纺丝的方法成功制备了ZnS/PVP纳米纤维。通过扫描电子显微镜可知,纤维的直径大约在400 nm,纤维中的无机物为立方ZnS晶体,从荧光光谱图中可以知道,发射峰的位置在415nm。     

纤维分布和混纺比对毛涤混纺纱毛型感的影响

采用裁面分析了不同混纺比的毛涤混纺纱的毛型感，探讨了毛/涤混纺比与汉密尔顿指数、表面纤维混纺百分率及毛纤维有效覆盖率的关系，分析了不同混纺比的毛/涤混纺纱截面五等份圆环中的实际混纺比和填充紧密度。指出表层纤维混纺百分率是反映纱线毛型感的较为直观、方便、准确的指标，同时提出能保持毛涤混纺纱毛型感的较为合理的混纺比。     

Influence of Dispersion of Nano-ZnO Particles in Polymer Matrices on Properties of Relevant Nano Composite Fibers

IntroductionIt is well knownthat nanoparticles have rich propertiesand are useful for functional composites . The nanometricsize ,leading to huge specific surface area up to or morethan1 000m2/g ,andtheir unique properties have attractedintensive interests . Thus many articles have elucidated thepreparation of polymer matrix nanocomposites( PMNC)[1 6]. Polymers are very i mportant matricesbecause of their flexibility and easy processing .Nanoparticles i mpart larger-size congeries because of…     

碳纤维表面特性对反硝化菌固着化的影响

通过对比反硝化菌在不同基体碳纤维表面的固着化及碳纤维表面含氧官能团对菌种的固着化实验,研究了碳纤维(基体、比表面积、循环利用性等)特性,尤其表面含氧官能团对反硝化菌固着化的影响。实验结果表明,反硝化菌在PAN基碳纤维上的平均挂膜厚度明显高于沥青基和粘胶基碳纤维。碳纤维表面适量的含氧官能团有助于较多、较牢固地固着反硝化菌。对三种PAN基碳纤维的XPS谱图分析表明碳纤维表面含氧官能团—O—CO对反硝化菌的固着化影响较大,当碳纤维表面含氧官能团—O—CO中碳原子占表面碳原子总量的3%左右时反硝化菌固着化效果较佳。经过比较表明PAN基碳纤维是一种生物相容性好、固着化程度高、再生能力强、耐微生物分解及化学腐蚀的优异的新型反硝化菌固着化载体。     

The template preparation and characterization of three new shapes of titania nanometer-array systems

Nano-structure systems such as nano-structure de- vices and quantum devices have become a hot spot[1] in the materials science. Recently, the synthesis and the preliminary exploration of the properties of novel nano-structures or nanometer constitutional …     

明胶水溶液静电纺丝成形研究

以水为溶剂制备明胶溶液进行静电纺丝,在60 ℃～65 ℃纺得明胶超细纤维,探讨了溶液质量分数、静电电压及纤网收集距离等因素对明胶/水溶液体系静电纺丝成形的影响。结果表明,在60 ℃及65 ℃时,明胶溶液的黏度随其质量分数的增加而大幅上升,呈2次指数关系;随着明胶溶液质量分数的降低（从25%降到15%）,所得纤维平均直径减少（从266.5 nm降为167.7 nm）;随着静电纺丝电压升高,纤维直径下降,当电压大于17 kV以后其变化趋于平缓;改变静电纺丝收集距离,从11 cm到21cm,电纺所得的纤维直径为165～210 nm,变化幅度不大。     

银超细粉末的制备

探讨了以葡萄糖为还原剂，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为分散剂，在碱性条件下还原硝酸银水溶液制备银超细粉末的反应机理及工艺条件下。结果表明，在碱性葡萄糖溶液中还原硝酸银的反应，是经中间产物氧化银而转变为银的，此过程于瞬间完成。     

炭凝胶的制备及其电化学电容性能

采用新型聚合物混合法,在合成炭前驱体聚合物的单体溶液中混入热不稳定的聚乙二醇,制得了比表面积达710m2/g,平均孔径为2.8nm的新型中孔炭干凝胶PEG-RF炭.X射线衍射、热重分析及N2等温吸脱附测试结果表明,炭前驱体的微相分离结构和热稳定性较差的聚乙二醇的存在导致了炭干凝胶中孔特征孔隙结构的形成.在30％H2SO溶液中,对PEG-RF炭和比表面积迭1720 m2/g的微孔T82型活性炭的电化学电容性能进行了对比研究。研究结果表明:当放电比电流为0.2A/g时,PEG-RF炭和T82型活性炭的比容量分别为36F/g和48F/g;当放电比电流增至1A/g时,PEG-RF炭和T82型的比容量分别为105F/g和94F/g;PEG-RF炭具有比T82型活性发更优异的电化学电容性能,两者孔隙结构的差异导致了炭凝胶电化学电容性能的差异.     

Bimetallic-organic coordination polymers to prepare N-doped hierarchical porous carbon for high performance supercapacitors

Single metal-organic coordination polymers have limited functions as precursors for porous carbon electrode materials.The construction of bimetallic organic coordination polymers can effectively utilize the advantages of each single metal-organic coordination polymer to improve the performance of the derived carbon materials.Herein,High performance nitrogen-doped porous carbon(BC_(Fe–Ni))have been produced by directly carbonizing bimetallic organic coordination polymers formed by 4,4'-bipyridine(BPD)reaction with Fe Cl_3and NiCl_2.The BC_(Fe–Ni) exhibits high nitrogen content(12.66 at%),large specific surface area(1049.51 m~2g~(-1))and hierarchical porous structure,which contributes to an excellent gravimetric specific gravity of 320.5 Fg~(-1)and 108%of specific capacitance retention after 10000 cycles.The BC_(Fe–Ni)assembled symmetrical supercapacitor shows an energy density of 18.3 Wh kg~(-1)at a power density of 350 W kg~(-1).It is expected that the as-prepared N-doped porous carbon derived from bimetallic-organic coordination polymer is a promising electrode material for high performance energy storage devices.     

SrFeO3-δ纳/微米纤维的制备及其磁性

利用静电纺丝法与溶胶 凝胶技术, 制备PVP/Sr(OOCCH₃)₂·0.5H₂OC₁₅H₂₁FeO₆复合纳米纤维, 热处理后得到了SrFeO_3-δ纳/微米纤维, 并采用X射线衍射（XRD）、 扫描电镜（SEM）、 透射电镜（TEM）和超导量子干涉仪磁强计（SQUID）研究纤维样品的晶体结构、 微观形貌及其磁性. 实验结果表明： PVP/Sr(OOCCH₃)₂·0.5H₂OC₁₅H₂₁FeO₆复合纤维表面光滑, 长直连续, 平均直径约为500 nm; 在空气气氛下, 经800 ℃焙烧2 h后得到的SrFeO_3-δ纳/微米纤维均为较纯的立方钙钛矿型结构, 平均晶粒尺寸约为32 nm, 纤维直径为260~480 nm, 平均直径约为400 nm, 具有较大长径比; 当温度为175 ℃时, SrFeO_3-δ纤维样品的磁化率有极大值, 磁性纳米效应的影响及SrFeO_3-δ中螺旋反铁磁有序性、 顺磁性和铁磁性的共同作用使得纤维样品与块体样品的磁学性能不同, 其Neel温度与Curie温度均升高.     

分级多孔纳米炭纤维的结构及电容性能

以酚醛树脂为碳源、PVP为纺丝助剂、纳米MgO颗粒为模板剂,通过静电纺丝法制得酚醛树脂基纳米炭纤维,经过炭化、KOH活化、酸洗后得到分级多孔纳米炭纤维,利用SEM、XRD、XPS、拉曼光谱仪及氮气吸脱附实验,对所制多孔纳米炭纤维的结构和形貌进行表征,并将其作为模拟电容器的电极,利用循环伏安、恒电流充放电及交流阻抗方法测试了材料的电化学性能。结果表明,KOH活化引入了数量可观的微孔,所得纳米炭纤维表现出明显的"微孔-中孔-大孔"分级孔分布的特点,其比表面积达到1058.4m~2/g,总孔容为1.64cm~3/g。电化学测试结果表明,所制分级多孔纳米炭纤维在6mol/L KOH电解液中显示出优异的电容性能,在0.2A/g的电流密度下,其放电比容量达到198F/g,在20A/g电流密度下,电容保持率达到65%。     

石墨纤维表面与孔隙的结构表征及分形性质分析

 
为了研究和分析石墨纤维表面与孔隙的结构和分形性质,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、全自动物理吸附分析仪对其进行测试与表征.研究结果表明：石墨纤维以圆柱状存在,直径约为12～18μm,表面较光滑,缺陷较少,有利于气体吸附;石墨纤维碳的质量分数约为95.86%,还含有少量的N、H、O、S和微量的Ca、Fe、Mg、Si、Al等元素,生产过程中留下的孔道不多;石墨纤维的比表面积较大,其微孔体积占总孔体积的97.98%,平均孔径在微孔区域,且孔径分布较窄,包含大量0.84nm左右和少量1.21nm左右的微孔,较丰富的微孔结构使其具有良好的吸附性能;石墨纤维的表面与孔隙具有较好的分形特性,分形维数分别为2.11和2.99,是一种有工业前景的吸附材料.     

Mangosteen peel-derived activated carbon for supercapacitors

This work reports the effects of activation temperatures on the porous development and electrochemical performance of activated carbons. Herein, activated carbons were prepared from the biowaste of mangosteen peel by using KOH activation at temperatures of 400, 600, and 800 ?°C. The results demonstrate that the specific surface area increases with increasing the activation temperatures in which the well-developed porous structure after KOH activation at 800 ?°C provides the highest specific surface area of 1039 ?m² ?g^?1. At 600 ?°C, the activated carbon delivers the highest specific capacitance value of 182 ?F ?g^?1 ?at a current density of 0.5 ?A ?g^?1 in 3 ?M KOH aqueous electrolyte. This is correlated well with its high micropore fractions (99%). Moreover, it was found that the activation temperature changes the major contribution of oxygen-containing functional group on surface of activated carbon, which is beneficial for the enhancement of the specific capacitance value of activated carbon at the temperature of 600 ?°C. This work suggests that the activation temperature is a key to optimizing the electrochemical performance of activated carbons. Overall, our activated carbons can be considered as a strong candidate for use as electrode materials in supercapacitors.     

Alkaline Hydrolysis of PP/EHDPET Blend Fibers

Polypropylene superfine fibers or cell porous fibers were prepared from the bi-component blend fibers of polypropylene/easlly hydro-degraded polyester(PP/EHDPET)by alkaline hydrolysis process. EHDPET is a kind of copolyester that can be rapidly hydro-degraded in the hot alkaline solution. This paper discussed the kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of EHDPET, and the effect of catalyst, bulk ratio and the content of polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) on the alkaline hydrolysis process. Meanwhile, the morphological change of the outer surface of blend fibers during this process was also investigated by the technology of scanning electron microscope (SEM).