河南省土壤养分状况研究

利用测土配方施肥数据,对全省95个县40多万个土壤样品分析表明:全省土壤有机质、全氮含量平均为15.98和0.96 g/kg,土壤速效磷、速效钾、缓效钾平均分别为17.37,121.91,676.41 mg/kg,土壤有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌、水溶性硼平均含量分别为11.23,16.47,1.49,1.38,0.64 mg/kg.与第2次土壤普查相比,全省有机质、全氮、速效磷、有效铜、有效锌、水溶性硼含量分别增加30.98%,20%,194.36%,22.89%,107.74%,65.13%;土壤速效钾、有效锰、有效铁含量分别减少8.13%,3.37%,29.37%.从养分分级来看,全省有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效硼、有效锌、有效铁、有效锰含量较低的样本占测试样本的比例分别为9.77%,2.98%,30.87%,40.18%,43.32%,11.56%,12.46%,6.24%.     

安徽省肥东县土壤养分时间变化特征

文章研究了1982年第二次土壤普查与2012年测土配方施肥这30多年来安徽省肥东县土壤表层(0-20 cm)有机质、有效磷和速效钾的时间变化规律.通过分析得出,1982-2012年间有机质、有效磷、速效钾的均值等都呈现出增长的趋势,有机质增长了大约113%;有效磷增长了218%;速效钾增长了大约82%,当地农民在第二次土壤普查之后,加大了氮肥、磷肥的施用,而忽略了钾肥的施用,再加上土地利用方式及管理方式的改变,导致肥东县的土壤养分含量发生了较大变化.     

耿马县耕地土壤养分现状及施肥对策

在2006年测土配方施肥试点项目中,对耿马县耕地土壤养分进行了一次全面调查,其结果,与1984年土壤普查相比,耿马县耕地土壤养分除碱解氮大幅度增加外,土壤有机质,全氮速效磷,速效钾普遍下降。根据土壤养分现状和大量田间试验参数,提出了增施有机肥和磷钾肥,控制氮肥用量,补施微肥,积极推广测土配方施肥新技术等施肥对策。     

贵德县耕层土壤农化指标含量分析

采用常规方法,分析了贵德县174个耕层土壤8项农化指标,旨在为耕地地力评价和测土配方施肥提供基础数据。结果表明:贵德县耕层土壤平均pH 8.16,有机质24.24 g/kg,速效氮104 mg/kg,有效磷42 mg/kg,速效钾276 mg/kg,全氮1.26 g/kg,全磷1.75 g/kg,全钾19.70 g/kg;总体速效钾含量水平高;速效氮、有效磷、有机质含量与丰缺指标相比较基本为中等水平。     

玛纳斯县农田土壤养分变化分析

土壤性质的空间变异对于揭示各项养分的分布规律,实行特定的田间管理措施和实施精确农业有重要意义。文章对照分析了1982年和2012年玛纳斯县农田表层土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾及 pH 的时空变化情况。结果发现30年来研究区土壤养分表现出一定的空间变异性,有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量及 pH 值变化明显,各项等级均有增长,其中有机质和有效磷的变异系数最为明显,玛纳斯县研究区域养分总体含量由20世纪80年代的“缺氮少磷富钾”变为目前的“平氮平磷富钾”。     

山东西部土壤耕层养分变化及持续利用对策

土壤养分对于农作物生长有着极其重要的作用.聊城市是重要的商品粮棉基地,开展该区土壤耕层养分状况和变化研究具有重要意义.经过土壤样品的采集、分析和统计并与第二次土壤普查结果比较,20年间聊城市土壤养分已发生较大变化,有机质、全氮、速效磷含量增加、变异系数亦增加;碱解氮含量增加、变异系数减小;速效钾含量减少、变异系数增加.其中速效磷含量增加明显,速效钾、速效磷变异系数增加明显.根据野外调查和统计资料分析了上述变化的原因、提出了相应的土壤资源持续利用措施,可望对研究区域农业生产提供帮助.     

基于GIS地统计学的海坛岛农田养分变异研究

利用半变异方差函数的方法揭示海坛岛的农田土壤养分空间变异。结果表明:海坛岛土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾平均含量分别为7.77g/kg、41.68mg/kg、27.57mg/kg和49.12mg/kg,各养分指标变异系数(CV)为中等变异水平。土壤养分由高到低可分为5级,有机质、碱解氮含量较低;有效磷十分丰富;速效钾含量极低。半变异方差函数显示有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾空间自相关性较低(块金效应都大于85%)。海坛岛土壤养分含量空间分布具有其特殊性,需要增加施肥指导,保持土地的可持续生产能力。     

内蒙古中部农牧交错带生态建设对浅层土壤养分的影响

以内蒙古化德县七号镇为例,分别于2000,2008和2013年,在典型地段的6种主要不同农业土地利用类型地块土壤浅层0～20 cm进行土壤样品采集.通过化验土壤养分含量,对比分析不同土地利用类型地块土壤养分含量的动态变化,探讨生态建设对土壤浅层养分的影响.结果表明：水浇地因定期施较多优质有机肥和磷肥,土壤养分含量相对稳定,其有机质、全氮、速效氮含量均有不同程度的变化,但变化水平不显著,速效磷含量上升,因隔年种植喜钾作物马铃薯,导致速效钾含量呈波动变化;旱滩地因有机肥施用严重不足,其有机质、全氮、速效氮含量下降;旱坡地因定期休耕压青,土壤养分得以维持;天然草地因退牧还草,其有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均增加;柠条林地、围栏草地因土地沙化严重,导致土壤养分变化不大;旱坡地、天然草地、柠条林地、围栏草地pH值稍有下降.牧草地通过自然修复,可有效提高土壤养分含量,耕地土壤养分含量由施肥和耕作方式决定.分析不同土地利用类型地块土壤养分含量的动态变化及其原因,提出合理利用土地资源、提高土壤养分的若干建议.     

南阳盆地施肥调查与土壤养分状况分析

用网格法结合村庄地块采集土壤样品,调查农民施肥状况.土样分析数据表明：南阳盆地土壤养分状况整体处于中等水平,土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾平均质量比分别为14.63g/kg和68.62,16.20,76.26mg/kg,与第二次土壤普查结果相比有机质、土壤速效磷质量比分别提高了24.0%和200%,而土壤速效钾质量比下降了50.1%.调查资料表明：农民施肥存在肥料品种单一、施肥量、施肥方式等不合理问题,应重视有机肥施用,推广秸秆还田,采用复合和缓1控释氮肥及合理的施氮技术,注意减磷补钾.     

崇义县上堡梯田区土壤养分变异特征及等级评价

基于上堡梯田区内472件土壤样中N、P、K_2O、碱解氮(JJN)、有效磷(YXP)、速效钾(SXK)、有机质(Corg)和pH的分析测试结果,采用地质统计分析法和GIS技术相结合研究养分空间变异特征,依据行业现行规范标准评价养分等级,为研究区内养分管理、精准施肥提供依据。上堡梯田区内土壤养分中N、P、K平均值均高于赣州市和全国土壤的背景值。N、P、K、有机质、碱解氮和pH为中等变异,速效钾和有效磷均为强变异水平,N、P、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和pH的半差函数模型均为指数模型,K、速效钾型为球状模型,具有较强的空间相关性;土壤养分地球化学等级主要为中等以上;土壤有机质与N、P、K、碱解氮、有效磷碱和速效钾存在极显著相关性,土壤pH与N、P、K、碱解氮、有效磷存在极显著相关性。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.