钠盐强化某低品位铁矿含碳球团还原机理

采用内配煤造球还原焙烧的方法对某高硅低品位铁矿进行处理,并加入钠盐强化还原,研究温度、时间和添加剂质量分数对还原的影响,并采用烟气分析仪研究含钠盐对还原过程的影响。计算CO体积分数对FeO还原和铁橄榄石(Fe_2SiO_4)生成反应的热力学影响,并采用SEM和XRD等分析还原球团的微观结构和成分。研究结果表明:还原中间产物FeO可与Si O2反应生成难以再还原的铁橄榄石(Fe_2SiO_4);提高还原反应体系中CO的体积分数可以促进FeO的还原和减少铁橄榄石(Fe_2SiO_4)的生成;钠盐能够有效地促进球团中碳的气化反应,提高球团内CO的体积分数,从而促进FeO的还原,减少Fe_2SiO_4的生成,进而改善还原效果;当内配煤质量分数(即C与Fe质量比m(C)/m(Fe))为0.4,钠盐质量分数为3%,焙烧时间为30 min以及焙烧温度为950℃时,还原效果最佳,还原球团的金属化率为56.74%,磨矿、磁选后精矿铁品位和铁回收率分别为74.16%和74.57%。     

菱铁矿在煤基直接还原条件下的转化过程

为研究菱铁矿在强还原气氛下加热过程中铁矿物的转化过程和规律,采用热重分析、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等手段研究了嘉峪关某菱铁矿石在煤基直接还原过程中菱铁矿的热行为和不同条件下焙烧产物中铁矿物的存在形式等.结果表明,菱铁矿在煤基直接还原条件下转化为金属铁的历程为FeCO3→Fe3O4→FeO→Fe.转化过程分为菱铁矿分解和铁氧化物还原两个阶段;热分解阶段在556.6℃时基本结束,最终产物为Fe3O4;铁氧化物的还原阶段在556.6℃以后、1200℃时完全结束,最终产物为金属铁.     

氰化渣磁化焙烧过程中铁化合物反应行为的热力学分析

通过对磁化焙烧过程中氧化铁还原的热力学平衡分析,以及Fe2O3与硅酸钙、铁橄榄石与氧化钙、Fe3O4与二氧化硅反应的热力学分析,研究氰化渣中含铁化合物在磁化焙烧过程中的热力学反应规律.对氰化渣进行焙砂-磁选实验研究,采用全谱直读等离子体(ICP)、X线衍射(XRD)、X线荧光(XRF)等方法对氰化渣和焙烧渣进行分析和表征.研究结果表明:Fe2O3在较低温度范围内易被还原为Fe3O4,且CaO与SiO2的物质的量比n(CaO)/n(SiO2)为1∶1时,Fe2O3不与硅钙化合物反应,不会造成铁的损失;产物Fe3O4在焙烧炉料中与SiO2不能发生反应,有CO存在时,加入适量的添加剂,亦能够稳定存在;在焙烧过程中加入氧化钙,铁橄榄石中的铁能被取代出来,可以提高磁化焙烧效率,且氧化钙的配入量是影响磁化焙烧效率的重要因素;当n( CaO )/n( SiO2)=1∶1,时间为90min,N2和CO的物质的量比n(N2)/n(Co)为4∶1,添加1％ Na2SO4,温度为880 K时,铁的回收率达到84％,铁精粉中铁品位达到60％,符合工业炼铁的原料要求.实验结果与热力学理论计算结果相吻合.     

Fe2O3转变为Fe3O4粉末的微波碳热还原

以活性炭为还原剂及以氩气为保护气,采用微波碳热还原的方法,将弱磁性的Fe2O3还原成强磁性的Fe3O4,并研究焙烧温度、保温时间以及SiO2粉末的加入对其还原焙烧成分及磁化效果的影响规律.结果表明:在配碳量一定的条件下,焙烧温度是微波碳热还原的关键因素,随着温度的升高,还原产物中Fe3O4的含量发生有规律的变化;650℃、保温5 min的条件下经微波还原后生成了纯Fe3O4粉末,其磁化率和还原度分别达到理论值2.33和11.11%;含SiO2的Fe2O3粉末在750℃以上进行微波还原,会生成大量的硅酸亚铁和氧化亚铁,导致Fe3O4含量降低,恶化还原焙烧指标,所以微波磁化焙烧的最佳温度应在570~650℃.     

不同形态Fe对Cr2 O3还原的影响

通过1350~1550℃下Fe-Cr2 O3、Fe2 O3-Cr2 O3和FeCr2 O4的碳还原实验,结合X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜考察不同形态铁( Fe、Fe2 O3和FeO)对Cr2 O3还原的影响.同一温度下最终还原度及还原速率均呈现Fe2 O3-Cr2 O3-C>FeCr2 O4-C>Fe-Cr2 O3-C的趋势,三种样品的还原都经历了氧化物→碳化物→Fe-Cr-C合金的过程;低碳碳化物的产生以及较早形成金属液相使Fe2 O3-Cr2 O3还原更充分,合金液相中碳溶解量低导致FeCr2 O4的还原率偏低,而碳化物偏多、合金液相偏少阻滞了Fe-Cr2 O3还原率的提高.实验得到Fe-Cr2 O3-C、FeCr2 O4-C和Fe2 O3-Cr2 O3-C体系的表观活化能分别为142.90、111.84和128.9 kJ·mol-1.     

硫酸烧渣综合利用新工艺

用黄铁矿生产硫酸 ,排放出的硫酸烧渣的主要成分为赤铁矿 (Fe2 O3) ,铁品位一般为 35 %～ 60 % .利用硫酸烧渣 ,进行了煤基直接还原生产金属化团块的研究 ,提出了润磨造球 预热焙烧 磁选 冷固结成型的新工艺流程 .所得产品金属化率约为 94% ,含铁品位 90 % ,铁回收率 90 % .直接还原铁粉冷固成型后可作电炉炼钢原料 .同时 ,针对硫酸烧渣综合利用中的脱硫问题进行了进一步探讨 .该工艺为硫酸烧渣的综合利用开辟了新的途径     

焙烧温度对高铁提钒尾渣煤基直接还原效果的影响

利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段考察了焙烧温度对提钒尾渣煤基直接还原效果的影响,并利用磨矿-磁选方法对焙烧产物进行了金属铁的分离实验.结果表明:最有利于金属铁析出、兼并、长大以及金属铁和渣相单体解离的焙烧温度是1200℃,在此温度下,提钒尾渣中的Fe2O3基本还原成了金属铁,Fe2TiO5基本转变成了金属铁和TiO2.铁质量分数36.54%、TiO2质量分数9.28%的提钒尾渣,经1200℃焙烧所得产物经过二段磨矿-二段磁选可获得铁质量分数90.90%、TiO2质量分数0.56%的金属铁粉.     

Na_2CO_3促进复杂难选铁矿石深度还原的机理分析

以羚羊铁矿石为原料,在1 200℃下深度还原40 min,通过外配Na2CO3的方法研究了Na2CO3对羚羊铁矿石深度还原的影响,并从热力学角度探讨了Na2CO3促进深度还原的机理.结果表明,铁橄榄石(2FeO.SiO2)、铁尖晶石(FeO.Al2O3)等复杂化合物的生成是影响还原物料金属化率和铁粉品位的一个重要因素.配入的Na2CO3分解产生的Na2O可以置换铁复杂化合物中的FeO;同时和矿石中的SiO2和Al2O3反应,进而有效减少了与FeO反应的SiO2和Al2O3的量,从而提高了还原物料的金属化率及铁粉品位.     

红土镍矿选择性还原-熔分制备镍铁合金

以硅镁型红土镍矿为原料,采用金属化焙烧-熔分工艺,通过正交试验制备金属化球团,将所得金属化球团在1500℃条件下熔融分离30min提取镍铁合金,考察影响因素对实验结果的影响.结果表明:在选择性还原制备金属化球团过程中,对金属化率的影响程度从大到小的因素依次是C/O摩尔比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间和碱度;实验可获得镍品位19%的镍铁合金;在碱度为0.8~1.2范围内,S和P分配比随着碱度的升高而增大.利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对金属化球团及熔融分离出的渣进行微观分析,发现加入的石灰石与复杂矿相反应可释放出简单镍氧化物和铁氧化物,促进还原反应的进行,当石灰石不足时,少量铁以Fe3+的形式存在于铁金属化率70%的金属化球团中.     

高铬型钒钛磁铁矿煤基直接还原研究

将高铬型钒钛磁铁精矿、还原剂煤粉和黏结剂按一定比例配料、混匀、模压成型后进行直接还原,研究了煤种、碳氧摩尔比(COR)、还原温度、还原时间和添加剂等因素对高铬型钒钛磁铁精矿还原产物金属化率的影响,采用X射线衍射对还原产物进行物相分析.结果表明:以无烟煤为还原剂,碳氧摩尔比1.2、还原温度1 350℃、还原时间60 min的条件下,未采用添加剂时产物金属化率最高可达89.80%;在碳氧摩尔比1.2、还原温度1 250℃、保温时间30 min、添加质量分数为3%Ca F2条件下,还原产物金属化率达85.27%,有效降低了还原过程的能耗.还原温度低于1 250℃时,产物主要物相为金属铁,同时还有少量的Fe2O3,Fe3O4,Fe3C,Fe0.5M g0.5Ti2O5和Ti O2;1 300℃时,还原产物中出现Fe2VO4;高于1 350℃时,还原产物中出现了(Fe,Cr)和Ti3O5.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.