自适应采样率分配的分布式压缩感知视频编码

提出了一种基于压缩感知理论的分布式视频编码方案,它是建立在压缩感知理论的基础上全新的具有动态测量率分配的分布式视频编码框架,具有编码端简单、抗误码能力强、编码效率较高的特点.在编码端,关键帧和非关键帧独立编码,关键帧采用高采样率的压缩感知测量,非关键帧采用自适应的压缩感知测量.在解码端,利用非局部稀疏模型和字典训练更新算法,关键帧和非关键帧联合进行压缩感知重建.实验结果表明,本文的编码算法能获得较好的率失真性能和主观图像质量.     

采用非线性块稀疏字典选择的视频总结

针对基于稀疏表示的视频总结未充分考虑视频帧之间的非线性关系和关键帧的块稀疏特性,提出了一种采用非线性块稀疏字典选择的视频总结方法。首先考虑视频帧之间的非线性关系,通过核函数把原始视频样本映射到高维空间,使线性不可分的样本变得线性可分,从而实现非线性到线性的转化,建立非线性稀疏字典选择模型;然后考虑关键帧的块稀疏特性,将视频帧分成帧块,每个帧块内的内容具有一定的相似性,进一步建立非线性块稀疏字典选择模型来提取关键帧块;最后设计了一种核化的联合块正交匹配追踪算法对提出的模型进行优化。在基准视频数据集上的实验表明,所提算法能明显提升视频总结的性能指标F值,且计算复杂度较低,从而验证了联合使用非线性和块稀疏的有效性。     

基于压缩感知的视频信号采集观测值渐进量化算法

在基于压缩感知的视频信号采集中,观测值的量化方法会对重构质量产生重大的影响.为了设计一种性能较优的观测值量化方法,根据视频信号的帧间相关性和压缩感知的视频采集信号观测值特性,提出了基于压缩感知的视频采集信号观测值渐进量化算法.该算法将非关键帧观测值均匀量化后只传输若干不太重要的码平面,在重构端利用邻近的已解码帧通过运动估计生成该非关键帧的边信息帧,再通过观测得到该非关键帧观测值的估计,结合接收到的不太重要码平面信息,通过渐进量化的逆量化得到精确的观测值.实验结果表明:与均匀量化算法相比,文中算法在不增加编码端复杂度和不降低视频序列重构质量的基础上,能大幅降低码率;在相同码率下,不同序列获得的平均增益在0.5~2.0 d B之间,具有较高的率失真性能.     

基于多字典和稀疏噪声编码的图像超分辨率重建

稀疏表示模型是通过将字典中的原子进行组合得到期望的结果.为了解决传统字典学习中所有图像块重建均使用同一个字典,从而忽略了最佳稀疏域的问题,提出来一种基于多字典和稀疏噪声编码的图像超分辨率重建算法.在字典训练时,利用图像的特征将它们合理地划分成若干个簇,每个聚类训练生成子字典对,利用最佳字典对进行重建.在求解稀疏系数阶段,引入稀疏编码噪声去除噪声的影响,利用图像非局部自相似性来获得原始图像稀疏编码系数的良好估计,然后将观测图像的稀疏编码系数集中到这些估计当中.实验表明,与ASDS算法和SSIM算法相比较,该算法有更好的重建结果,获得了更丰富的图像细节和更清晰的边缘.     

CVS中基于多维度参考帧的双稀疏重构算法

为了提升视频压缩感知稀疏重构的准确性,得到更高质量的重构视频帧,基于视频信号在不同表示域具有不同的稀疏特性,文中提出了一种基于多维度参考帧的双稀疏重构算法(MRF-DSR).首先构建双稀疏重构模型,利用视频信号的组稀疏和拉普拉斯加权稀疏特性来刻画重构视频帧的稀疏特性;其次提出多维度参考帧的概念,引入基于时间维度参考帧的半像素和缩放维度参考帧,通过为当前帧的图像块提供更多的可能匹配块来获得稀疏度更高的匹配块组;最后提出菱形形状快速搜索算法,通过粗搜索和精细搜索过程确定时间维度参考帧最优相似块的位置,再在多维度参考帧的相同位置进行小范围的快速搜索,从而实现较低复杂度的大范围搜索.仿真实验结果表明,与现有最优视频压缩感知重构算法相比,MRF-DSR算法在主观和客观标准上都具有较好的重构性能.     

基于快速稀疏编码与惊奇计算的视频异常检测方法

提出一种可用于视频中群体异常和个体异常检测的方法,即先用快速稀疏编码算法生成字典,再用字典表示测试特征样本,并以重构误差作为目标函数进行异常判别;对于群体异常,用块匹配运动估计代替耗时的整帧光流计算,生成多尺度运动直方图,有效地减少了计算复杂度;对于个体异常,提取HNF特征,若稀疏表达的重构误差超过阈值,则用惊奇计算进行二次检测,判断其是否为噪声导致的虚警,计算字典中已包含和未包含的不同特征描述子之间的差别,若判别出虚警,则更新字典减少后续检测中噪声干扰的虚警数.实验表明,算法有效地提高了检测率,降低了计算复杂度,且易于实现.     

基于运动对齐预测模型的分布式视频压缩感知重构

为了提高分布式视频压缩感知（Distributed Video Compressive Sensing,DVCS）的率失真性能,文中提出根据视频非关键帧图像的时间相关性将帧内各块分为静止块与运动块两类,并对它们设定不同的测量率以提高压缩感知（Compressive Sensing,CS）捕获信息的效率.在重构过程中,提出运动对齐多假设预测模型进行重构,该预测模型在测量域内实现运动估计,并根据运动信息在参考帧内寻找到待重构块的若干候选匹配块,利用它们的线性加权和残差重构得到非关键帧图像的重构结果.仿真实验结果表明,文中所提出的DVCS重构算法能有效提升系统的率失真性能,与现有方法相比,在重构时间基本不变的情况下,获得更好的主客观视频重构质量.     

基于图像熵分块的压缩感知字典学习算法

针对传统字典学习算法预处理阶段未考虑图像内外部特征的问题,提出一种基于灰度梯度矩阵的图像熵字典学习算法.该算法通过灰度梯度矩阵计算图像块熵值,并对各图像块进行分类,每类数据组合成训练数据集,再利用基于系数矩阵的奇异值分解算法更新各类子字典.对测试图像的稀疏表示系数进行重建实验,仿真结果表明,该算法可高效训练出自适应稀疏字典,显著提高图像重建精度.      

基于聚类与稀疏字典学习的近似消息传递

基于传统字典学习的近似消息传递(approximate message passing, AMP)算法对训练样本数量的需求较高,且运算成本较高。本文引入双稀疏模型,构建基于稀疏字典学习的AMP框架,降低迭代过程中字典学习对训练样本数量的需求,提高压缩感知图像重建的质量与效率。进一步,提出基于聚类与稀疏字典学习的AMP算法,在迭代过程中依据图像块特征进行分类,并为各类图像块分别学习稀疏字典,实现自适应去噪。与基于传统字典学习的AMP算法相比,基于聚类与稀疏字典学习的AMP算法能够将重建图像的峰值信噪比提高0.20～1.75 dB,并且能够将运算效率平均提高89%。     

基于二分K均值聚类和最近特征线的视频超分辨率重建方法

提出一种基于二分K均值聚类和最近特征线的视频超分辨率重建方法.该方法在生成图像块训练样本库阶段,为了解决传统K均值算法对图像块聚类时间复杂度较大的问题,设计一种基于二分K均值图像块聚类算法,用以实现快速构建初始训练样本库;在视频帧超分重建阶段,通过改进的最近特征线方法扩充样本库,并舍弃其中的不合适样本,提升样本库的表达能力.该视频超分辨率重建方法应用于基于关键帧的视频超分辨率重建,首先对时序上近邻的两个关键帧下采样并分块,然后使用图像块聚类算法构建初始训练样本库;对于这两个关键帧之间的低分辨率帧,使用改进的最近特征线方法扩充的训练样本库重建出对应的高分辨率帧.实验结果表明,提高了视频超分辨率重建的时间效率,同时也提升了每一帧重建图像的主客观质量,证明了算法的有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with