模糊自适应PID控制器在无刷直流电机控制系统中的应用研究

对于具有多变量、时变性、非线性、强耦合等特性的无刷直流电机(BLDCM)控制系统,传统的PID控制很难实现良好的控制效果.基于无刷直流电机(BLDCM)的数学模型,提出一种基于模糊自适应PID控制的速度控制方案.该算法根据电机转速变化,采用模糊控制原理对PID的参数进行在线整定,实现优化控制.仿真结果表明,模糊自适应PID控制具有转速响应快,超调量小等优点,使系统对扰动和参数变化都具有较强的鲁棒性,控制效果优于传统的PID控制.     

基于单神经元神经网络的无刷直流电机控制系统仿真

无刷直流电机是一种多变量、非线性、参数时变以及强耦合的复杂系统,利用传统比例积分微分(proportional integral differential,PID)算法控制无刷直流电机存在参数调整困难、自适应能力差、控制精度低以及抗干扰能力弱等问题.为实现无刷直流电机的高精度控制,在转速环中引入了基于单神经元神经网络PID控制算法,研究了无刷直流电机的数学模型及运行特性,提出了单神经元神经网络PID算法,最后比较分析了在电机双闭环控制系统中转速环采用不同控制算法下的转速阶跃函数响应,以及三相电流、反电动势和电磁转矩的运行状态.结果表明:单神经元神经网络PID算法控制下的无刷直流电机其转速的阶跃函数响应具有更快的上升时间、更小的超调量以及更加稳定的运行状态.     

虚实结合的直流电机PID转速控制实验设计

为进一步提高电路、电子与自动控制等相关实验的精度,拓展实验的创新性和可操作性,改善实验的可视化效果,在传统直流电机PID转速控制实验的基础上,结合NI ELVIS平台,设计了以虚拟仪器为核心的数据采集和PID调速控制实验。基于ELVIS原型实验板和Lab VIEW开发软件完成了直流电机转速控制系统的软硬件设计;通过虚实结合的方式,利用仿真和实验测试结果验证了所设计实验环节的准确与可靠,同时分析了实验结果的误差来源。与传统的仿真实验相比,虚实结合的实验更具有创新性和实践性,调动了学生的学习兴趣,提高了动手能力。     

浅析微型直流电机的PID控制算法

直流电机目前在各个领域中得到广泛应用,研究直流电机的测量与控制方法,对提高控制精度、响应速度以及节约能源等具有十分重要的意义,在以SPCE061A十六位单片机为主控中心的直流电机控制系统中利用数字PID算法控制单片机输出PWM脉冲,实现了对直流电机的转速调节和转速测量,并将测量结果在液晶显示器和8位LED上显示出来。     

基于单神经元自适应PID的PLC直流电机控制系统

针对微型计算机和单片机进行直流电机控制时,抗干扰能力和可靠性差等缺点,提出了一种基于单神经元PID(Proportional-Integral-Derivative)算法的PLC(Programmable Logic Controler)控制直流电机的调速系统,设计了PLC控制D/A(Digital/Analog)转换电路、直流电机驱动电路、转速脉冲反馈电路,研究了单神经元自适应PID控制算法。将有监督单神经元控制算法应用于直流电机调速系统,通过调整神经元控制器的加权系数,实现自适应PID的最优控制。单神经元PID调节在大范围调速和抑制超调方面都有明显的改善,进而提高了直流调速系统的精度。通过系统动态测试,实现了PLC控制直流电机正反转自动调速,直流电机在稳态运行时,转速误差小于1 rad/s。     

基于模糊PID模型的无刷直流电机转速控制

摘要：无刷直流电机（BLDCM）是一种多变量、强耦合、非线性、时变的复杂控制系统,采用传统的PID控制很难实现无静差控制。本文针对无刷直流电机（BLDCM）提出了一种基于PID模型的转速控制方案,利用无刷直流电机的电压与转矩转速方程,通过调节PID参数来实现转速控制,采用模糊原理对PID参数进行模糊化,根据电机参数的变化,对PID参数进行在线调整,取得了高精度的转速控制。仿真和实验结果表明,采用本文提出的模糊PID控制方法控制无刷直流电机,能够实现响应速度快、无超调、控制精度高,且系统对干扰和参数变化具有较强的鲁棒性,动、静态性能均优于传统的PID控制和单纯的模糊控制。     

基于Proteus的无刷直流电机控制器仿真设计

在Proteus仿真环境下结合Mplab开发平台,设计了以DSPIC33FJl2MC202为主控制器的无刷直流电机仿真控制系统。该系统采用转速电流双闭环PID控制策略,实现了对无刷直流电机的调速控制。实验结果表明,所设计的系统能够满足无刷直流电机转速控制的设计要求,稳定可靠,对实际硬件电路的设计具有很大的辅助作用。     

基于模糊PID的无刷直流电机电流跟踪控制

为了改善传统的转速PID不能根据无刷直流电机参数变化自适应调整的缺点,同时使其具有良好的动态电流响应,本文将模糊转速PID控制和固定频率的电流跟踪控制相结合用于无刷直流电机的控制系统中.首先介绍了模糊PID的概念及算法模型,然后分析了固定频率的电流跟踪控制技术,最后利用在MATLAB/simu link基础上建立的控制系统仿真模型对本文提出的算法进行了验证并与采用传统PID的系统进行了比较,仿真结果证明了采用模糊PID和固定频率的电流跟踪控制相结合的系统的高效性和合理性.     

基于自适应模糊PID方法的轮毂无刷直流电机控制与仿真

针对轮毂式电动车用永磁无刷直流电机转速PID控制精度低、控制不稳定和响应滞后等特点,根据轮毂电机参数的变化,利用模糊控制对PID参数进行在线自适应调整,提出了一种基于自适应模糊PID的转速控制方法,获得了高精度的转速控制。首先分析永磁无刷直流电机的动态数学模型,在MATALB/Simulink平台下,将模型按功能进行子模块建模,并通过与S函数相结合构建无刷直流电机的转速自适应模糊PID的双闭环控制系统模型,最后考虑车辆实际行驶情况,进行了电机系统运行工况的仿真分析。结果表明,采用自适应模糊PID控制无刷直流电机,能够实现控制精度高、响应速度快、无超调,且系统对干扰和参数变化具有较强的鲁棒性,明显改善对电动车用轮毂驱动电机的控制效果,提高电动车辆行驶的操纵性和稳定性。     

LQR优化的BP神经网络PID控制器设计

针对传统神经网络PID(比例 积分 微分)控制器和传统线性二次调节器(LQR)优化型PID控制器对无刷直流电机转速控制恢复时间长及抗干扰性较差等问题, 提出一种LQR优化的BP神经网络PID控制器, 用于无刷直流电机的转速控制. 首先, 利用BP神经网络对PID增益进行调节, 提高控制器的动态适应性和鲁棒性； 然后, 采用LQR优化BP神经网络最优输出, 使其更接近目标PID增益. 仿真结果表明, 该控制器有效提高了响应速度, 减小了稳态误差并增强了抗干扰能力.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.