声点源散射三维物形的全孔径和有限孔径近场重构问题

研究了仅从声点源散射场在有限个测量点的近场信息,再现三维障碍物形状的反问题,,基于将散射场在有限下测量点处的近场信息作加权合成的思想,提出了这类反问题的一个非线性最优化求解方法,基于全孔径和有限孔径近场数据的数值结果表明,在波数较小的情况下,这一方法既有效又实用。     

三维有限孔径逆声散射问题的数值解

从声散射场远场分布的信息来再现三维障碍物形状反问题的数值解,提出了求解这类非线性且不适定反问题的一种非线性最优化方法,该方法的主要特点是只需声散射场的远场分布在某个有限孔径中若干个入射和观测方向上的远场信息。数值结果表明,对较小的波数,即使只用在较小的入射和观测范围中的远场测量信息,得到三维障碍物的一个合理的重构也是可能的。     

海洋波导中三维目标的快速声学成像

研究了用声点源入射波所获得的近场散射数据来成像海洋波导环境中三维未知目标的反问题．发展了一种指示器样本快速成像方法,即不需要预先知道未知目标的声学特性就能非常快速成像．数值试验表明：该方法对成像海洋波导中三维目标是有效的,即使在有限孔径的测量方式和具有噪声散射场测量数据的情况,也能够得到未知目标的一个理想成像,而且还表明了海洋波导边界的多重反射效应对成像效果具有一定的正面影响．     

平板目标近场散射的缩比特性

用物理光学法研究导电平板目标近场散射特性，为了提高计算效率，中采用了卷积积分法，通过计算机的模拟发现，当特征尺寸，入射波长及观察点离目标的距离改变时，其散射场存在一定的换算关系，散射场出现近似的或严格的相似性。     

电磁逆散射中线性抽样法的快速计算

电磁逆散射通过测量目标体产生的散射场或其远场模式重建目标体. 该问题作为一类典型逆问题具有重要的理论研究价值,同时它在工程技术领域也具有重要的应用价值. 线性抽样法,作为解决电磁逆散射问题的方法之一,通过线性积分方程降低了电磁逆散射问题的病态性与非线性对问题求解的影响. 但是,线性抽样法传统的实现过程需要全空间或全平面的入射/散射场信息和成像区域,三维目标体的重建过程需要较长时间. 为了降低线性抽样法的计算代价,本文提出了两种快速计算方法, 分别是重建三维目标体的二维投影图和利用自适应边缘检测方法重建二维     

栅的散射场研究

针对无限长金属圆柱所组成的栅对声波散射形成的散射场问题,在理论分析的基础上,对列出的散射方程编制了计算程序,又以栅的近场散射场为例作了计算,得到了散射场的若干规律。     

非入射方向有限长弹性柱声散射特性研究

给出了水中有限长弹性目标声散射问题的求解方法，假设有限长柱为具有同样半径无限长柱的一部分，通过一定近似，推导出了双基地条件下有限长弹性柱声散射的波形函数，并与Stanton的柱方法进行比较，验证了该方法的正确性，通过数值仿真实验，给出了声波斜入射时有限长弹性柱目标强度随频率变化的关系曲线，为双基地声呐目标声散特性的研究提供了理论依据。     

声呐目标散射近场特性研究

本文通过实验测量对水下目标的散射近场特性进行了研究。首先,本文应用赫姆霍茨积分公式计算了简单几何形状目标的散射近场随距离、频率及入射波束照射面积的变化。其次,实验测量了××艇模型不同部位的散射近场强度。最后,本文测量了球壳目标散射近场的空间指向特性,并与远场指向特性进行了比较。     

含衬砌孔洞的凸起的垂直入射SH波的动力分析

采用复变函数法，求解半无限空间中含圆形衬砌孔洞的半圆形凸起对稳态SH波的散射问题，给出在一定边界条件下的SH波散射的动力分析的解析方法．利用介质与衬砌结构在交界处应力、位移的连续性，构造一个可以自动满足凸起边界上应力边界条件的圆域对SH波散射的波函数．再利用波函数将圆域与半圆形凹陷半空间的“公共边界”进行“契合”，并对该问题进行求解．给出了当稳态SH波垂直入射时2种无量纲参数下的算例分析，讨论了波数与衬砌厚度变化对动应力集中的影响．介质和衬砌内动应力集中系数随孔径、衬砌厚度、波数变化而变化，且与衬砌性质有关．     

波束入射时一维动态粗糙海面的电磁散射

基于粗糙面散射场积分方程,采用目前较为普遍的前、后向加速迭代法来求解具有Pierson-Moskowitz谱的动态导体粗糙海面的波束散射问题,数值计算后向散射截面的角分布,讨论了波束和平面波入射时动态海面在不同尺度、采样间隔及不同风速下的散射截面的变化,尤其对掠入射散射做了讨论,得到了平面波和波束入射时后向散射截面随掠入射角近四次方的变化关系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the