双波长光纤温度传感器的研究

提出了一种满足电力系统高压电器设备在线温度检测需要的双波长光纤温度测量系统。系统以半导体材料的光谱吸收特性作为测温原理，采用光纤和无源器件感受和传递温度信号，具有良好的绝缘性和抗电磁干扰的能力。论述了运用改进双波长补偿方法来全面克服系统中存在的光路扰动、解决光纤温度传感器工作不稳定问题、提高系统的测量精度和稳定性的原理。给出了双波长光纤温度测量系统的实验结果，证明了理论研究的正确性。     

分布式光纤光栅测温系统的理论分析

介绍了分布式光纤光栅F-G腔基本原理,分析了光纤光栅温度传感器的理论,设计了分布式光纤光栅测温系统,采用波长探测解调系统实现对温度的准分布式多点测量,从理论上说明了其可行性和具有较高的温度分辨率.     

光纤温度传感器的理论和实验研究

本文利用半导体材料吸光谱随温度改变的原理,设计制作了数字显示的光纤测温仪,并对这种光纤温度传感器进行了理论和实验研究。试验结果表明理论计算与实测情况基本一致。研制的仪器在0～20c℃温度范围内,测温精度为±3℃。     

半导体吸收式光纤温度传感器

利用半导体光吸收原理 ,提出了一种新颖的半导体吸收式光纤温度传感器 ,它可实现在高压、强电磁环境下对电力系统线路及设备的温度测量。该传感器使用砷化镓半导体材料作为温度敏感元件 ,并用反射式传感结构 ,使其具有结构简单、容易使用、响应速度快的特点 ;同时利用除法器减少了光强的变化及光纤连接损耗对传感器信号的影响。实验测定 ,该传感器在 - 2 0℃～ 110℃的温度范围内有1℃的精度 ,温度在 15℃～ 110℃范围变化时有 2 5 s的响应时间。     

光纤光栅温度传感器在地源热泵中应用

地源热泵应用地下土壤的地热资源，为建筑冬季供暖和夏季制冷．为了实时监测地源热泵工作过程中垂直盘管换热器周围土壤温度的变化，应用3个自行研制的光纤光栅温度传感器。组成分布式光纤光栅温度监测系统对其进行监测．3个光纤光栅温度传感器分别安置在25m垂直盘管的5、15和25m处．垂直盘管安装完后，应用FBG波长解调系统采集数据．采用双层钢管封装的光纤光栅温度传感器，有效消除了应变对光纤光栅的影响，同时也提高了光纤光栅的温度灵敏度．该光纤光栅温度传感系统对地源热泵长期工作状态进行了监测，监测结果与理论计算结果符合很好．     

半导体管温度传感器的研究

根据半导体三极管的热敏特性，研制了温度传感器，对其测温原理和电路设计进行了理论及应用的讨论，并将其用于高温脱毒工艺中的温度监控．     

用于油井温度剖面快速测量的高精度光纤光栅温度传感器设计

为实现对油井温度剖面的高精度快速测量，设计了一种游走式高精度光纤光栅温度传感器，采用超细不锈钢管进行耐压封装，进行了温度响应速度的理论仿真，并分析了井下高压对测量精度的影响。对直径1.2 mm的传感器采用商用高精度解调仪进行解调后进行了测试。结果表明，设计的光纤光栅温度传感器的分辨率为0.01 ℃，测温线性范围到达175 ℃，响应速度小于108 ms，耐压可达100 MPa，能够满足油井温度剖面快速测量的需要。     

电力电缆光纤光栅实时在线测温传感器优化设计

开发高压超高压电力电缆光纤光栅温度传感器系统,提出光纤光栅传感机理,建立优化设计框架.通过光纤光栅温度传感器封装结构优化设计,提出片式封装结构;通过线性度优化设计,提出用铝板作为封装基底材料;通过外界应力场影响补偿优化设计,提出采用40 mm× 10 mm(长×宽)的小尺寸封装方法.进行光纤光栅温度传感器水域实验和光纤光栅测温系统对比实验,讨论系统的性能和可行性.并将光纤光栅温度实时在线监控系统应用于实际工程项目,分辨率达0.1℃,精确度达±0.5℃,测温范围可达-30～200℃.     

光纤光栅温度仪的研制

介绍了一种新型光纤温度仪。该仪器采用1309nm光纤光栅作为温度传感器探头。对于光纤光栅的波长检测采用一种基于光纤边沿滤波器进行比例检测。该检测方法具有成本低,响应速度快等优点。信号处理和显示通过一个AT89S52单片机实现。该仪器适于在电力、油田、医学等强电场和易燃易爆环境进行远程温度在线检测。     

光纤比色测温传感器的原理及设计

文章阐述了辐射测温中比色测量的基本原理,在此基础上提出了一种适用于燃气轮机工作温度测量的新型光纤温度传感器的结构设计和工作原理;论述了运用比色测量法可全面克服系统中的光路振动、解决光纤温度传感器中的不稳定问题,提高了系统的温度精度和稳定性;给出了用比色法光纤温度测量的实验结果,证明了理论研究的正确性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…