认识数字音频中的字时钟

数字音频设备必须在传输数字音频信号时同步,否则,数字音频信号可能不被正确地接收.可以通过一种叫做“字时钟”的方式来实现数字音频设备之间的同步：它实际上是在一个系统中为所有数字音频信号同步的时钟信号.本文揭示了该信号在同步过程中的工作原理和工作方式.     

认识数字音频中的字时钟

数字音频设备必须在传输数字音频信号时同步,否则,数字音频信号可能不被正确地接收.可以通过一种叫做“字时钟”的方式来实现数字音频设备之间的同步：它实际上是在一个系统中为所有数字音频信号同步的时钟信号.本文揭示了该信号在同步过程中的工作原理和工作方式.     

基于FPGA的曼彻斯特编解码器设计

<正>曼彻斯特编码是相位调制的、自同步的、超越传统数字传输极限的一种编码/解码方式。曼彻斯特编码同步时钟信号就隐藏在数据波形中,码元位中间的正负跳变既作为数据信号的又作为时钟信号。曼彻斯特编码数据流中包含同步时钟信号和数据信号,在传输代码信息的同时,也将同步时钟信号一起传输到对方,并且每位编码中有一跳变,不存在直流分量,具有自同步能力和良好的抗干扰性能。     

软件锁相技术在模拟蜂窝移动通信系统中的应用

本文提出了实现软件锁相的一种方法，文中以模拟移动通信接收机中Ｍａｎｃｈｅｓｔｅｒ码转移成ＮＲＺ为例，阐述了用单片微机实现软件锁相、位同步提取、码元判决和码型变换的原理，介绍了软件锁相环参数设计方法，并给出实测结果。     

基于DFT的位同步算法及其实现

为了更加快速有效地传输信息,研究了1种基于离散傅里叶变换(DFT)的位同步算法,考虑到调制码元波形具有稳定区和过渡区,该算法只对稳定区内的信号采样值按照载波周期做DFT运算提取幅值,通过检测幅值极小值来实现位同步.直接利用调制信号获取位同步信号,不从恢复的基带信号中提取,使得位同步的建立较容易,降低了计算量,简化了通信系统的解调过程.Matlab仿真结果证明:该算法实现位同步的速度快,且在信噪比不低于5 dB时的同步效果都很好,体现了较强的抗噪性,可以满足实际工程的要求.     

网络化测试系统的时钟同步

介绍网络化测试系统的时钟同步问题,包括同步时钟源以及时钟同步方法,并对每种方法的特点及应用进行了探讨.最后根据网络化测试系统的具体特点提出了简单而又实用的测试网传输报文加盖时间戳进行时钟同步的方法,利用ICMP报文给出了实现方法.     

多频组合波电法的信号相干检测同步方案

针对电法勘探中同步的重要性和现有同步方法存在的问题、不完全同步的实质、同步信号与待测信号不完全同步相干检测对多频组合波电法相干检测的傅里叶变换结果的影响 ,研究了共时钟完全同步相干检测方案及其原理、具体实现过程 .实验结果表明 :利用共时钟完全同步方案可以使待测信号与采样控制信号完全同步 ,达到准确采集数据的目的 ,得到待测信号的精确傅里叶变换结果 ;本同步方案不仅可在多频组合波电法仪器中获得成功应用 ,还可以推广到单频电法仪器中 ,得到更好的应用效果     

具有漂移补偿的RCR时钟同步模型

针对基于以太网的工业测控系统时钟同步,探讨了低同步代价下实现较高同步准确度的问题.提出一定同步准确度下具有漂移补偿的远端时钟读取(RCR)时钟同步模型,它具有提高每一次同步准确度、简化远端时钟读取成功判断的特点,可降低整个系统同步的计算量.通过给出集成时间戳报文的数字锁相环漂移补偿,实现了一定同步准确度下具有漂移补偿的RCR时钟模型的同步架构及仿真.结果表明,该模型可将目前常见的基于报文传输延迟测算的时钟同步方法NTP的准确度至少提高一个数量级.     

以太网电路仿真技术的时钟同步研究

在数据业务膨胀的今天,实现电信级的电路仿真业务是MEF的目标.而时钟同步和时钟恢复则是电路仿真业务面临的主要技术挑战.本文简要介绍电路仿真业务的基本概念,详细的介绍了时钟同步问题,并对实现时钟同步给出了相关的办法.以达到更好地实现电路仿真业务.     

应用CMC-80机解决数字信号接收中的“位同步”

在数字通信中，如何能正确接收数字信号，最关键的是解决信号的同步问题。同步，包括位同步和字节的同步，不管那种电码，如何编码，位同步是共同的要求，特别是无启闭的均匀电码，位同步更为重要，而产生“位同步时钟”是解决位同步的核心。现应用微机采用自同步数字锁相式的方法，产生位同步脉冲，自动跟踪码元的变化，解决信号的位同步问题。再生出与原信号一致的新信号，在干扰的情况下，降低了误码率，提高了信号质量，特别是在强干扰时，更表现出它的优越性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the