中国鲎卵膜发生的研究

除了质膜之外,中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)卵子具有三层卵膜:卵黄膜、基膜和胶膜。卵原细胞和早期卵母细胞仅有一层质膜。卵黄发生前的卵母细胞表面为一层厚度约5μm的基膜所覆盖,基膜上有小孔。当卵母细胞进入卵黄发生时期,在质膜和基膜之间出现一层卵黄膜,其厚度约为35μm。它的存在可能与卵黄粒的形成有密切关系。在卵黄粒形成接近完成之前,基膜则又出现两层胶膜     

乌龟卵壳结构的研究

本文对乌龟卵壳在扫描电镜下的微观结构进行了研究.乌龟卵壳主要由钙质层与壳膜组成.钙质层由霰石状态的碳酸钙晶体组成,可分为许多个壳单位,每个壳单位由同一中心辐射出来的针状晶体构成.卵壳的外表面具有一定的饰纹,有些部位还分布有纵横交错的有机纤维和块状的有机物质.壳膜由多层网状纤维组成,没有内、外壳膜之分.龟卵在孵化过程中不形成气室.同时对孵化前后龟卵壳的结构进行了对比研究.     

鲫鱼（Carassius auratus）卵和胚胎中母原性免疫球蛋白的定位

自鲫鱼血清中沉淀出免疫球蛋白（Ig)并层析纯化。纯化后的Ig加福氏完全佐剂和福氏不完全佐剂免疫大白兔制得特异抗血清。免疫组化研究显示母源性Ig最初时在Ⅳ时相早期卵中出现。在卵子的发育过程中,Ig遍布整个卵子并由卵膜至卵中心逐渐减少,其中卵膜内壁Ig最多。在心跳前期的胚胎发育过程中,母源性Ig存在于卵膜内壁、胚胎和卵黄中,至尾鳍形成期完全消失;首先是胚胎和卵黄中的Ig消失（心跳期）,然后是卵膜内壁的IgM消失（尾鳍形成期）。在胚胎发育过程中,Ig亦遍布于卵黄之中;其中,卵膜内壁含Ig最多;在胚胎和卵黄中无Ig集中的现象。     

褐圆蚧纯黄蚜小蜂的胚胎发育和胚后发育

为深入了解褐圆蚧纯黄蚜小蜂（Aphytis holoxanthus DeBach）个体生长发育状况，采用跟踪观察，应用透射光和直射光拍摄，描述了该蜂的胚胎发育和胚后发育过程。结果表明：在温度（25±1） ℃、相对湿度70%±5%条件下，纯黄蚜小蜂卵期2~3 d。产卵后0~8 h为卵裂和胚盘形成阶段；16~18 h后，形成胚带和胚膜；50~52 h后，胚胎雏形形成；54 h后，胚胎形成，卵壳表面出现裂缝，卵壳从卵端部开始脱至卵柄，1~2 min完成孵化。纯黄蚜小蜂幼虫期约为7 d，蛹期7~8 d，预蛹浅黄色，老熟蛹复眼浅灰色，胸部腹板和腹部腹板大部分暗褐色。     

乌龟卵壳结构的研究

本文对乌龟卵壳在扫描电镜下的微观结构进行了研究。乌龟卵壳主要由钙质层与壳膜组成。钙质层由霰石状态的碳酸钙晶体组成,可分为许多个壳单位,每个壳单位由同一中心辐射出来的针状晶体构成。卵壳的外表面具有一定的饰纹,有些部位还分布有纵横交错的有机纤维和块状的有机物质。壳膜由多层网状纤维组成,没有内、外壳膜之分.龟卵在孵化过程中不形成气室。同时对孵化前后龟卵壳的结构进行了对比研究。     

中国鲎胚胎发育研究

利用人工授精技术孵化中国鲎，详细观察研究中国鲎胚胎早期发育过程的形态变化特点及其规律。中国鲎的胚胎早期发育可分为卵裂和囊胚形成期（所需时间约6d）、原肠胚和附肢原基形成期（约11d）、组织分化期（约17d）、快速生长期（约16d）。在组织分化期，胚体共进行3次胚内蜕皮，并在第2次蜕皮的同时卵胶膜破裂蜕去，完成3次胚内蜕皮的胚体身体扁平，各组织器官基本成型定位。在快速生长期内，胚体完成最后一次胚内蜕皮，蜕皮后胚体进一步扁平，各组织器官进一步完善。第4次蜕皮后3－5d时间胚体破坏内卵膜而孵化为自由游泳的一龄幼鲎，开始胚后发育。孵化的一龄幼鲎大约经过180d的发育蜕去旧壳成为二龄幼鲎。     

北京油葫芦卵子发生的观察

对北京油葫芦(Teleogryllus emma Ohmachi & Matsuura)卵子发生过程进行了系统观察和研究.结果表明,成虫期卵子发生可明显的分为卵母细胞分化、生长及卵黄形成三个时期,并可分为七个阶段.第一阶段,卵母细胞位于卵原区,进行第一次减数分裂的前期.第二阶段,卵母细胞核内核仁消失,滤泡上皮细胞开始分化.第三阶段,滤泡上皮细胞有丝分裂形成单细胞层包围在卵母细胞外,之后滤泡上皮细胞形成双核的柱状体.第四阶段,卵母细胞胞质的周缘有泡状小体出现,随后卵黄小颗粒开始在胞质周缘沉积.第五阶段,卵母细胞积累大量卵黄物质,胚泡膜界限变的模糊.第六阶段,卵黄积累完成,胚泡消失,滤泡上皮细胞又成为扁圆形.第七阶段,卵黄膜和卵壳形成,卵子发育成熟.     

白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticus reevesii)卵壳的超微结构及元素组成研究

对采自河南董寨国家级自然保护区的白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticus reevesii)卵壳样品进行了检测和研究,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了卵壳的超微结构,采用电感偶合等离子体光谱仪测定了卵壳中的化学元素.结果表明:白冠长尾雉卵壳的表面晶体层、栅栏锥体层和壳膜层的厚度分别为20.8,220.8和62.5μm,分别占卵壳总厚度的6.8%,72.6%和20.6%;栅栏层有很多蜂窝小孔,其直径为(0.32±0.08)μm(n=30);卵壳表面有许多圆形或椭圆形的气孔,可能与胚胎发育过程中的气体交换有关,气孔横断面呈细漏斗状,在其上半部有颗粒状填充物.同时比较了白冠长尾雉野生和笼养个体未孵化卵壳中21种化学元素的含量,发现在组成卵壳的化学元素中,野生白冠长尾雉的Ca,Mg,P,S的质量分数w>1 mg.g-1,其中Ca含量超过卵壳元素总含量的40%;Na,Si,S,K和Al次之,w=0.1~1mg.g-1;Fe,Zn,Pb,Mn,Cu,V,Ti元素的w=1~100μg.g-1;Ni,Cr,Co,Se,Cd的含量最低,w<1μg.g-1.与野生个体的卵壳相比,保护区人工饲养的白冠长尾雉的卵壳成分有显著差异,其中S,Cu,Fe,Al,Mn,Si,Sr,Se,Cr等元素野生个体与笼养个体相比,同种元素在不同个体上w的差异均达到20%以上.饲养个体对Fe,Mn,Si和Sr等4种元素摄入明显不足,而S,Cu,Al,Se,Cr等元素则显著偏高,这可能是造成董寨自然保护区白冠长尾雉卵受精率较低的主要原因.建议适当调整饲料中这些元素的配比,以保证饲养条件下白冠长尾雉拥有良好的营养供给,从而提高人工繁殖的成功率.     

高山鸡卵壳及壳膜超微结构的观察

以捷描电镜观察了高山雪鸡卵壳和壳膜的超微结构。其卵壳由５层构成，由内向外分别是基层，乳突层，栅栏层，结晶层和护膜层。气道外孔有盖层。栅栏层有少量气泡。壳膜由３层膜构成，外层和中层为纤维膜，内层为非纤维结构的平滑的薄膜。本项观察发现了引导栅栏层形成的钙化桥。     

大苇莺卵壳的扫描电镜观察

在扫描电镜下观察大苇莺卵壳主要由壳膜层、乳锥层、柱状层和表层等超微结构构成。不同形态的壳膜纤维交错成网状,呈多层排列,其上有球状、茬状、火柴状芽突和纤维孔;有的纤维伸入壳内,可能参与气孔膜状内壁的形成。乳锥层由多角形锥体、锥突、锥核及锚连纤维构成,气孔开口于锥体间或锥突上,柱状层最厚,为壳功能的主体,含有大量气孔,气孔内有隔膜和球状塞,有助于控制气流和通气状况,保证胚胎发育过程气体交换的需要,开口于表层的气孔外口由钙结晶微球和护膜封闭,可保护胚胎免受细菌的侵袭,防止水分的丧失。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.