拟南芥MtN3/saliva基因家族分析

MtN3/saliva基因家族是含有2个MtN3/saliva跨膜结构域的膜整合蛋白,其成员广泛存在于真核生物中.目前对该家族功能研究较少,对其跨膜结构域的分子功能还不清楚.在拟南芥中该家族有18个成员,除了最近克隆的RPGl以外其他MtN3/saliva基因的功能均不清楚.对拟南芥MtN3/saliva基因家族进行了较为全面的分析,包括基因结构、染色体分布、蛋白结构域、系统进化关系、基因表达谱等.对其中预测在花药中高表达的4个基因进行了实时定量PCR分析,证实有3个基因在花中高效表达.这些结果促进了对MtN3/saliva基因家族的深入了解.     

甘蓝型油菜SHR蛋白基因鉴定与结构分析

植物SHR蛋白属于GRAS蛋白转录因子家族,保守羧基端含有VHIID结构域,氨基端不保守,参与调控植物物质合成和生长发育.参照拟南芥At SHR基因的CDS序列,采用生物信息学的方法在甘蓝型油菜数据库中鉴定出3个Bn SHR基因,进而分析其基因结构、生化特性、进化关系和蛋白结构.研究结果显示3个Bn SHR基因中有2个位于C基因组(来源于甘蓝)上,1个位于A基因组(来源于白菜);3个Bn SHR基因的氨基酸序列一致性为88.25%,与At SHR基因在进化上也高度同源,SHR基因在结构和功能上保守;亚细胞定位预测显示Bn SHR蛋白可能定位于过氧化物酶体,参与种子萌发过程中脂肪转变为糖分的过程;PHYRE2预测了Bn SHR蛋白的三级结构,由于序列的差异性导致了氨基末端处结构相差较大,但VHIID保守区结构类似,为β-折叠.     

桃树抗寒相关的叶绿体新基因PpRBD1的克隆及特征分析

为确定桃树细胞质抗寒相关基因,依据模式植物拟南芥中抗寒相关的RBD1基因,结合桃基因组数据设计并克隆到一个桃PpRBD1基因。该基因全长2 230 bp,编码513个氨基酸;结构域分析显示,该氨基酸序列含有RRM(RNA recognition motif)保守结构域,是与拟南芥RBD1同源的蛋白;亚细胞定位预测表明,该基因编码的蛋白可能在叶绿体中表达。该基因可能在桃抵抗寒冷胁迫中发挥重要作用。     

拟南芥中一个参与热胁迫应答基因功能的初步研究

在拟南芥中发现了一个受热诱导的基因At4g19430,经Real time PCR分析表明该基因受热诱导后表达量显著升高.组织特性的分析发现其在拟南芥不同组织中均有表达,但在叶中表达量最高.亚细胞定位结果表明At4g19430蛋白定位在细胞质中.筛选并鉴定了该基因的突变体,并分析了其在热胁迫时的表型,结果表明该基因的突变体对热胁迫非常敏感,在热胁迫的条件下突变体存活率明显下降.     

拟南芥AtRAC在盐胁迫应答中的功能研究

本实验所研究的拟南芥AtRAC含有两个RING结构域和三个蛋白激酶C保守区域1结构域即C1结构域.通过体外泛素化证明了AtRAC具有E3连接酶活性,亚细胞定位实验结果表明AtRAC定位在细胞核中.组织特异性分析表明AtRAC在根中的表达量很高,但是在茎、叶和花中的表达量较低,而且AtRAC的表达受到NaCl胁迫的诱导.进一步对atrac突变体的分析表明,在NaCl处理下,突变体atrac的萌发率降低,侧根数目也降低.初步研究表明拟南芥AtRAC可能是一个与盐胁迫应答相关的基因.     

拟南芥中参与盐胁迫应答的基因 At1g14260的功能初探

拟南芥中未知基因At1g14260的表达受到多种非生物胁迫的诱导, 特别是在NaCl的诱导下, At1g14260的表达量明显增加. 对T DNA插入突变体at1g14260(salk 118406)的分析表明, 敲除了基因At1g14260的拟南芥相比野生型对盐胁迫更加敏感. 此外, 构建了融合表达载体PBi221 At1g14260 GFP并且成功转入拟南芥原生质体中, 在荧光显微镜下观察到融合蛋白定位于原生质体细胞核中. 因此, At1g14260可能参与了拟南芥中盐胁迫的过程.     

苦荞CCT基因家族生物信息学及表达分析

CCT转录因子在调控植物花期、生长发育及抗非生物胁迫等方面发挥着重要的功能。本研究以拟南芥AtCCT基因家族为参考序列,利用本地BLAST并结合保守结构域等生物信息学工具,筛选出苦荞FtCCT基因家族成员,并对其理化性质、染色体分布、基因结构、系统进化及表达水平进行分析。结果显示:从苦荞中共鉴定出35个FtCCT基因,含1-8个内含子;编码蛋白有117-753个氨基酸残基,等电点为4.96-9.51,均为亲水性蛋白。染色体定位分析表明,这些基因在8条染色体上均有分布。苦荞FtCCT基因家族含有10个保守基序和5个保守结构域,且都含有CCT保守结构域。系统进化分析表明,苦荞的FtCCT基因家族与拟南芥一样可分为3个亚家族,其中CMF亚家族的成员最多。35个FtCCT基因在苦荞根、茎、叶和花中的表达水平具有差异性,在叶和花中具有高表达量的成员较多,只有少数的成员在根和茎中高表达。本研究为进一步解析CCT基因调控苦荞花期及生长发育奠定基础。     

拟南芥At5g66070基因在ABA处理下的初步研究

本研究以拟南芥为实验材料,探索基因At5g66070在植物激素ABA处理条件下的相关生理功能.结果表明,在10μMABA处理下,该基因的表达量明显升高,表明该基因受到ABA的诱导.亚细胞定位发现AT5G66070定位在细胞核.通过DNA及RNA水平筛选鉴定At5g66070基因T-DNA插入纯合突变体,然后经根瘤农杆菌介导法进行遗传转化,筛选获得过表达转基因株系.表型分析发现经ABA处理后,突变体相对于野生型而言根长较短,表明突变体对ABA更为敏感.气孔关闭实验发现10μM ABA能诱导突变体气孔关闭,而野生型和过表达无显著影响.以上结果表明At5g66070在拟南芥的ABA胁迫响应中起负调控作用.     

菠菜SoSWEET蛋白家族基因鉴定与表达分析

以现有菠菜基因组信息为基础,通过生物信息学方法筛选鉴定16个菠菜SoSWEET蛋白家族成员,命名为SoSWEET1~SoSWEET16.氨基酸残基数量在648~1 140之间,分子质量在54 070.32~95 868.64 u之间,理论等电点（pI）在5.06~5.19之间.亚细胞定位预测有6个SoSWEET蛋白定位于细胞膜,5个SoSWEET蛋白定位于内质网,5个SoSWEET蛋白定位于细胞膜、内质网.系统进化分析将菠菜SoSWEET蛋白家族分成4个亚族,在此基础上对基因结构、保守基序、顺式作用调控元件等进行分析.共鉴定了10个高度保守基序,其中所有菠菜SoSWEET蛋白都包含基序1,2和4,是构成菠菜SoSWEET蛋白中最高度保守的部分.所有菠菜SoSWEET蛋白家族成员都含MtN3_slv和PQ-loop superfamily结构域.大多数SoSWEET蛋白家族的基因含有5个内含子.顺式作用元件预测结果表明,菠菜SoSWEET基因启动子上包含光响应、生长发育、植物激素响应和逆境胁迫响应等顺式作用元件.组织表达分析表明,所有SoSWEET基因在根、茎、叶和叶柄中都有表达,霜霉病胁迫处理后16个基因表现出不同响应变化.本研究为后续深入研究菠菜SoSWEET蛋白家族成员的功能提供了重要参考.     

一个拟南芥C2H2锌指蛋白的结构域分析

At3g23140是拟南芥中仅含有一个C2H2锌指结构的转录因子,主要含有N端的C2H2锌指结构和C端的类似EAR两个结构域.将〖WTBX〗〖STBX〗At3g23140〖WTBZ〗〖STB3〗中仅含C2H2锌指结构区域不同长度的两个基因片段〖WTBX〗〖STBX〗A1〖WTBZ〗〖STB3〗(240 bp),〖WTBX〗〖STBX〗A2〖STB3〗〖WTBZ〗(410 bp)克隆到植物表达载体pMON530 35S启动子的下游,并转化野生型拟南芥.经过筛选得到稳定遗传的T3代纯合转化子.对转基因植株研究表明, 35S::〖WTBX〗〖STBX〗A2〖STB3〗〖WTBZ〗转基因植株的内源乙烯释放量明显低于野生型,这与〖WTBX〗〖STBX〗At3g23140〖STB3〗〖WTBZ〗插入失活突变体〖WTBX〗〖STBX〗cs16966〖STB3〗〖WTBZ〗的表型是一致的,而35S::〖WTBX〗〖STBX〗A1〖WTBZ〗〖STB3〗转基因植株的内源乙烯释放量与野生型没有明显区别.表明A2片段的过量表达产生了显性抑制的作用,这种显性抑制效应很可能是由于 A2蛋白片段与〖WTBX〗〖STBX〗At3g23140〖STB3〗〖WTBZ〗表达产物所调控的核酸序列竞争结合所导致.而A2片段C端所含有的非锌指结构域是At3g23140蛋白与靶基因序列结合所必需的.     

编码拟南芥含BAG结构域蛋白的原核表达载体构建

生物信息学分析显示,拟南芥基因At5g62390编码一种钙调素结合蛋白,在其钙调素结合结构域有一个BAG(Bcl-2-associated athnogene)结构域存在,与钙调素结构域部分重叠.为了从实验上进一步研究该蛋白的钙调素结合特征及BAG结构域在钙调素结合中可能的调节作用,通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增不同结构域编码区的cDNA序列,构建到原核表达载体pET32-a中.测序分析表明:目的序列已正确克隆到表达载体上,为进一步表达目的蛋白及其不同结构域用于生化功能鉴定打下了基础.     

A CHASE domain containing protein kinase OsCRL4, represents a new AtCRE1-like gene family in rice

AtCRE1 is known to be a cytokinin receptor inArabidopsis. The AtCRE1 protein contains CHASE domain at the N-terminal part, followed by a transmitter (histidine kinase) domain and two receiver domains. The N-terminal CHASE domain of AtCRE1 contains putative recognition sites for cytokinin. Five CHASE domains containing proteins were found in rice, OsCRLla, OsCRLlb, OsCRL2, OsCRL3, and OsCRL4. OsCRL1a, OsCRL1b, OsCRL2 and OsCRL3 contain the four domains existing in CRE1, whereas OsCRL4 only contains the CHASE domain and a putative Ser/Thr protein kinase domain The authors cloned the encoding gene OsCRL4 and found that it represents a new member of the cytokinin receptor protein in rice.     

Isolation of cDNAs Enconding Two Distinct Transcription Factors Binding to DRE cis-acting Element Involved in Cold- and drought-induced Expression of Arabidopsis rd29A Gene

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Crystal structure of Rac1 in complex with the guanine nucleotide exchange region of Tiam1

The principal guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho family G proteins contain tandem Dbl-homology (DH) and pleckstrin-homology (PH) domains that catalyse nucleotide exchange and the activation of G proteins. Here we have determined the crystal structure of the DH and PH domains of the T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis factor 1 (Tiam1) protein in complex with its cognate Rho family G protein, Rac1. The two switch regions of Rac1 are stabilized in conformations that disrupt both magnesium binding and guanine nucleotide interaction. The resulting cleft in Rac1 is devoid of nucleotide and highly exposed to solvent. The PH domain of Tiam1 does not contact Rac1, and the position and orientation of the PH domain is markedly altered relative to the structure of the uncomplexed, GTPase-free DH/PH element from Sos1. The Tiam1/Rac1 structure highlights the interactions that catalyse nucleotide exchange on Rho family G proteins, and illustrates structural determinants dictating specificity between individual Rho family members and their associated Dbl-related guanine nucleotide exchange factors.     

木榄细胞膜Na~+/H~+逆向运输蛋白BgSOS1功能的初步验证

根据木榄BgSOS1的序列信息从木榄中克隆到了全长的BgSOS1基因,该片段包含1个3 462 bp的开放阅读框,可编码1 153个氨基酸的多肽.生物信息学的分析结果表明:该氨基酸序列所编码的蛋白与拟南芥、番茄、水稻、小麦、盐芥和杨树的SOS1蛋白高度同源,同源性分别为63.86%,66.61%,62.18%,60.19%,63.97%和75.97%;BgSOS1蛋白的N端含有12个跨膜的结构域,C端为1个较长的胞内结构域.尽管单个BgSOS1的表达并不能提高转基因酵母的抗盐性,但SOS1,SOS2和SOS3共表达的酵母,其抗盐性明显提高,这表明SOS2/SOS3蛋白激酶复合体可能通过调控BgSOS1的Na+/H+交换功能来提高木榄的抗盐机理.     

CO2 regulator SLAC1 and its homologues are essential for anion homeostasis in plant cells

The continuing rise in atmospheric [CO2] is predicted to have diverse and dramatic effects on the productivity of agriculture, plant ecosystems and gas exchange. Stomatal pores in the epidermis provide gates for the exchange of CO2 and water between plants and the atmosphere, processes vital to plant life. Increased [CO2] has been shown to enhance anion channel activity proposed to mediate efflux of osmoregulatory anions (Cl- and malate(2-)) from guard cells during stomatal closure. However, the genes encoding anion efflux channels in plant plasma membranes remain unknown. Here we report the isolation of an Arabidopsis gene, SLAC1 (SLOW ANION CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED 1, At1g12480), which mediates CO2 sensitivity in regulation of plant gas exchange. The SLAC1 protein is a distant homologue of bacterial and fungal C4-dicarboxylate transporters, and is localized specifically to the plasma membrane of guard cells. It belongs to a protein family that in Arabidopsis consists of four structurally related members that are common in their plasma membrane localization, but show distinct tissue-specific expression patterns. The loss-of-function mutation in SLAC1 was accompanied by an over-accumulation of the osmoregulatory anions in guard cell protoplasts. Guard-cell-specific expression of SLAC1 or its family members resulted in restoration of the wild-type stomatal responses, including CO2 sensitivity, and also in the dissipation of the over-accumulated anions. These results suggest that SLAC1-family proteins have an evolutionarily conserved function that is required for the maintenance of organic/inorganic anion homeostasis on the cellular level.     

Role of PHABULOSA and PHAVOLUTA in determining radial patterning in shoots

The upper side of the angiosperm leaf is specialized for efficient capture of sunlight whereas the lower side is specialized for gas exchange. In Arabidopsis, the establishment of polarity in the leaf probably requires the generation and perception of positional information along the radial (adaxial versus abaxial or central versus peripheral) dimension of the plant. This is because the future upper (adaxial) side of the leaf develops from cells closer to the centre of the shoot, whereas the future under (abaxial) side develops from cells located more peripherally. Here we implicate the Arabidopsis PHABULOSA and PHAVOLUTA genes in the perception of radial positional information in the leaf primordium. Dominant phabulosa (phb) and phavoluta (phv) mutations cause a dramatic transformation of abaxial leaf fates into adaxial leaf fates. They do so by altering the predicted sterol/lipid-binding domains of ATHB14 and ATHB9, proteins of previously unknown function that also contain DNA-binding motifs. This change probably renders the protein constitutively active, implicating this domain as a central regulator of protein function and the PHB and PHV proteins as receptors for an adaxializing signal.     

拟南芥AHA2基因的生物信息学分析

利用生物信息学方法对拟南芥AHA2(H+-ATPase 2)基因编码蛋白的理化性质、保守结构域、疏水性/亲水性、信号肽、跨膜结构域、磷酸化修饰、二级结构和系统进化等进行了预测和分析。结果表明:AHA2属于拟南芥H+-ATPase家族成员;拟南芥AHA2基因编码的蛋白与荠菜的亲缘关系最近,具有较高的相似性。本研究的结果将为进一步研究其生物学功能提供一定的参考依据。