沥青混合料室内加速热氧老化特性与预估研究

为了探明沥青混合料室内加速热氧老化的特性并进行预估,研究采用沥青混合料加速老化系统,利用阿布森法回收沥青进行相关指标测试,建立了与LTOA老化时间与温度的对应关系,对SBSⅠ-C改性沥青AC-13沥青混合料进行加速老化试验,并基于试验结果建立了沥青混合料加速老化性能衰减预估方程。研究结果表明：对沥青混合料在175℃下进行老化后回收的沥青与原样沥青旋转薄膜烘箱加热试验在相同老化时间内的技术指标相仿;随着老化时间的延长,沥青混合料的残留稳定度、TSR逐渐降低;动稳定度逐渐升高;本文所建立的沥青混合料加速老化性能衰减预估方程与试验数据具有较高的相关性。     

沥青混合料室内加速热氧老化特性与预估

为了探明沥青混合料室内加速热氧老化的特性并进行预估,研究采用沥青混合料加速老化系统,利用阿布森法回收沥青进行相关指标测试,建立了与LTOA老化时间与温度的对应关系。对SBSⅠ-C改性沥青AC-13沥青混合料进行加速老化试验;并基于试验结果建立了沥青混合料加速老化性能衰减预估方程。研究结果表明:对沥青混合料在175℃下进行老化后回收的沥青与原样沥青旋转薄膜烘箱加热试验在相同老化时间内的技术指标相仿;随着老化时间的延长,沥青混合料的残留稳定度、TSR逐渐降低;动稳定度逐渐升高。所建立的沥青混合料加速老化性能衰减预估方程与试验数据具有较高的相关性。     

传统沥青回收方法与集料追踪法对回收沥青性能对比分析

通过分析传统沥青回收方法——阿布森法和旋转蒸发器法对回收沥青性能的影响,得出传统沥青回收方法会造成回收沥青的二次老化,影响沥青性能的正确评价,进而介绍相对简单适用的集料追踪法.以动态剪切流变仪和傅里叶红外光谱仪为测试手段,研究了三氯乙烯对沥青的直接影响,对比了传统沥青回收方法与集料追踪法对回收沥青性能的影响,并研究了集料类型和是否采用抽提技术两个因素对回收沥青性能的影响.试验结果表明:传统抽提回收技术得到的沥青试样不能完全代表实际的沥青性能.采用集料追踪法得到的沥青更能体现沥青在混合料中的作用,其不会造成回收沥青的二次老化.     

排水性沥青混合料低温性能的探讨

针对高寒多年冻土区特点,分析排水性沥青混合料低温性能的影响因素及评价方法,为保证低温性能,首先对3种改性沥青的原样、薄膜老化(TFOT)样品、压力老化(PAV)样品进行常规指标试验、-12℃弯曲流变仪(BBR)试验,评价沥青胶结料的低温性能;然后,对几种沥青成型的排水性沥青混合料进行约束试件温度应力试验(TSRST),评价排水性沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能,并通过与长期老化试件TSRST试验结果的对比,分析老化对排水性沥青混合料低温性能的影响。研究结果表明:沥青胶结料BBR试验的劲度模量与排水性沥青混合料的TSRST试验结果有很好的一致性;老化后的排水性沥青混合料冻断温度升高、冻断应力减小,低温性能降低;排水性沥青混合料的冻断应力约为密级配沥青混合料的1/3,冻断温度相近,2种类型沥青混合料低温性能相差不明显。     

SBS改性沥青老化后的动态力学性能

为了研究老化对苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青动态力学性能的影响,通过1种基质沥青和4种SBS改性沥青的常规试验和动态剪切流变试验(DSR),分析比较了原样沥青、旋转薄膜烘箱(RTFO)老化沥青和压力老化(PAV)沥青的试验结果.研究表明:常规试验难以反映改性和非改性沥青老化后性能的差异;DSR试验则可准确地描述老化作用对改性沥青性能的影响.通过傅立叶转换红外线光谱(FTIR)试验和胶凝渗透色谱法(GPC)试验分析了SBS改性沥青的老化机理,表明SBS改性沥青的老化是由基质沥青的氧化硬化和SBS老化降解共同作用的结果,且DSR试验更能揭示聚合物改性沥青的老化特点.     

不同老化程度下沥青流变力学性能

为了确定不同老化程度下的一种90号道路石油沥青对温度敏感度的变化,以及评价不同老化程度下沥青的流变力学性能,借助剪切模量、劲度模量和车辙因子等流变性能指标,通过弯曲蠕变劲度试验(BBR)与流变性质试验(DSR)法,利用沥青路面表面温度模型,得到了沥青在不同老化程度下的流变力学性能变化与沥青适用性指标。研究结果表明,沥青老化会提高沥青车辙因子对温度的敏感程度,影响程度在52.87%左右;沥青老化会降低沥青弯曲蠕变劲度对温度的敏感程度,短期老化与压力老化的影响程度分别为5%和21%;沥青的老化使得沥青的蠕变曲线斜率m平均下降8.21%。     

木质素改性沥青的温度敏感性分析

为探究短期老化对不同掺量木质素改性沥青的温度敏感性的影响,采用基于针入度试验及动态剪切流变试验的温度敏感性评价方法,对经过短期老化前后不同木质素掺量的沥青试样进行了评价与分析。结果表明:木质素的掺入可有效降低基质沥青温度敏感性;采用复数指数法(CNI)评价木质素改性沥青温度敏感性更具优势,主要是木质素的掺入提高基质沥青的储存模量(G'),增加沥青弹性部分。相比于基质沥青,短期老化对于木质素改性沥青而言,并不是加快老化进程,而是使得木质素与沥青进一步增容的物理变化过程。为木质素改性沥青制备工艺确定与高温温度性评价进一步研究提供了参考。     

就地热再生高温加热对不同深度老化沥青流变性能的影响

为了研究就地热再生施工时高温加热(大于200℃)对不同深度老化沥青流变性能的影响,采用红外热像仪测量各个加热阶段的路表温度,分别采用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)、弯曲梁流变仪(BBR)试验测试高温加热后不同深度老化沥青的高低温流变性能。结果表明:加热后的路表温度高达240℃,同一横截面上存在温度离析;高温加热主要使上面层表面2 cm沥青(RS2)发生二次老化,加热后不同深度沥青老化梯度增大;高温加热后RS2的温度敏感性增加,高温性能增强,低温性能衰减较快。结论可为优化就地热再生老化沥青胶结料性能评价提供理论参考。     

不同标号沥青SHRP试验对比分析研究

SHRP沥青试验方法以流变学为基础,不同温度范围内有相应的流变仪与之对应.其中使用最普通的有DSR动态剪切流变仪、BBR弯曲梁流变仪和Brookfield旋转粘度计.它们分别用于测定超常温(40～82℃)、低温(-5℃以下)、高温(100℃以上)下改性及非改性沥青的流变指标,且各指标与沥青路用性能有直接关联.通过对中海油泰州牌的3种不同标号的沥青(AH-30#,AH-50#,AH-70#)及其RTFOT残留沥青、PAV残留沥青进行简支梁弯曲试验(BBR)和动态剪切试验(DSR),来对比分析这3种沥青的性能,并最终确定其路用性能等级.     

木质素改性沥青温度敏感性分析

为探究不同掺量木质素改性沥青的温度敏感性,采用基于针入度试验及动态剪切流变试验的温度敏感性评价方法,对经过短期老化前后不同木质素掺量的沥青试样进行了评价与分析。结果表明：木质素的掺入可有效降低基质沥青温度敏感性;采用复数指数法（CNI）评价木质素改性沥青温度敏感性更具优势,主要是木质素的掺入提高基质沥青的储存模量（G′）,增加沥青弹性部分;相比于基质沥青,短期老化对于木质素改性沥青而言,并不是加快老化进程,而是使得木质素与沥青进一步增容的物理变化过程。为木质素改性沥青制备工艺确定与高温温度性评价进一步研究提供了参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with