水源水有机物污染与监测

近年来,水源水受到有机物的污染十分严重,据统计,我国饮用水受有机物污染的人口约1．6亿,研究发现水中有机化学污染物共有2200多种。国内有人对水源水有机污染物的种类和污染状况,以GDX树脂富集、气相色谱——质谱（GC／MS）进行分析,结果在水源水中共检出87种有机化舍物,且多种为毒害有机污染物。水中有机化学物质的污染对人体健康影响引起了全世界的广泛关注。     

某市市郊河水及井水中有机污染物分析

本文应用 XAD-2树脂吸附富集井水中痕量有机污染物,用 GC/MS/DS定性鉴定出40种组分。分析结果为追踪污染源,寻找引起该地区各种疾病的原因和制订地下水有机物污染防治方案提供了基础性工作。     

应用生物吸附剂修复石油污染土壤(英文)

采用生物碳吸附剂(植物性碳吸附材料表面固定本土石油氧化微生物)对污染土壤中的不同石油组分降解性能进行了研究。结果表明,10~14天后石油生物降解率达到40%~50%,30~40天后石油污染物降解率超过90%,土壤中石油烃含量下降至2%~3%,剩余的石油污染物中,饱和分与芳香分含量明显降低,而胶质与沥青质含量显著增加。在乌克兰与俄罗斯油田采油与炼油企业进行了生物碳吸附剂的示范试验,结果表明,该吸附剂对土壤中的石油污染物具有较高的降解率,结果令人满意。     

大庆土壤中石油类污染物迁移模拟

针对大庆油田的原油与土壤特点,通过室内土柱模拟,研究了石油类有机污染物对油田土壤环境的污染状况.实验结果表明,虽然石油类污染物是从地表逐渐向下迁移,但在模拟的6年内污染物的最大迁移深度约为25～30cm,而且大于90%的污染物主要分布于10 cm以上的土壤中,另外,石油类有机污染物在大庆市典型黑钙土中的相对迁移能力与正构烷烃的分子量及芳香烃的环数成反比.研究证实,大庆市典型土壤对石油类有机污染物具有很强的吸附截留能力,绝大部分污染物被截留在土壤表层,因此大庆油田土壤石油污染的防治重点应放在浅层土壤中.     

芦苇修复新疆石油污染土壤效果

考察芦苇对新疆污染土壤石油烃的处理效能、石油烃对芦苇生长的影响及不同石油污染度条件下芦苇根际微生物数量的变化。研究结果表明:经过123 d的芦苇修复,石油烃去除率可到41.21%～62.14%,明显高于空白样(19.75%～37.92%),其中饱和烃去除效果最好,可达60.52%～73.11%;芦苇对原油污染具有较好的耐受性,在土壤石油污染率低于1.25%情况下能够有效促进土壤中石油烃的去除;芦苇根际土壤中微生物数量与原油降解率呈正相关关系,芦苇根际效应促进原油降解菌数量的增加和活性的增强;芦苇的修复以根际效应为主,芦苇根际恰当的微生物类群为土壤原油降解提供有利保障。     

不同处理条件下污染土壤中石油降解率的变化

本实验利用盆栽进行实验,研究了土壤中不同浓度石油和培养天数对土壤中石油降解率的影响.研究结果表明:石油的浓度、培养时间以及微生物菌剂浓度对石油降解率影响均较大.当石油污染物的最适浓度大于5.0%而小于10.0%时,菌剂浓度4.0%,植物与微生物联合降解石油污染物时效果明显,降解率可达78.7%.当石油浓度超过10.0%时会对微生物产生毒害,有的甚至直接杀死微生物.通过本实验,我们可以为进一步研究石油污染提供理论支持.     

中原油田洒落原油对地下水污染的研究

洒落石油对地下水的污染主要分布在井下作业频繁的采油井井场内。在原油污染中心地带，表层土壤受污染最重，边缘地带稍轻；原油组分中非饱和烃运移能力最强；在天然条件下，原油污染物自然降解率较小；在污染区内，包气带中油污染向下运移并不与表层油污染浓度成正比。油污染在包气带中迁移受油污染浓度大小的控制，当石油污染物的浓度大于近似残余饱和度，污染物向下迁移，对地下水产生污染。     

N市自来水非挥发性有机物分析及致突变性研究

基层编号 994304 完成单位及南京市卫生防疫站: 非挥性分析 主要人员谢国祥、贾力敏、杜雪飞 该研究应用GC/MS、Ames试验和微核试验相结合的方法,检测了2家水厂水样有机浓集物的非挥发性有机物及致突变性.结果表明,源水、出厂水共检出非挥发性有机物43种,致突变性大小的顺序依次为出厂永＞末梢水＞源水＞滤池出水.源水已受到有机诱变物的污染,但更主要系氯化消毒所产生的副反应.该成果在同类研究中达到国内先进水平.     

浅析石油污染土壤的微生物修复研究现状

土壤环境中存在的石油类污染物破坏生态系统,危害人体健康。采用微生物法修复石油污染土壤成本较低、效率高并且不会产生二次污染。本文结合了国内外最新研究成果,介绍了土壤中石油污染的来源、危害及防治对策,并在此基础上重点阐述了土壤石油污染微生物修复研究现状、微生物降解石油的机理以及修复过程的影响因素,讨论了这一技术的发展趋势及运用前景。     

复合菌剂修复石油污染土壤的影响因素研究

利用微生物降解土壤中的石油污染物,具有良好的应用前景。实验模拟研究了营养物（N、P）、电子受体（H2O2）、含水量和表面活性剂（TW80、SDS）等多因素对复合菌剂修复石油污染土壤的影响。实验针对四个影响因素,设计了正交实验,得到实验结果表明,营养物、电子受体、水和活性剂对微生物修复石油污染土壤都具有较大影响,当添加C∶N∶P为400∶6∶1、H2O2为10 mg/g、水为30%和阴离子活性剂0.6 mg/g时,复合菌剂降解土壤中石油的效率可达到73.2%。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to