旋涂次数对NiO薄膜结构和光透过性能的影响

以乙酸镍为前驱体溶液采用溶胶-凝胶旋涂法按不同旋涂次数(1~5次)在玻璃衬底上制备NiO薄膜.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-VIS)等表征手段对样品的晶格结构、表面形貌、透射光谱进行测试.结果表明旋涂次数的适当增加并不能使薄膜厚度明显增加而是有助于修复所制备薄膜的结晶质量;并且随着旋涂次数的增加晶粒尺寸变大使薄膜的晶界和缺陷增多,增强了薄膜的光散射性能降低了光透过性能.当旋涂次数为3次时,所制备的NiO薄膜的结晶质量较高、表面光滑致密并具有较好的光透过性能,在可见光范围内平均透过率达到80%以上.     

不同衬底对NiO薄膜结构和光透过性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶旋涂法分别以玻璃和ITO为衬底,制备出具有较高光透过性能的NiO薄膜.进而利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、薄膜测厚仪和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-VIS)分别表征了NiO薄膜的晶粒结构、表面形貌、薄膜厚度及光透过性能,并计算了薄膜的光学带隙值.结果表明:不同的衬底对NiO薄膜的结构和光透过性能具有一定的影响;在玻璃衬底上制备的NiO薄膜晶粒尺寸大小均一且沿NiO(200)择优生长,而在ITO衬底上制备的NiO薄膜晶粒尺寸较小且薄膜厚度较薄.两者在可见光范围内的平均透过率均达到80%左右,但在ITO衬底上制备的NiO薄膜在500nm左右有明显的吸收现象.并且在玻璃衬底上制备的NiO薄膜光学带隙值达到3.95eV.     

K掺杂量对氧化锌薄膜晶体结构和光学性能的影响

利用溶胶-凝胶旋涂法(sol-gel)在玻璃衬底上制备了不同K掺杂量的K-N共掺ZnO薄膜.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和光致发光谱(PL)对样品的晶体结构、表面形貌和光学性能进行了表征.结果表明:与未掺杂样品相比,K-N元素共掺之后,薄膜结构仍保持六方纤锌矿型且沿c轴择优生长;随着K掺杂量的增加,样品的(002)衍射峰强度先增强后减弱,而对薄膜的紫外发光峰影响不大.当K掺杂量(原子比)为0.060时,晶粒尺寸最大,结晶性能最优,紫外发光峰强度相对较大.利用紫外-可见分光光度计对薄膜的光学透过率进行研究,结果表明不同K掺杂量的K-N共掺ZnO薄膜其光透过率没有明显变化,均维持在80%左右.     

衬底温度对ZnO：Al薄膜结构和光透过性能的影响

利用超声喷雾热解方法以不同的沉积温度（450～530℃）在石英衬底上制备出具备较高光学质量的ZnO：Al（AZO）薄膜.通过X射线衍射谱（XRD）研究了薄膜的结构,用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了薄膜的表面形貌,用紫外可见（UV）分光光度计对薄膜的光透过特性进行了测试分析.结果表明：所制备薄膜在可见波段具有较高透过率,并且沉积温度对AZO薄膜的结构和光透过性能有很大影响.在衬底温度为470℃时得到的AZO薄膜具有（002）择优取向,结晶质量最好、光透过率最高,在可见光区平均透过率达到85%以上.     

Al掺杂量对N-Al共掺ZnO薄膜光学性能的影响

利用超声喷雾热解方法以不同的Al掺杂量在石英衬底上制备了N-Al共掺ZnO薄膜,并对其光学性能进行了研究.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV)和光致发光谱(PL)表征了样品的晶体结构、表面形貌、透过率和光致发光性能.结果表明:所制备薄膜具有较高光学质量,并且Al掺杂量对N-Al共掺ZnO薄膜的光学性能有很大影响,当n(Zn)∶n(N)∶n(Al)=1∶3∶0.12时,UV光谱的吸收边蓝移最多,带隙展宽最大.PL谱测试结果显示此样品近带边紫外发光峰蓝移至384.9nm.     

ZnO缓冲层厚度对Al掺杂ZnO薄膜性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射法在不同厚度的ZnO缓冲层上制备了A1掺杂ZnO(AZO)薄膜.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-VIS)和荧光分光光度计(PL)等表征技术,研究了AZO薄膜的微观结构、表面形貌和发光特性.XRD分析结果表明,加入适当厚度的ZnO缓冲层后可有效地降低晶格失配...     

Sn掺杂量对Sn-Mg共掺杂ZnO薄膜光电性能的影响

采用超声喷雾热解法在石英衬底上制备了Sn-Mg共掺的ZnO纳米薄膜.借助X射线衍射仪(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),光致发光谱(PL谱),紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和伏安特性曲线(I-V)等测试手段研究了Sn掺杂量的改变对薄膜的结构、形貌和光电性能的影响.结果表明,适量的Sn掺杂可以提高薄膜的表面形貌和光电性能.随着Sn掺杂量的增加,薄膜的(101)衍射峰强度、紫外发光峰、透过率和导电率都是先增加后减小,带隙能量值从3.350eV增加到3.651eV,并且平均透过率均在80%～87%之间.当Sn掺杂量为0.004时,薄膜结晶质量最好,表面最致密,晶粒大小最均匀,紫外发光峰强度最大,导电率最高.     

射频溅射Si膜的微结构与光学性质研究

采用射频磁控溅射法,在300℃衬底温度下制备了不同厚度的Si薄膜,用X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见分光光度计和原子力显微镜(AFM)分别对薄膜的微结构、光学性质及表面形貌进行了测试分析.结果表明:不同时间下制备的Si膜均呈多晶状态;在中红外波段内出现了很强的Si-Si吸收峰;在紫外可见光范围,随着膜厚的增加,Si膜的透过率减弱;AFM测出Si膜的颗粒平均直径在5.65~8.41 nm之间.     

聚对二甲苯防潮薄膜的研究

采用原子力显微镜、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计的测试方法,对聚对二甲苯薄膜的表面形貌、组成和光学性能进行研究.实验结果表明:真空气相沉积工艺制备的聚对二甲苯薄膜表面光滑均匀.薄膜主要由含氯取代基的苯环和亚甲基组成,表面有微量的C—O键生成.薄膜在可见-近红外波段的光透过率超过80%.聚对二甲苯薄膜包覆的变色硅胶浸入水中的防潮变色时间可达150 d,防潮性能明显优于传统的环氧树脂、聚氨酯等材料.薄膜的激光损伤阈值为4 J.cm-2(1 064 nm,1 ns).     

TiO2薄膜折射率的调控方法

采用电子束蒸发技术及其辅助工艺制备了TiO2薄膜,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对薄膜的组织结构进行了表征,采用紫外可见分光光度计研究了TiO2薄膜的折射率变化.结果表明:传统电子束蒸发镀制的TiO2薄膜的折射率低于块体值,通过调节氧气压、沉积速率和衬底温度可在1.97～2...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…