色彩与人格——人工神经网络在心理测验中的应用研究

本文试用人工神经网络结合主成分分析的方法对人们的颜色偏爱与人格之间的关系进行探讨，并对颜色偏爱与人格特质间多对一的性质特征进行验证，结果证实：（1）人工神经网络方法相当精确地揭示了颜色偏爱和人格特质之间预测关系。颜色偏爱在某一程度上，可以作为人格特质的指示器。这样就为传统的人格心理测验提供了一个新的方向，即通过简短的颜色偏好测验，然后通过人工神经网络的方法来解释预测人们的人格特质。（2）聚类分析方法证实了本研究的假设，即颜色偏爱与人格特质之间存在多对一的关系。     

基于孟塞尔等式的施色面积关系的探究

在色彩设计中无论各个色彩元素之间的关系多么复杂,排除造型因素其本质都是各种色彩元素的三要素（即色相、明度、饱和度）与其面积之间的关系,然而关于具体色彩设计施色面积的研究工作相关行业或领域基本不涉及定量化问题,这在一定程度上讲是一种缺憾。本文以孟塞尔等式为基础结合数学变换对色彩设计中施色面积定量化的问题进行研究,并结合实际案例对研究成果进行说明。     

大五人格与在校大学生线上知识付费行为研究

大学生群体是线上知识付费的主力军,了解大学生人格特质与线上知识付费行为的关系,有助于对学生消费者进行合理范围内的心理预期控制。选取杭州市在校大学生为研究对象进行问卷调查,从大五人格特质(和善性、勤勉审慎性、情绪敏感性、外向性、开放性)出发,研究不同人格特质对大学生线上知识付费感知风险、感知价值的影响。通过实证分析得出:外向性特质对线上知识付费感知经济风险、感知功能风险影响程度最大;情绪敏感性特质对线上知识付费感知社会风险产生影响程度最大;开放性特质对线上知识付费感知价值影响程度最大。根据上述结论提出相关营销建议:对不同特质消费者进行偏好引导、提升付费产品质量、法治化运营线上知识付费产品。     

一种基于压缩感知的图像去马赛克算法

文中提出了一种基于分块压缩感知的图像去马赛克算法.该算法首先将Bayer色彩滤镜阵列采样值等效为压缩感知理论中感知矩阵采样所得的压缩数据.其次通过结合Bayer色彩滤镜阵列自身特点训练分块稀疏字典.最后在训练所得稀疏字典的基础上利用分块压缩感知重构算法便可精确重构出Bayer色彩滤镜阵列采样结果.由于训练所得稀疏字典能有效降低与Bayer色彩滤镜采样阵列之间的相关性,因此文中所提出的图像去马赛克算法能有效对单一Bayer色彩滤镜阵列采样值进行重构.通过实验验证表明：新的图像去马赛克算法明显优于传统插值算法,重构所得彩色图像在去除假色影响的同时能完整保留原始图像的细节信息.     

出行者感知误差下目标导向型双属性用户均衡

提出了目标导向型双属性路径效用模型,用于分析随机交通网络中出行时间和出行时间可靠度两属性影响下出行者的路径选择行为,其中能够达到的目标决定了路径效用的大小。所提出的模型具有3个特点:一是考虑出行者感知误差,从而得到出行时间和出行时间可靠度的感知值;二是基于感知值的边际分布,采用Copula函数刻画感知值间的随机相关性;三是出行者为每个属性赋予特定目标,并且提出了目标间的相互作用,即互补关系。基于所提出的路径效用模型,进一步提出了考虑出行者感知误差的目标导向型双属性用户均衡模型,将其表示为变分不等式问题,采用连续平均算法对其进行求解。最后通过数值实验验证了出行者不同出行行为下的表现和算法的有效性,并对相关参数进行了敏感性分析。提出的模型拓展了出行者路径选择的研究范围。     

色彩意向与设计

我们生活在一个丰富多彩的色彩世界中。作为美术教育工作者,必须了解色彩的起源发展,分析色彩的感知原理,研究色彩的规律变化,进而运用于教学和艺术实践中。色彩的意向与设计,是色彩学、色彩理论中重要且应用广泛的学科,研讨与把握色彩的联想与象征理论规律,运用于教学中,可以指导学生对色彩由规则、具相直接认知转而向感知、发挥的更高艺术层次提升。     

基于量化分析和公众感知的传统村落色彩景观优化研究——以闽南蟳埔村为例

色彩景观是乡土景观的重要组成部分，具有独特的地方性与民族性，色彩景观营建是否得当直接关系到村落个性和风貌的塑造，影响公众对村落景观环境的感受.研究以闽南蟳埔村为例，开展色彩特征量化分析及公众感知定性评价，研究表明：1)蟳埔村环境基底色彩略艳丽明亮杂乱，人工色彩混乱，自然色彩单调，需创造更愉悦和谐、温馨传统的氛围；2)历史人文色彩较丰富艳丽明亮，传统服饰已失去传统色彩特征，传统建筑色彩具有闽南地域特征，需创造更素雅和谐传统的色彩风貌.建议通过色彩景观统筹规划与分级管理，强化蟳埔村地域传统色彩特征，合理规范人工色彩的管理控制，丰富和提升植物景观色彩层次进行色彩景观提升.     

基于任务依赖关系的群体感知模型

分析了群体感知模型的研究现状,发现现有的群体感知模型对任务关系的考虑不够全面,大多数模型仅利用任务间的层次关系进行感知计算,而对任务间的其他依赖关系缺乏考虑.本文首先讨论了任务在群体感知中的重要性,对任务依赖关系进行了深入研究,进而提出一种新的基于任务依赖关系的群体感知模型TBGAM,并重点阐述了TBGAM模型的形式化...     

试论旅游地居民感知的研究体系及其对古村落旅游发展的启示

旅游地居民感知与态度研究是旅游社会学、旅游地理学研究长盛不衰的主题之一.在文献分析的基础上,初步梳理出旅游地居民感知的研究体系,该研究体系主要由居民感知维度与内容、感知差异及其判别指标分析、居民群体和类型划分、居民感知的历时性和共时性比较、居民社区生活质量与满意度感知、居民感知与旅游态度之间的关系模型等构成.针对古村落旅游地分析认为,社区旅游是促进古村落社区发展能力和遗产保护的有效途径,古村落旅游社区的特殊性又决定了社区居民在社区旅游可持续发展和遗产保护中具有关键作用.必须采取有效措施来改善古村落居民对旅游发展的感知与态度.     

矿工大五人格特质对煤矿险兆事件上报的影响

为探讨矿工大五人格特质对煤矿险兆事件上报行为的影响关系,采用中国大五人格问卷简式版和煤矿险兆事件上报量表对陕西地区3所煤矿的329名矿工进行测量。运用SPSS21.0软件对其信效度和相关性进行分析,在此基础上采用多元回归分析研究矿工大五人格特质对煤矿险兆事件上报行为的预测作用,同时考查不安全心理在二者之间的中介作用。结果显示,宜人性人格对险兆事件上报行为(β=0.27,p0.05)具有显著的正向影响;尽责感人格对险兆事件上报行为(β=0.31,p0.05)具有显著的正向影响;神经质人格对煤矿险兆事件上报行为(β=-0.29,p0.05)具有显著的负向影响;外倾性和开放性人格对煤矿险兆事件上报行为不具有影响作用;不安全心理在神经质、宜人感、尽责感3个维度和险兆事件上报行为的关系中起到中介作用。在险兆事件的管理过程中,煤矿可以进行矿工人格特质和岗位匹配度检验,并针对不同的人格特质采取干预手段,消除矿工不安全心理状态,提高险兆事件的上报率,提升煤矿安全管理水平。     

人眼明度视觉空间频率传递特性的研究

为描述人眼视觉系统对空间复杂颜色刺激的信息处理机制,研究人眼视觉系统空间频率信息传递的多通道特性.设计心理物理实验,测量人眼视觉系统在感知均匀色空间CIELAB明度通道上的对比度敏感度数据.实验选取明度轴上5个明度值作为颜色样本,制作明度对比度随正弦波频率调制的图像刺激序列,挑选正常视觉观察者,采集5个明度样本的12个空间频率的对比度敏感度数据.对实验数据进行相关性分析发现:单个明度样本的不同空间频率对应的观察值之间是非线性相关的;随着明度样本数量增多,观察值之间的线性相关性增强.因此,人眼视觉系统对明度颜色通道的信息处理机制可用线性模型描述;明度颜色通道的空间频率传递特性可用3条空间频率调谐曲线表征;3条空间频率调谐曲线作用的频段不同,峰值不同,表现了人眼视觉系统具有不同的空间频率感受野.      

CIECAM02模型对不同光泽度印刷色谱色貌预测评估

采用双目观察与匹配心理物理学实验,对高低两种光泽度半色调调幅网点印刷色谱进行视觉评价,将高光泽度和低光泽度印刷色谱的视觉平均数据分别与CIECAM02模型预测结果进行最小二乘法线性拟合. 结果表明:CIECAM02模型对高光泽度和低光泽度印刷色谱的模型预测结果与视觉平均数据总体成比较好的线性关系;CIECAM02模型对这两种光泽度印刷色谱色调和明度预测是可行的;对于三属性预测而言,同一光源下,高光泽度和低光泽度印刷色谱都是色调预测最好,明度次之,彩度最差;对于同一光源和相同颜色属性,CIECAM02模型对高光泽度印刷色谱的预测精度比低光泽度印刷色谱的预测精度高.      

Apparent surface curvature affects lightness perception

The human visual system has the remarkable capacity to perceive accurately the lightness, or relative reflectance, of surfaces, even though much of the variation in image luminance may be caused by other scene attributes, such as shape and illumination. Most physiological, and computational models of lightness perception invoke early sensory mechanisms that act independently of, or before, the estimation of other scene attributes. In contrast to the modularity of lightness perception assumed in these models are experiments that show that supposedly 'higher-order' percepts of planar surface attributes, such as orientation, depth and transparency, can influence perceived lightness. Here we show that perceived surface curvature can also affect perceived lightness. The results of the earlier experiments indicate that perceiving luminance edges as changes in surface attributes other than reflectance can influence lightness. These results suggest that the interpretation of smooth variations in luminance can also affect lightness percepts.     

计算机视觉系统的二步法颜色恒常性

理论研究表明 ,三色视觉系统在单视野条件下 ,三维颜色恒常性的计算问题只有在一些约束下才能解决。约束选择的合理与否和后续的任务密切相关。针对不同环境光照条件下的人体肤色分割的具体任务 ,提出了一个新的关于三色系统颜色恒常性问题的物理模型 :1 )将视觉系统所获得的原始信息分裂为亮度信息和颜色信息。 2 )将传统的颜色恒常性问题分解为基于亮度的亮度恒常性和基于颜色信息的颜色恒常性 ,并用二维描述子描述等亮度彩色图像中物理表面的颜色特征。该描述子具有颜色恒常的特性。基于颜色的图像分割实验结果表明 ,二步法颜色恒常性技术是一种非常有效的方法。     

Functional dissociation of the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex in the direct and indirect retrieval of color features

Previous studies suggest that the storage/retrieval of object features is related to brain regions that are involved in the processing of these features. However, it remains unclear whether, and under what conditions, retrieving information about a feature reactivates the same region that specifically supports that feature’s perception. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we compared brain activation in the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex during subjects performing a color perception task, and direct and indirect color retrieval tasks. After performing the color perception task to localize the regions responsible for color perception, subjects were intensively trained (outside of the scanner) to remember associations between colors and motion directions, and associations between colors and letters. Then, they were asked to perform two color retrieval tasks in the scanner, with stationary and gray scaled images as control stimuli. The results showed that the bilateral posterior occipito-temporal cortex was activated during the color perception task. When color information was retrieved by direct cues (motion direction), the same bilateral occipito-temporal region was activated. When color information was retrieved indirectly (judging whether a motion direction matched a letter by their associated colors), a region anterior to the color perception region in the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex was additionally activated. Our results provided evidence for the functional dissociation in the two subregions of the ventral occipito-temporal cortex during retrieval of color features: the posterior area might relate to perceptual features of color, while the anterior region might relate to the knowledge of associations with color.     

疗愈环境理念下养老机构的居室色彩搭配设计

结合语义差异法,从老年人的心理、生理特点出发,获取他们对单色色彩样本的语义评价;然后,根据灰色聚类的原理,分析多种色彩搭配的整体语义倾向,构建出可行解色彩数据库;最后,依据色彩搭配美度、色彩搭配和谐度构建视觉舒适性评价函数,应用遗传算法获取适应度最高的色彩搭配方案,并分析养老机构老年人居室视觉舒适性与色彩三属性,即色相、明度、纯度阈值的变化关系.结果表明:通过对比3组被试者的生理指标,所提方法色彩搭配方案有更好的疗愈性,养老机构的色彩环境对老人具有重要的身心疗愈作用.     

利用自然光照明办公环境特性化相机校正手掌颜色的研究

数码相机作为一种主要的图像获取工具已经成为大众消费品,而且也可以作为一种颜色获取工具得到应用。利用自然光照明办公环境下使用国际标准色卡ColorChecker特性化方法校正手掌图像,研究不同照相机在不同设置下获取手掌颜色的一致性。实验结果表明,特性化相机的方法对不同相机在不同光圈、曝光设置下拍摄的手掌图像校正效果明显,手掌图像校正后一致性效果明显,其手掌颜色从校正前的"均方色差"为6.22个CIELAB色差单位,变化到校正后"均方色差"为0.84个CIELAB色差单位。     

Research on spatial association rules mining in two direction

In data mining from transaction DB, the relationships between the attributes have been focused, but the relationships between the tuples have not been taken into account. In spatial database, there are relationships between the attributes and the tuples, and most of the associations occur between the tuples, such as adjacent, intersection, overlap and other topological relationships. So the tasks of spatial data association rules mining include mining the relationships between attributes of spatial objects, which are called as vertical direction DM, and the relationships between the tuples, which are called as horizontal direction DM. This paper analyzes the storage models of spatial data, uses for reference the technologies of data mining in transaction DB, defines the spatial data association rule, including vertical direction association rule, horizontal direction association rule and twodirection association rule, discusses the measurement of spatial association rule interestingness, and puts forward the work flows of spatial association rule data mining. During twodirection spatial association rules mining, an algorithm is proposed to get nonspatial itemsets. By virtue of spatial analysis, the spatial relations were transferred into nonspatial associations and the nonspatial itemsets were gotten. Based on the nonspatial itemsets, the Apriori algorithm or other algorithms could be used to get the frequent itemsets and then the spatial association rules come into being. Using spatial DB, the spatial association rules were gotten to validate the algorithm, and the test results show that this algorithm is efficient and can mine the interesting spatial rules.     

Research on spatial association rules mining in two-direction

In data mining from transaction DB, the relationships between the attributes have been focused, but the relationships between the tuples have not been taken into account. In spatial database, there are relationships between the attributes and the tuples, and most of the associations occur between the tuples, such as adjacent, intersection, overlap and other topological relationships. So the tasks of spatial data association rules mining include mining the relationships between attributes of spatial objects, which are called as vertical direction DM, and the relationships between the tuples, which are called as horizontal direction DM. This paper analyzes the storage models of spatial data, uses for reference the technologies of data mining in transaction DB, defines the spatial data association rule, including vertical direction association rule, horizontal direction association rule and two-direction association rule, discusses the measurement of spatial association rule interestingness, and puts forward the work flows of spatial association rule data mining. During two-direction spatial association rules mining, an algorithm is proposed to get non-spatial itemsets. By virtue of spatial analysis, the spatial relations were transferred into non-spatial associations and the non-spatial itemsets were gotten. Based on the non-spatial itemsets, the Apriori algorithm or other algorithms could be used to get the frequent itemsets and then the spatial association rules come into being. Using spatial DB, the spatial association rules were gotten to validate the algorithm, and the test results show that this algorithm is efficient and can mine the interesting spatial rules.     

具有细节补偿和色彩恢复的多尺度Retinex色调映射算法

针对带色彩恢复的多尺度Retinex色调映射算法(MSRCR)在分离图像光照信息时未保留部分细节信息,导致结果图像出现细节模糊和颜色失真的问题,提出了一种具有细节补偿和色彩恢复的多尺度Retinex色调映射算法(MSRCD).该算法利用Retinex理论的基本原理将高动态范围图像分为反射层和光照层,先使用双边滤波从图像光照层中提取出细节信息进行补偿,然后从图像的反射层中分离出基本层信息并进行自适应调整,压缩其动态范围,最后通过色彩校正还原图像颜色.实验结果表明,与MSRCR算法及基于双边滤波的算法相比,MSRCD算法的处理结果保留了更丰富的细节信息,色彩逼近于真实场景且避免了光晕的产生.