碱性离子液体提取后烟梗纤维形态及抄造性能的变化

以碱性离子液体[MMIM]DMP为溶剂,采用红外光谱和原料成分分析等手段研究再造烟叶原料烟梗经离子液体提取后表面形态、打浆及抄造性能的变化.结果表明:烟梗经碱性离子液体提取后,原料表皮组织出现少量的蜂窝状结构,纤维细胞间的填充物质明显减少,孔隙增加;烟梗中的芳香类物质及木质素能较好地溶于碱性离子液体中,原料中纤维素相对含量明显增加;脱除部分木质素后的烟梗原料打浆后纤维的分散程度较好,打浆性能明显改善,抗张强度可提高35%左右,抄造性能明显改善,松厚度和透气度指标得到了优化.     

甘蔗皮纤维的提取工艺初探

甘蔗皮中含有可提取的纤维物质,但其木质素和半纤维的含量较高,因此选取的纤维提取工艺应能有效去除木质素和半纤维又不损伤纤维.本文选用正交试验的方法对甘蔗皮纤维的提取工艺进行研究,结果表明:经不同工艺处理后,甘蔗皮中的半纤维都基本得到有效去除,而木质素尚不能完全去除;不同工艺下甘蔗皮纤维的平均长度为0.73～1.07 mm,平均直径为16.5～19.8μm.结合纤维的长度和红外光谱图分析,得出甘蔗皮在40 mol/L的硫酸溶液中100℃酸煮1 h、在10%的烧碱溶液中100℃碱煮2.5 h,再搅拌处理1 h为较优的提取工艺.     

氧碱法脱除烟梗中木质素降低烟气有害成分

采用氧碱法预处理烟梗,脱除烟梗中的木质素,并利用处理后烟梗制成烟草薄片,研究烟气中有害成分的变化,得到氧碱法处理的最佳工艺条件如下:碱液与烟梗液固比,10mL/g;氢氧化钾相对于绝干烟梗质量的百分比,35%;反应温度,120℃;反应时间,40min;氧气压力,0.6MPa;保护剂MgCO_3使用量,0.5%.与传统水浸泡预处理工艺相比,氧碱法处理后木质素含量降低率达到47.9%,裂解气中苯酚含量降低61%,邻苯二酚含量降低25%,总有害物质含量降低38%.     

废弃烟梗和烟末中主要化学组分的浸渍提取

浸渍提取是制备造纸法烟草薄片的重要环节,浸渍提取液是高质量薄片涂料的主要组分来源.文中结合生产实际,以水作为提取剂,采用正交实验和单因素实验相结合的方法,研究了不同的浸渍温度、浸渍时间和浸渍液比条件下废弃烟梗和烟末中主要化学组分的溶出规律,得到了烟梗和烟末一段浸渍提取的最优条件:烟梗浸渍时间为100min,浸渍温度为60℃,浸渍液比为1∶7,此时水溶性糖和总植物碱的溶出率分别达到50.60%和52.46%;烟末浸渍时间为60min,浸渍温度为70℃,浸渍液比为1∶10,此时水溶性糖和总植物碱的溶出率分别达到73.06%和64.57%.     

离子液体微乳液预浸渍对桉木酶解效率的影响

研究了碱强化的离子液体微乳液(DILMS)体系的配比、浸渍方式及处理条件对速生阔叶材桉木酶解效率的影响,探讨了浸渍处理后原料残渣和浸渍液中单糖含量的变化,并利用离子色谱法对单位质量底物的葡萄糖增加比进行定量分析.实验结果表明:适宜的DILMS浸渍工艺参数为100℃、8 h、底物目数40(即直径180~380μm),进一步结合碱强化的乙二胺浸渍工序(70℃,3h)而形成的"两步法"预浸渍可以使单位质量底物中葡萄糖占总还原糖的百分比由64.33%上升到96.34%,酶解得率由35.8%上升到83.2%,葡萄糖实际产量提高了1.11倍.研究表明碱强化的离子液体微乳液具有优良的预浸渍处理效果.     

麦草碱木素在碱性离子液体[Bmim][OH]中的溶解机理

对麦草碱木素在强碱性离子液体[Bmim][OH]溶解过程中木质素的结构变化进行了解析,并对溶解机理进行了探讨.利用微波加热辅助溶解,实验条件如下:微波功率500 W,温度90℃,反应时间30 min,固液比1:10.通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、元素分析、二维异质单量子相干核磁共振(2D HSQC NMR)、瞬时高温热解装置-气相色谱-质谱联用(Py-GC-MS)等方法进行分析和表征.研究结果表明:碱木素在[Bmim][OH]离子液体溶解过程中其芳香环结构保持稳定,主要发生了侧链取代或单元连接间含氧基团的脱除,溶解后再生的木质素相对分子质量轻微下降,分子量分布更加均匀;同时,再生木质素的不饱和度增大,这是由于溶解过程中发生了脱水反应.二维核磁共振光谱与Py-GC-MS分析表明,在强碱性离子液体体系中木质素的溶解过程以大分子中β-O-4′键的断裂最为明显,β-β、β-5次之,S/G比例明显降低.文中成果为碱木素高值化应用的相关理论和产品开发提供了基础数据和技术方向.     

离子液体负载型碳纳米管吸附除砷研究

通过浸渍法制备4种离子液体负载型碳纳米管吸附材料,分别采用静态法和动态法考察其对溶液中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的去除性能。研究结果表明:负载离子液体的碳纳米管对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)具有较强的吸附作用,吸附过程属于单分子层的化学吸附,吸附行为符合Langmiur吸附;Im-CNT,tBu-CNT,Nme-CNT和Nmb-CNT这4种吸附材料对As(Ⅲ)的去除效果优于对As(Ⅴ)的去除效果;负载氮氧杂冠醚型离子液体的碳纳米管对砷的去除效果比负载咪唑型离子液体的碳纳米管的去除效果更优,说明冠醚型离子液体的空腔结构对砷具有良好的配合性能,同时,冠醚结构中取代烃基的长度对砷的去除也有一定的影响。     

NaClO改性ACFs对水中铜的吸附动力学和热力学研究

为改善活性炭纤维(ACFs)表面的酸性基团,并提高其对水中重金属离子的去除效率,采用NaClO对ACFs进行氧化改性,研究了吸附时间和温度对水溶液中铜离子的去除影响,用准一级、准二级动力学模型和内扩散模型来研究铜离子在改性ACFs上的吸附动力学行为。结果表明:铜离子在改性ACFs上的吸附平衡可以在50min内达到,且升高温度可以增加铜离子的去除率。准二级动力学模型可以很好地描述铜离子在改性ACFs的吸附行为,其相关系数R~20.99.根据吸附热力学的分析可知其标准吸附焓变ΔH00,该过程是吸热反应;且活化状态函数值是20.48kJ/mol,表明了该过程是以物理吸附为主。用改性ACFs去除水溶液中铜离子的性能明显比未改性的ACFs高,其去除率从70.2%增加到94.5%.     

离子液体对模拟生物质原料组分的选择性分离

设计合成了一系列咪唑基羧酸盐离子液体:1丁基3甲基咪唑甲酸盐,1丁基3甲基咪唑乙酸盐,1丁基3甲基咪唑乳酸盐,1丁基3甲基咪唑乙醇酸盐,1丁基3甲基咪唑苯甲酸盐和1丁基3甲基咪唑二氰胺盐,并采用氢核磁方法对这些离子液体进行了表征和结构确认。研究了离子液体的阴离子结构、体系溶解温度对木质素和木聚糖溶解度的影响。根据不同离子液体对纤维素、木聚糖、木质素溶解性能的差异,实现了模拟生物质原料3个组分的选择性逐级分离,木质素、木聚糖和纤维素的分离质量分数分别为76.9%、75.4%和99.3%。离子液体[C4mim][N(CN)2]的回收质量分数为89.6%。     

硫酸盐还原菌去除木屑中木质素和纤维素的试验

目的研究对不同木屑投加量利用硫酸盐还原菌降解木屑中木质素和纤维素去除率问题,为木质纤维素的生物降解提供新方法.方法将先期富集培养的硫酸盐还原菌污泥置于Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ4个三角瓶中,Ⅴ号三角瓶作为空白试验,分别投加5 g,10 g,15 g,20 g,10 g质量的木屑,通过静态试验测定木质纤维去除率.结果Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ号容器中木质素的去除率分别为49.32%,54.97%,57.92%,63.57%,0.07%;纤维素的去除率分别为82.18%,86.36%,89.32%,90.82%,7.33%.硫酸盐还原菌利用1 g的硫酸盐能够去除1 g的木质素.扫描电镜下观察经过硫酸盐还原菌降解后的木屑,发现木屑表面以及内部的结构均受到损伤,木质素和纤维素的结构被破坏.结论硫酸盐还原菌对木质纤维素有良好的降解作用.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.