功能化离子液体对蚕丝的溶解性能

功能化离子液体氯化1-(2-氯乙基)-3-甲基咪唑([CeMIM]Cl)是蚕丝的优良溶剂.在100 ℃时,对脱胶蚕丝的溶解能力高达15%.向离子液体蚕丝溶液加入甲醇,可以得到再生丝素蛋白,除去甲醇后即可回收离子液体.利用IR、XRD、TGA和SEM对蚕丝和再生丝素蛋白进行了表征. IR、XRD图谱结果表明该离子液体是蚕丝的非衍生化溶剂;TGA结果表明再生丝素蛋白热稳定性有所降低,热失重残留物有所增加;SEM结果表明蚕丝在溶解前后表面形貌发生较大变化.在研究该离子液体对蚕丝的溶解和再生性能的同时,对溶解机理进行了初步探讨.     

离子液体法制备再生竹纤维素膜及其性能

合成离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Bmim]Cl),用以溶解聚合度为500的竹浆粕,制得再生竹纤维素膜.通过XRD(X-Ray Diffraction),FT-IR(Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry),TG(Thermogravimetric)测试手段,研究竹浆在离子液体中再生前后结构性能的变化.结果表明:再生后竹浆的晶体形态由纤维素Ⅰ变为纤维素Ⅱ;[Bmim]Cl对竹浆的溶解属直接溶解,溶解过程不涉及化学反应;再生竹浆的热分解温度较原竹浆有所降低.离子液体法和黏胶法再生竹纤维素膜强度的比较结果表明:同等条件下,离子液体法再生竹纤维素膜的干态强度高于黏胶法再生竹纤维素膜强度.     

离子液体法制备再生纤维素/角蛋白共混膜的研究

合成了离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIM]Cl),以其为溶剂溶解羊毛角蛋白和纤维素,并制得再生纤维素/角蛋白共混膜.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热失重分析仪(TGA)及强度测试仪等对共混膜的性能进行表征.测试结果表明:与单一原料组分相比,共混膜具有较高的热稳定性,但力学性能有所降低,此外,羊毛角蛋白再生前后的结构并未发生显著变化     

基于功能化离子液体的苯丙氨酸双水相萃取性能研究

系统研究1-(N,N-二乙基氨甲酰基甲基)-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([MDCBmim]Cl),1-(N,N-二乙基氨甲酰基甲基)-3-甲基咪唑氟硼酸盐([MDCBmim]BF4)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氟硼酸盐([Bmim]BF4)3种离子液体的双水相体系对苯丙氨酸的萃取性能.考察了影响萃取过程的主要因素如pH、离子液体和磷酸盐的用量、体系温度.研究结果表明,功能化离子液体双水相体系对苯丙氨酸的萃取性能远好于常规离子液体.当pH=13时,在[MDCBmim]Cl/K2HPO4双水相体系中,苯丙氨酸的分配系数最高可达130,对其分配系数顺序为:[MDCBmim]Cl>[MDCBmim]BF4>[Bmim]BF4.     

离子液体在水、乙醇及其混合物中的电导率测定

用电导率仪测定了298.15 K条件下多种离子液体,即1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑溴([Emim]Br)、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑溴([Bmim]Br)、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑氯([Bmim]Cl)、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑氟硼酸盐([Bmim][BF4])、1-甲基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯([Mmim][DMP])、1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑磷酸二乙酯([Emim][DEP])、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑磷酸二丁酯([Bmim][DBP])以及醋酸钾(KAc)在水、乙醇及其混合溶剂中的电导率数据。结果表明,室温离子液体的电导率顺序为：[Bmim][BF4]>[Mmim][DMP]> [Emim][DEP]> [Bmim][DBP],该顺序与离子液体的黏度成反比。离子液体在水中的电导率的次序大致为[Emim]Br>[Bmim]Cl[Bmim]Br[Bmim][BF4]>[Mmim][DMP]>[Emim][DEP]> [Bmim][DBP]。离子液体在水中的电导率高于在乙醇中的电导率,且电导率随浓度的增加均先升高后降低。与醋酸钾相比,溶剂变化对离子液体电导率的影响要小得多。离子液体[Mmim][DMP]和[Emim][DEP]能显著提高乙醇水溶液中乙醇的相对挥发度,且盐析作用[Mmim][DMP]> [Emim][DEP],这与在混合溶剂中电导率的大小次序是一致的。     

离子液体中纤维素的溶解及再生特性

探讨了不同来源纤维素在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯代盐(［bmim］Cl)中的溶解性能,并采用红外光谱、X-射线衍射及热重分析等手段对木浆纤维素在离子液体［bmim］Cl中溶解和再生前后的结构变化进行了分析。结果表明,未经活化的纤维素可直接溶解于离子液体［bmim］Cl 而不发生其它衍生化反应,原纤维素聚合度越低,溶解越容易。再生纤维素分子量较原纤维素有所降低,结晶状态由纤维素Ⅰ转变为纤维素Ⅱ,再生后纤维素热分解温度降低,热稳定性略有下降。     

乙醇-乙酸乙酯共沸物的离子液体分离:阴阳离子溶剂化效应

新型绿色溶剂离子液体有着与固态盐相类似的盐效应,不仅可以明显改变有机体系之间的相对挥发度,甚至可以直接破坏共沸物的组成,在分离和萃取上有着广泛的应用.例如,亲水性离子液体氯化1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑([AmimCl)和氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([BmimCl)等可有效分离乙醇-乙酸乙酯共沸物,用[Amim]Cl萃取乙醇-乙酸乙酯共沸物两次后,乙酸乙酯的纯度能够达到99.27 wt %[1]. 离子液体这种分离效应无疑与其阴阳离子在共沸物中的溶剂化效应有关.     

烷基咪唑类离子液体的合成及其性质

以N甲基咪唑和溴代烷烃为原料,通过微波法合成了6种离子液体1烷基3甲基咪唑类溴盐:1正丙基3甲基咪唑溴盐([nPmim]Br)、1异丙基3甲基咪唑溴盐([iPmim]Br)、1正丁基3甲基咪唑溴盐[nBmim]Br)、1仲丁基3甲基咪唑溴盐([sB mim]Br)、1正戊基3甲基咪唑溴盐([nAmim]Br)、1正己基3甲基咪唑溴盐([nHmim]Br).然后以 [nBmim]Br为中间体,经过阴离子交换得到1正丁基3甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([nBmim]BF4).在25℃时测定了7种离子液体的密度,结果表明:含有相同阴离子的离子液体密度随着阳离子烷基链长度的增加而减小;含有相同阳离子的离子液体,阴离子体积越大,密度越高.通过循环伏安法测定了[nBmim]Br和[nBmim]BF4的电化学窗口,分别为2.0V和3.4V.[nBmim]BF4的DSC曲线表明,其只有玻璃化温度(-95℃),而没有结晶温度和熔点.     

烷基咪唑类离子液体的合成与表征

采用绿色化学合成法,以N-丁基咪唑和1,2-二甲基咪唑为反应原料,碳酸酯为烷基化试剂,合成了2种离子液体的中间体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碳酸甲酯盐([n-BMIM]OCO2Me)和1,2-二甲基-3-乙基咪唑碳酸乙酯盐([EMMIM]OCO2Et),然后通过与HBF4及HPF6的反应,得到4种离子液体:1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([n-BMIM]BF4)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([n-BMIM]PF6)、1,2-二甲基-3-乙基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([EMMIM]BF4)和1,2-二甲基-3-乙基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([EMMIM]PF6).产物结构经FT-IR, 1H-NMR和质谱分析确认.最后通过差示扫描量热分析（DSC）测定6种离子液体的结晶温度或熔点.     

甲醇-苯-离子液体等压汽液平衡数据的测定

在101.32 kPa下,用改进的Othmer釜测定了甲醇-苯与三种离子液体的三元物系的等压汽液平衡数据,即甲醇-苯-1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([EMIM]BF4),甲醇-苯-1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([BMIM]BF4),甲醇-苯-1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([OMIM]BF4)。实验结果表明,加入离子液体可以使汽液平衡线偏离甲醇-苯二组分物系的汽液平衡线,离子液体摩尔分数越大,偏离程度越大。[OMIM]BF4表现出明显的盐析效应,使甲醇对苯的相对挥发度发生改变,消除了甲醇—苯物系的共沸点。离子液体对甲醇的盐析效应顺序为：[OMIM]BF4 >[BMIM]BF4 >[EMIM]BF4。因此[OMIM]BF4 可以作为甲醇-苯物系萃取精馏的溶剂。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.