低碳钢烘烤硬化中C元素晶界的偏聚

针对低碳钢,测试了不同预变形量下的烘烤硬化性能;采用电子背散射衍射及电子探针技术分别分析了低碳烘烤硬化钢板的晶界特征和晶界元素偏聚。结果表明,随着预变形量不断增加,烘烤硬化值不断增大;钢中小角度晶界不断增多,但总体上大角度晶界还是占主导地位。退火态和不同预变形量下的烘烤态均存在碳元素在晶界处偏聚的现象,锰元素没有晶界偏聚。     

消除TRIP钢屈服平台的预拉伸实验及微观机理

含铬高硅TRIP钢室温变形时通常具有较长的屈服平台,在成型过程中零件表面容易出现褶皱等缺陷.为了解决这个问题,采用预拉伸实验研究了不同预拉伸变形量对TRIP钢屈服平台的影响,并且对拉伸前后的TRIP钢试样做了TEM透射分析以期找出形成屈服平台的机制.实验表明:随着预拉伸量增加,屈服平台长度减少,当预变形量达到1.0%时屈服平台消失;在相同预拉伸条件下,奥氏体越稳定,屈服平台越短;柯氏气团和奥氏体的应力松弛机制共同对TRIP钢屈服平台的形成起作用.     

分段冷却模式下热轧双相钢的组织演变及力学性能

通过热模拟实验研究了分段冷却模式下变形温度、保温温度及保温时间对Nb-Ti微合金热轧双相钢组织演变及性能的影响.结果表明:降低变形温度可促进铁素体的转变,使马氏体形态由大块状过渡到岛状;保温温度从740℃逐渐降至580℃时,铁素体转变量先增加后减少,保温温度为660℃时铁素体转变量达到峰值;随保温时间延长铁素体转变量增加,且铁素体转变量与时间的关系曲线呈“S”型.采用超快冷+空冷+层流冷的冷却模式并通过调整终轧温度及空冷时间获得了630~710MPa的热轧双相钢,屈强比≤061,相应的组织为铁素体+马氏体或铁素体+马氏体+少量的贝氏体.     

Fe-20Mn-2.6Al-2.6Si钢拉伸变形机理研究

采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜研究了Fe-20Mn-2.6Al-2.6Si TRIP/TWIP钢在不同变形量下的微观组织变化.结果表明:在应变初期,主要是形成层错和位错;随应变的增大,γ奥氏体相逐渐减少,ε马氏体相和α马氏体相增多;在断裂阶段,主要组成相为α马氏体,即Fe-20Mn-2.6Al-2.6Si钢在拉伸变形过程中主要发生γ→ε→α或γ→α相变诱导塑性变形.金相组织表明:该钢变形量达到6.5%时,开始出现许多平直的条纹(通常称为形变孪晶);但高分辨透射电镜研究表明:不同程度变形后的微观组织都难以观察到形变孪晶,而那些金相组织和低倍透射电镜照片上的平直条纹往往是ε马氏体相,这进一步证实该钢的变形机制主要是TRIP效应.     

腐殖土对废水中Cu2+的吸附

研究了腐殖土对废水中Cu2+的吸附,并考察了吸附时间、Cu2+的初始浓度、腐殖土投加量、初始pH值和温度等因素对吸附过程的影响.通过吸附动力学、吸附等温线和红外光谱(FTIR)等方法探讨了吸附机理.试验条件下,单位腐殖土对Cu2+的吸附量随时间的延长而增加直至达到吸附平衡,随Cu2+的初始浓度增大和初始pH值的上升而增加,随腐殖土投加量的增加而减少,吸附过程温度的影响不显著.腐殖土吸附Cu2+的过程符合Lagergren准二级吸附速率方程和Freundlieh吸附等温方程,吸附过程以化学吸附为主,红外光谱分析表明,参与吸附的主要基团是羟基和芳香基等化学基团.     

ULCB钢中的冷变形与ε-Cu的脱熔行为

研究两种工艺的含铜超低碳贝氏体钢（ULCB）时效硬化行为,一种是直接固熔时效处理;一种是在固熔与时效处理之间进行一定量的冷预变形处理.实验结果表明,在一定的时效温度内,该钢的ε-Cu析出动力学曲线均会出现双峰甚至三峰现象.且经过预变形处理的钢,峰值出现的时间大幅度提前,峰值的高度也有明显的提高,在低温450℃时,预变形的这一作用更加明显.变形时效后,试验钢中的ε-Cu析出大量增加,且更加均匀.     

钛钢再结晶温度的测定

实测含Ti0.043%的钢,当变形量为30%时,其开始结晶温度为959℃,比普碳钢提高100—120℃.另外当轧制温度为1050℃时随含Ti量的增加,开始再结晶变形量增加。对Ti的阻止再结晶的作用加以分析。再结晶温度的测定具有实际意义,它是区分再结晶轧制还是未再结晶轧制的界限。     

连续退火的无Si TRIP钢的组织和力学性能

在实验室用Gleeble3500热模拟试验机制备了一种无Si TRIP钢.利用拉伸试验机、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射以及热膨胀仪对其力学性能、微观组织和相变规律进行研究,在此基础上分析了贝氏体相变温度和时间对力学性能和残余奥氏体的影响.无Si TRIP钢呈现出良好的整体力学性能,抗拉强度分布在740～810 MPa,延伸率均在25%以上,最高可达32%以上;贝氏体等温温度为420℃时能获得最佳的综合力学性能,抗拉强度随贝氏体相变时间增加而下降,延伸率随之上升,而屈服强度没有显著变化.无Si TRIP制的铁素体晶粒大小约为3～4μm,比含Si TRIP钢铁素体晶粒细小;残余奥氏体的体积分数在8%～10%,比含Si TRIP钢低约3%;420℃保温300 s后贝氏体相变基本结束,而碳的扩散仍然在进行;无Si TRIP钢贝氏体相变速率比含Si TRIP钢快,贝氏体相变总量也更多.     

热处理工艺对含钒ER70S-6钢马氏体含量的影响

为研究含钒ER70S-6钢在不同热处理条件下获得的双相钢组织中马氏体含量的变化,采用熔炼、浇铸和锻造的方式分别制备了含钒量为0,0.01%,0.02%,0.04%的ER70S-6钢,再将每种钢分别加热到700,750,800,870℃,保温后,分别采用空冷、油淬和水淬的方式进行处理,观察分析热处理后各种ER70S-6钢金相组织的变化。结果表明:在同等热处理条件下,马氏体含量随含钒量的增加而略微降低,其γ/α+γ相变点约为750℃;当含钒量相等时,空冷获得的马氏体含量最少,水淬获得的马氏体含量最多;热处理温度对马氏体的转变有明显影响。     

终轧温度对ELC─BH板组织和性能的影响

研究了热轧终轧温度（ＦＴ）对超低碳高强度烘烤硬化钢板（简称ＥＬＣ─ＢＨ板）组织和性能的影响，结果表明：①两相区终轧形成的混晶组织是导致退火板　值和塑性减少的根本原因；②奥氏体区终轧时，随终轧温度降低，退火板成形性改善，但强度和烘烤硬化性有所削弱；③综合考虑终轧温度的影响，在略高于Ａｒ３的温度下终轧是合适的。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.