超低碳铝镇静钢冶炼过程氮含量的控制

针对企业冶炼超低碳铝镇静钢过程中增氮量高、波动大及控制不稳定的问题,采用工艺数据统计和现场取样的手段,系统梳理了冶炼过程钢液脱氮和增氮的主要环节和影响因素.转炉脱碳期和真空处理是脱氮的主要环节,碳氧期的总脱碳量高则终点氮含量低;转炉底吹N2/Ar切换点在吹炼70%以前对终点氮含量影响不大;VD在无氧条件下脱氮有利,RH则在有氧条件下脱氮有利.控制钢中溶解氧>200×10-6则出钢过程增氮可控制在5×10-6以下;炉料的氮带入是真空精炼环节增氮的重要因素,最高达11×10-6;采用密封垫+吹Ar的保护方式,增氮量最低为1×10-6.     

BOF-LF-RH-CC流程钢液增氮控制研究

通过对25Mn2和36Mn2V转炉冶炼钢种氮含量取样分析,得出各工序氮含量变化的规律,研究各工序增氮机制及氮含量控制措施。结果表明,增氮量从大到小的工序依次为大包至中包的长水口段、LF精炼段、转炉出钢段,RH真空处理段钢水氮含量有所下降;采用适当的终点高拉碳工艺可降低终点氮含量;采用高碱度低熔点预熔渣覆盖钢液面和控制LF吹氩强度可减少精炼前期吸氮和避免钢水被吹裸而引起的吸氮;适当延长极限真空度保持时间有利于进一步降低钢水中的氮含量。     

帘线钢生产过程中钛含量的影响因素及控制

为了有效控制钛夹杂对帘线钢盘条拉拔加工性能的不利影响,通过热力学理论计算结合现场实际生产数据,对铁水中的[Ti]-[Si]平衡、转炉脱钛以及精炼增钛过程进行了分析,提出了相应的钛质量分数控制措施.结果表明:铁水中钛和硅的质量分数存在较好的线性关系,将高炉铁水硅质量分数控制在较低水平,对降低铁水钛质量分数具有重要意义.转炉终点钢水钛质量分数受转炉终点钢水碳质量分数和温度的影响,其中温度的影响尤为明显.为了降低转炉终点钢水含钛量,必须做好转炉终点碳温控制.此外,为了尽量减少钢液精炼过程中的增钛量,必须严格控制转炉出钢下渣量和精炼渣料中的含钛量.     

转炉冶炼 CaO-SiO2-FeO 渣系中磷的行为

回归推导出渣系中磷酸盐容量对数与炉渣光学碱度和温度的关系表达式,通过回归公式绘制出 CaO-SiO2-FeO(10% MgO)渣系的等磷酸盐容量图,分析了转炉终渣、终点成分及温度对钢中磷含量的影响情况.当熔渣磷酸盐容量一定时,随着转炉终点碳含量降低,渣/钢间磷分配比增加;相同终点碳含量时,随着熔渣磷酸盐容量增加,渣/钢间磷分配比增加;转炉终点碳质量分数控制在0.03%～0.04%,炉渣碱度大于3.5,渣中 FeO 质量分数低于18%,渣中 P2O5质量分数低于2%,有利于获得终点磷质量分数在0.008%以内的钢水.     

转炉冶炼CaO-SiO2-FeO渣系中磷的行为

回归推导出渣系中磷酸盐容量对数与炉渣光学碱度和温度的关系表达式,通过回归公式绘制出CaO-SiO2-FeO(10%MgO)渣系的等磷酸盐容量图,分析了转炉终渣、终点成分及温度对钢中磷含量的影响情况.当熔渣磷酸盐容量一定时,随着转炉终点碳含量降低,渣/钢间磷分配比增加;相同终点碳含量时,随着熔渣磷酸盐容量增加,渣/钢间磷分配比增加;转炉终点碳质量分数控制在0.03%～0.04%,炉渣碱度大于3.5,渣中FeO质量分数低于18%,渣中P2O5质量分数低于2%,有利于获得终点磷质量分数在0.008%以内的钢水.     

京唐公司转炉双联冶炼工艺及技术指标

阐述了京唐公司转炉双联工艺及其优势,重点就转炉双联法与常规冶炼主要技术指标进行了对比分析,分析结果显示：采用转炉双联冶炼法时脱磷率为92.86%,采用常规冶炼法转炉脱磷率为88.4%,转炉双联工艺脱磷效果明显。脱磷炉终渣中平均TFe含量是8.27%,脱碳炉终渣中平均TFe含量是18.92%,常规转炉终渣中平均TFe含量是18.98%,转炉双联冶炼过程不仅铁损低,而且金属料消耗少。辅原料消耗上转炉双联法白灰和轻烧白云石的用量比传统冶炼法分别减少9.7 g/t钢、9.3 g/t钢。转炉双联法和常规冶炼法终点钢水平均碳氧积分别为0.0023和0.0024,控制水平较好。     

氧化物夹杂对热轧带钢拉伸性能的影响

分析横向拉伸性能偏低的热轧带钢试样发现,其氧化物夹杂含量较多,且主要是沿轧制方向的带状夹杂物;其存在破坏了金属的连续性,在拉伸过程沿带状夹杂物的垂直方向会产生破裂。分析认为冶炼终点碳含量低,脱氧后钢包搅拌效果差,脱氧产物上浮不充分是其主要原因。冶炼过程中应控制好终点碳,加强脱氧操作,减少钢中的夹杂物含量,提高热轧带钢的拉伸性能。     

氧化物夹杂对热轧带钢拉伸性能的影响

分析横向拉伸性能偏低的热轧带钢试样发现,其氧化物夹杂含量较多,且主要是沿轧制方向的带状夹杂物;其存在破坏了金属的连续性,在拉伸过程沿带状夹杂物的垂直方向会产生破裂.分析认为冶炼终点碳含量低,脱氧后钢包搅拌效果差,脱氧产物上浮不充分是其主要原因.冶炼过程中应控制好终点碳,加强脱氧操作,减少钢中的夹杂物含量,提高热轧带钢的拉伸性能.     

氮的溶解度及预处理过程脱氮的实验研究

在实验室1573～1673K条件下对铁水预处理过程进行了脱氮研究.结果表明,铁液中氧、硫和碳含量都在不同程度上影响氮在铁水中的溶解度,并用线形回归方法得到了氮溶解度与碳含量的关系式.预处理过程中初始碳含量对脱氮影响较为明显,在供氧强度相同的条件下,脱氮量随着铁水中碳含量的增加而增加.同时研究发现过程脱碳的同时能有效地脱氮,且脱碳量越大脱氮率越高.终点最低氮含量可达13×10-6,脱氮率超过50%,可满足超低氮钢对铁水中氮含量的要求.     

基于膜算法进化极限学习机的氧气转炉炼钢终点预报模型

氧气转炉炼钢的控制目标是终点温度和碳含量,但由于不能对其进行在线连续测量,直接影响了出钢的质量.针对该问题,提出一种基于膜算法进化极限学习机(ELM)的抗干扰终点预报模型.利用进化膜算法的全局寻优能力调整ELM网络参数,不仅避免了ELM网络受异常点影响出现过拟合现象,还可以寻找最优复杂度的ELM模型.将找到的ELM模型应用到转炉炼钢领域并建立终点碳含量和温度的预报模型.在仿真实验中,分别使用含有高斯噪声的标准sin C函数和氧气转炉炼钢实际生产数据进行仿真,结果表明所提模型在含噪声的数据中具有较好的预报精度和鲁棒性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with