辉光放电电解等离子体降解水体中的亚甲基蓝

用辉光放电电解等离子体(GDEP)技术对模拟染料废水亚甲基蓝(MB)的降解过程进行了研究.通过紫外光谱(UV)分析了放电电压、催化剂对其脱色率的影响,用电导率仪和酸度计测定了降解液的电导率和pH值的变化.结果表明,在最佳电压为600V和放电120min时,可使200mL 20mg·L-1的MB的脱色率达到95.40%,脱色降解过程符合动力学一级反应的特征;降解过程中溶液的最大吸收波长发生蓝移,溶液的电导率先迅速增大后逐渐减小,溶液的pH值先减小后存在增大的趋势,说明在放电过程中产生了大量带电离子及酸性中间产物;Fe2+和Fe3+对MB的降解有催化作用,5min时可使MB的脱色率分别达到95.61%和93.16%;羟基自由基(·OH)对MB的降解起关键作用.     

254nm紫外光活化过硫酸钾降解双酚A的研究

采用254nm紫外光活化过硫酸钾产生硫酸根自由基(SO-·4),利用SO-·4降解环境内分泌干扰素双酚A(BPA).研究结果表明:BPA的降解过程完全符合表观一级反应动力学特征,增加过硫酸钾初始浓度和光强,BPA的去除率均会提高,当过硫酸钾浓度达到4mmol·L-1时,BPA在30min内的降解率达到了89%,BPA的去除率随着其初始浓度的下降而增加,当BPA初始浓度为20μmol·L-1时,5min内BPA降解了66.3%,但BPA的总去除量随着其初始浓度增加而提高,溶液pH值为7.0时,BPA的降解效果最好,30min达到了93%.在该体系中,SO-·4是起氧化作用的主要活性物种.     

纳米铁酸钴活化过氧单硫酸盐系统去除水中磺胺类药物的研究

研究了磁性纳米铁酸钴/过氧单硫酸氢钾(CoFe_2O_4/PMS)系统降解典型磺胺类药物(SAs)的效果与机制,选取磺胺甲基嘧啶(SM1)及磺胺吡啶(SPY)为去除对象,考察各影响因素对药物去除效果的影响,并通过淬灭实验间接验证了系统中自由基的种类.结果表明:磺胺类药物的降解过程符合拟一级动力学模型,提高CoFe_2O_4投量及PMS投量、降低药物初始浓度可增大反应速率;CoFe_2O_4/PMS系统降解SM1,SPY的最大拟一级动力学反应速率常数kobs值均发生在pH=9;催化剂循环3次后仍保持较高的催化性能,此时系统对SM1,SPY的去除率高达47.1%,62.4%;低浓度的HCO-3明显抑制了SM1的降解,但HCO_3~-的存在有利于SPY的降解,Cl~-对2种药物的降解均有明显抑制作用;淬灭实验表明系统中可能同时存在·SO_4~-及·OH,且·SO_4~-对药物的去除起主要作用.研究表明纳米铁酸钴是一种催化性能优异、稳定性高、易于回收的催化材料.     

镍钴双金属氧化物催化过硫酸氢钾效能和机理

为了探究双金属催化剂对PMS(过硫酸氢钾)强氧化活性的活化效果,以酸性橙7(AO7)为目标污染物,采用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel method)制备Co-NiO_x(镍钴双金属氧化物)催化剂,考察了镍钴催化剂的活性以及催化PMS降解AO7的影响因素;并对其反应机理进行了探究。结果表明,Co-NiO_x催化PMS氧化AO7的效果明显优于单金属催化,以及单独氧化。随着催化剂投量的增加,AO7降解率明显增大;AO7的降解率随着PMS初始浓度的增加而增大,且150μmol/L为最佳投量。当AO7初始浓度从32μmol/L逐渐升至96μmol/L,在反应20 min时AO7降解率由92.5%降至67.07%;初始pH在4左右时AO7有最大降解率95.02%。添加乙醇(EA)和叔丁醇(TBA)的自由基抑制剂试验结果表明,氧化体系中起主要氧化作用的是SO_4~-·(硫酸根自由基)。XPS结果显示,Co-NiO_x催化剂中Co、Ni主要以Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)的形式存在,O主要以表面羟基氧、吸附氧和水的形式存在。研究表明,Co-NiO_x催化剂具有良好的催化性能,能够有效活化PMS产生SO_4~-·和·OH,进而实现对水体污染物的降解。     

镍铁氧体催化过硫酸氢钾对奥卡西平的降解研究

研究了通过水热合成法制备的镍铁氧体(NiFe_2O_4),催化过硫酸氢钾(PMS)产生自由基,在常温常压下降解奥卡西平(OXC).采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)及磁滞回线对镍铁氧体催化剂进行了表征;探究了PMS投加量、NiFe_2O_4投加量以及初始pH对OXC降解效率的影响,结果显示提高PMS和NiFe_2O_4的投量以及偏中性的初始pH均有利于OXC的降解.通过投加不同种类的猝灭剂(甲醇和叔丁醇),证实了OH·和SO_4~-·对OXC的降解起着重要作用,且SO_4~-·的作用更显著.此外,进一步的试验发现NiFe_2O_4具有较好的稳定性和重复利用性:经6次重复使用后,NiFe_2O_4对OXC的降解效率仍可以维持在88%左右;并且,PMS/NiFe_2O_4对滤后水和原水中的OXC也能进行高效催化去除.这些试验结果表明PMS/NiFe_2O_4催化氧化体系对OXC等PPCPs的降解具有良好的应用前景.     

类光-芬顿体系PW_(11)O_(39)Fe(Ⅲ)(H_2O)~(4-)/H_2O_2可见光催化降解罗丹明B

以Keggin型铁取代杂多阴离子PW11O39Fe(Ⅲ)(H_2O)4-(PW11Fe)为可见光活性组分构建了一个类光-芬顿体系(PW11Fe/H2O2),并用于模型污染物罗丹明B(Rh B)的可见光催化降解,同时考察了H2O2浓度、PW11Fe浓度、Rh B初始浓度及溶液p H值对Rh B可见光催化降解速率的影响,讨论了Rh B光催化降解的动力学性质。实验结果表明,当溶液p H=4.5时,由0.6 mmol·L-1PW11Fe和4 mmol·L-1H2O2构成的体系对Rh B的光催化降解效果最佳,0.01 mmol·L-1的Rh B在250 W金卤灯照射下反应60 min,其降解率达到100%,反应240 min,总有机碳(TOC)去除率约48%。羟基自由基猝灭和电子顺磁共振(EPR)实验表明,PW11Fe/H2O2体系在可见光照射下产生羟基自由基,从而导致Rh B的快速降解,降解反应的表观速率常数k为(6.2±2)×10-2mmol·L-1·min-1。     

羟胺增强钴离子催化活化过-硫酸盐降解有机污染物

采用盐酸羟胺(HA)加快钴离子的循环,提高其催化活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)的效果,高效去除和矿化有机污染物.以罗丹明B(RhB)为模型污染物,考察了HA、Co~(2+)、PMS浓度及溶液初始pH值对均相Co~(2+)/PMS体系降解RhB的影响.同时,以乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)为探针,测试了不同HA下体系中的Co~(3+)的含量.结果表明:RhB的降解遵循准一级动力学过程,其降解速率随着Co~(2+)和PMS浓度增加而线性增大.在投加2μmol·L~(-1) Co~(2+)和0.4 mmol·L~(-1) PMS下,HA浓度为0.4 mmol·L~(-1)时,20μmol·L~(-1 )RhB可在10 min被完全降解.其一级降解速率常数为0.35 min~(-1),是不加HA时(0.16 min~(-1),Co~(2+)/PMS体系)降解速率常数的2.2倍. HA的加入将TOC去除率由17.8%提高到了38.6%.HA的加入还有效促进了Co~(3+)向Co~(2+)的还原循环,增加了活性Co~(2+)的含量,增强了其活化PMS产生自由基的能力.该HA增强Co~(2+)/PMS体系也可有效降解其它有机染料(如亚甲基蓝、甲基紫、橙黄II).说明盐酸羟胺的加入增强了Co~(2+)催化活化PMS降解有机染料.     

可见光催化剂BiOI的制备及其对活性蓝KN-R的降解机理

采用水热法制备了层状结构的可见光催化剂BiOI,通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、比表面积分析、紫外可见漫反射光谱对样品进行了表征.深入讨论了可见光照射下BiOI对活性蓝KNR的降解,发现降解曲线符合二级反应动力学方程.用叔丁醇、碘化钾、苯醌分别对羟基自由基(·OH)、空穴(h~+)和超氧阴离子自由基(·O~-_2)进行捕捉,研究了BiOI对活性蓝KN-R的降解机理,发现h~+和·O~-_2在降解反应中起主要作用.     

三维电极/电Fenton法处理苯酚废水机理研究

目的确定三维电极/电Fenton法处理苯酚废水的最佳反应条件并探讨反应机理.方法设计正交试验确定最佳反应条件,对处理结果进行紫外光谱分析;采用叔丁醇验证·OH的存在.结果在最佳反应条件pH值3,电解电压为12 V,极板间距为10.5 cm,电解质投加质量浓度为1.2 g/L,Fe2+投加浓度为0.9 mmol/L条件下,苯酚最大去除率为97.38%.苯酚去除率影响因素大小为pH值电解电压Fe2+投加浓度极板间距电解质投加质量浓度.反应过程中,苯酚首先被降解为醌类化合物并进一步降解为其他中间产物,最终被氧化为小分子化合物.结论苯酚的去除主要是电极的直接氧化,·OH以及其他活性氧化物共同作用的结果,其中·OH对苯酚的降解起到主要作用.     

NTA强化Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS体系降解橙黄G的效能与机制

针对二价铁/过一硫酸盐(Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS)体系存在近中性pH条件下氧化效能低的问题,采用氨基三乙酸(NTA)强化Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS体系降解橙黄G(OG),研究NTA/Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS体系中OG降解的效能和机制,考察NTA,Fe(Ⅱ),PMS等反应物浓度和溶液pH值对OG降解效能的影响.实验结果表明：当pH=6.5时,NTA可显著强化Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS体系的氧化效能,OG的去除率从11.7%提高到92.5%,NTA的加入提高了溶液中有效活化剂的浓度,促进PMS分解生成活性物质;NTA/Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS体系中主导的活性物质为Fe(Ⅳ)和SO^-₄·,二者对体系氧化效能的贡献分别为72.0%和28.0%;增加NTA,Fe(Ⅱ)和PMS的浓度有助于OG的降解,但当三者浓度分别超过1.5,1.5,2.0 mmol·L^-1时,出现抑制现象;引入NTA既提高了Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS体系在近中性pH条件下的氧化能力,又拓宽了该体系的pH应用范围.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to