陈行水库在长江河口咸潮入侵期间的取水调度和库内氯度分布

在长江河口咸潮入侵严重期间,为保证供水,陈行水库有时会带盐取水.2009年11月27日至2010年3月12日在陈行水库进行了氯度观测.结合径流量、潮汐、风应力、上游氯度和取水口氯度,分析了长江河口咸潮入侵以及陈行水库3次带盐取水的运行方式和库内氯度的时空变化.数值模拟的结果表明,在东风作用下,水库东岸有上升流的存在.在咸潮到来前期,陈行水库增大取水量,使水库保持在高水位.在咸潮到来的初期,进行带盐取水,保证水库在较高的水位.在咸潮中后期,根据咸潮入侵的强弱向宝钢水库抽调适量淡水,同时当库内供水口氯度接近250 mg/L时必须停止从长江带盐取水.库内氯度资料表明水库带盐取水造成库内氯度升高,氯度的变化与风况有关,在空间存在差异性.陈行水库的调度与库内外的氯度密切相关,同时需要考虑库内的水位、上游氯度变化以及水库表面风场的变化情况.本研究可为河口水库的优化运行提供科学依据,同时为水库的调度管理提供经验.     

南水北调工程对长江口盐水入侵和淡水资源的影响

南水北调工程为跨流域调水工程,其对于长江口淡水资源变迁的影响是当今研究热点之一.本文应用三维数学模型,研究南水北调东线和中线工程短期和远期调水方案对长江河口盐水入侵和淡水资源的影响.结果表明,在2月中下旬一个大小潮周期中,东风西沙水库、陈行水库和青草沙水库取水口盐度大于0.45的不宜取水时间分别为7.74、3.08和2.72 d.同时,在东线和中线工程短期调水1 000 m3/s情况下,长江河口盐水入侵加剧,尤其在北港、北槽和南槽拦门沙区域及其北支上段盐度上升最为明显,出现了量值超过0.5的大面积区域,南支淡水区域减小.在2月中下旬一个大小潮周期中东风西沙水库、陈行水库和青草沙水库不宜取水的时间分别增长了1.43、2.14和2.13 d.在东线和中线工程远期调水1 600 m3/s情况下,整个河口盐度的上升更为明显,在北港、北槽和南槽拦门沙出现了盐度超过1的大范围区域,小范围区域盐度超过了1.5,南水淡水范围进一步减小.在2月中下旬一个大小潮周期中东风西沙水库、陈行水库和青草沙水库不宜取水的时间分别增加了1.49、3.08和3.08 d.     

2011年春末夏初枯水期间长江河口盐水入侵

全球气候变化导致的长江流域枯水事件近几年趋于增多.2011年春末夏初长江中下游发生干旱,4、5和6月大通径流量分别比多年月平均值分别下降了33.4%、50.6%和50.3%.观测资料表明,4月崇西水文站大部分时间盐度大于0.45(饮用水标准),北支倒灌盐水从崇西水文站到南门大约需要2 d,到宝钢水库需要3~5 d,宝钢水库出现2 d和4 d不宜取水时间,青草沙水库出现5 d和4 d不宜取水时间.5月中下旬北支永隆沙仍被高盐水占据,崇西水文站盐度超标达到7 d,青草沙水库不宜取水d数达到8 d.6月4-7日大潮后中潮期5个观测潮周期内东风西沙水库约有一半时间盐度大于0.45,陈行水库和青草沙水库取水口盐水均低于0.45,但随时间逐渐升高,盐份主要来源于北支倒灌.长江河口盐水入侵一般发生在12月和来年的1-3月,4-6月随着径流量的增大盐水入侵消失.气候变化产生的枯水事件加剧了长江河口盐水入侵、严重影响了非盐水入侵期水源地取水安全.     

波浪对理想河口盐度分布影响的数值模拟

采用三维潮流、盐度数学模型,考虑三维波浪辐射应力和波流共同作用的底部剪切应力作用,以最简单的理想河口为例,对不同强度波浪场下河口及海区盐度分布进行了对比分析,结果表明,在考虑波浪后,河口区盐度(表层和底层)均呈减小趋势,而海区表层盐度增加,底层盐度略减小.该研究直观地显示了波浪对河口盐度输移的影响,对全面揭示河口盐度输移过程有重要意义.     

极端干旱水文年(2006)中长江河口的盐水入侵

观测资料表明,由于在2006年夏季中长江流域发生了特大干旱,形成的特低径流量导致长江河口盐水倒灌比常年提前了3个月.北支倒灌盐水在南北支分汊口南支水域,底层盐度大于表层盐度,垂向分层明显,而在南支中上段其他水域,因强烈潮混合作用盐度垂向分布均匀.受北支盐水倒灌和盐量的累积作用,在南北支分汊口崇头盐度最大值出现时间比青龙港潮位最高时间滞后约3d,倒灌的高盐水团进入南支后受径流作用影响到下游陈行水库的时间约为2d.     

闽江北支水道水文、泥沙特征分析

利用闽江口所设置5个定点连续观测站的流速、盐度、温度、浊度与悬沙资料以及同步观测的5个潮位观测站的潮位资料,分析闽江河口的水文特征和悬浮泥沙含量特征.研究表明,闽江口的水文特征有:涨潮历时短,退潮历时长,各潮位观测站的涨潮时刻由河口向感潮河段的上游依次推迟,落潮时刻由感潮河段的上游向河口依次推迟.温、盐分布情况受径流和潮流共同作用,径流对表层水体温度、盐度影响剧烈.在观测时间,观测区域内,温度变化范围在24.9-30.1℃,盐度变化范围在4.1-33.7.输沙量计算结果显示,在测量期间,壶江水道和熨斗水道落潮输沙量大于涨潮输沙量,河口输沙以河流输沙为主.     

长江河口东风西沙水库最长连续不宜取水天数数值模拟

应用改进的长江河口盐水入侵三维数值模式,计算东风西沙水库最长不宜取水天数.利用2007—2008年10个水文站盐度资料对模式进行了验证,计算结果与实测值吻合良好.以径流量特枯的1978—1979年作为水文计算年,考虑三峡工程、南水北调东线工程和沿江引排水对大通实测逐日径流量的修正,并考虑潮汐、风应力和混合等作用,采用2008年实测地形资料,计算得出最长连续不宜取水天数为26 d.这一重要参数已在水库建设中采用,为崇明岛生态岛的建设和淡水资源的保障及安全提供了科技支撑.     

长江河口北支建闸对减轻盐水入侵的数值模拟

枯季长江河口盐水入侵的最大特色是北支盐水倒灌,它是南支东风西沙、太仓和陈行水库盐水的唯一来源,也是青草沙水库盐水的主要来源.考虑潮汐和气候态1月和2月的径流量与风况,采用已严格验证过的长江河口盐水入侵三维数值模式,模拟和分析北支上段建闸前后盐水入侵的变化.模拟结果表明:在北支上段建闸后,整个南支全为淡水,北支盐水倒灌南支的现象消失,北支上段盐度明显下降;在东风西沙、太仓和陈行水库取水口盐度接近0;在青草沙水库取水口盐度大幅下降,几乎所有时间盐度都低于0.45,全为淡水.数值试验中,闸门的运行方式采用两种方案:全天落潮流期间开闸、夜里涨潮流期间关闸、白天涨潮流期间开闸,以及全天落潮流期间开闸、夜里和白天涨潮流期间关闸.两者的试验结果中南支盐度变化几乎一致,原因在于前者的运行方式已经使得北支上段盐水入侵大幅减弱,出现盐度接近0.45的淡水区域;即使白天涨潮流期间开闸,其间进入南支的也是淡水,并且增加了南支向海的总余流.从数值模拟的结果和闸门运行的成本考虑,推荐前者的北支建闸运行方案.北支建闸极大地提高了上海东风西沙、陈行和青草沙水库取水时间,同样极大地提高了江苏太仓水库的取水时间,保障了两地的供水安全.     

不同潮型和风况下青草沙水库取水口盐水入侵来源

本文应用2013年12月和2014年2月青草沙水库取水口实测盐度和数值模式计算的流速流向,分析水库取水口盐水入侵的来源.2013年12月枯季在一般径流量和风况的情况下,大潮、大潮后中潮和小潮前期水库取水口盐水来源于上游的北支倒灌,小潮中后期、小潮后中潮盐水入侵来源于北港下游外海的盐水入侵.观测资料发现2014年2月长江河口盐水入侵是近几十年来发生过的最严重盐水入侵事件,导致青草沙不宜取水的时间达到23 d,对上海的安全供水造成了严重威胁.2014年2月枯季在一般径流量和持续偏北大风15 d情况下,所有4个潮型中青草沙水库取水口盐水均来自北港外海的正面入侵.     

冬季陆架环流对长江河口盐水入侵的影响

应用改进的三维ECOM模式,研究冬季陆架环流对长江河口盐水入侵的影响。模式计算结果较好地再现了台湾暖流、苏北沿岸流、长江入海径流和长江河口盐水入侵的基本特征。在不考虑台湾暖流情况下,沿岸向南的苏北沿岸流向南扩展,使长江口门处盐度增大,整个河口盐水入侵加剧。在不考虑苏北沿岸流情况下,台湾暖流由于北上的阻力减弱,北上加深,使长江冲淡水的扩展方向整体向北偏转,苏北沿岸和北支口盐度明显减小,北支盐水入侵和倒灌减弱,而北港、北槽和南槽盐水入侵加强。在不考虑台湾暖流和苏北沿岸流情况下,长江入海径流向北偏转,大量长江入海冲淡水向北输运,导致北支口和苏北沿岸盐度显著下降,北支盐水入侵明显减弱。入海向北冲淡水输运的增加,导致相应的向南冲淡水输运的减小,北港、北槽和南槽口门处盐度上升,北港、北槽和南槽盐水入侵加强。长江口外陆架环流对盐水入侵和口外盐度分布起着重要的作用,是一个不能忽略的动力因子。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.