低温NH_3-SCR催化剂概述

介绍了NOx来源及消除方法,着重分析了催化剂类型、温度、空速、NH3/NO、O2、H2O和SO2因素对NH3-SCR脱硝的影响,综述了近年来低温NH3-SCR脱硝催化剂的研究进展,并展望了NH3-SCR脱硝催化剂的未来发展方向。     

制备方法对FeMnCeOx催化剂(超)低温NH3-SCR性能的影响

锰基催化剂在(超)低温氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)反应中具有优异的催化性能,但抗硫性差等问题限制了其进一步工业化应用.通过改变活性组分比例及调控制备方法等手段对FeMnCeOx催化剂的理化性质和NH3-SCR催化性能进行了优化研究,结果表明:采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的FeMnCeOx(S)催化剂比采用共沉淀法制备的F...     

钒钛系SCR脱硝催化剂在高硫高钙灰条件下的适应性研究

我国的SCR脱硝技术应用开始起步,催化剂的选型及运行经验不足,特别是对高硫、高钙灰的运行经验更为缺乏。本文介绍了在模拟高硫、高钙灰的试验烟气环境下,钒钛系中温SCR脱硝催化在NH3/NOx,SO2,空速,O2,H2O等参数变化时对脱硝效率的影响;通过试验,对催化剂的抗毒性能、再生性能进行了初步研究,以期为工业化的催化剂选型提供参考。     

浅析锅炉SNCR与SCR联合脱硝方式

通过试验数据表明,SNCR+SCR联合脱硝系统,通过不同的组合方式,使进入SCR催化剂入口截面的NH3、NOx浓度分布尽量均匀,达到提高SCR催化剂的使用功效,即试验目的是提高SNCR+SCR整体脱硝效率,而不是单独提高的SNCR或SCR脱硝效率,SCR充分利用SNCR的没有反应的逃逸氨气,进一步提高了脱硝效率。这种SNCR+SCR联合的脱硝工艺的成功应用,给我国脱硝领域开辟了新的技术形式。     

钨掺杂对MnCeTiOx催化剂脱硝性能的影响及其机理

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列W掺杂的MnCeTiOx催化剂，考察了W掺杂对催化剂脱硝性能和抗硫中毒性能的影响。采用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱等表征手段对MnCeTiOx和W0.15MnCeTiOx催化剂的晶体结构、表面元素价态和表面反应活性物种进行了表征分析。探讨了W掺杂提高MnCeTiOx催化剂脱硝性能和抗硫性能的反应机理。结果表明，W掺杂一方面有利于提高催化剂表面Ce3+和Mn3+物种的相对含量，另一方面使催化剂表面参与SCR反应的活性物种更加丰富，从而提高了催化剂脱硝性能和N2选择性。W掺杂也有利于抑制硫酸盐物种在催化剂表面的生成和沉积，从而提高了催化剂的抗硫中毒性能。     

低温SCR脱硝催化剂综述

目前氮氧化物(NOx)的污染越来越严重,低温选择性催化还原法(SCR)脱硝催化技术作为新型的、具有潜力的烟气脱硝技术,备受人们关注。综述了低温SCR脱硝催化剂的的研究现状,着重介绍了锰基催化剂、钒基催化剂以及其他金属氧化物催化剂的研究进展,阐述了不同种类的催化剂制备方法、载体,以及使用不同种类的金属氧化物活性组分对催化剂活性和脱硝效率的影响,探讨了低温SCR催化剂的脱硝机理,同时介绍了烟气中水蒸气和SO2对催化过程的影响。     

V2O5/TiO2烟气脱硝催化剂的钾、钠、锌、磷中毒及再生

为研究SCR脱硝催化剂的钾、钠、锌、磷中毒,采用K,Na,Zn的氯盐和P的铵盐作为V2O5/TiO2催化剂中毒的前驱体,研究了4种物质对氨法SCR脱硝反应的影响.通过比较水洗、酸洗和氯化铵洗涤3种再生方式,对钾盐中毒的V2O5/TiO2催化剂进行了再生性能研究.最后对于新型抗中毒催化剂的制备进行了探索.实验结果表明:钾盐对于V2O5/TiO2催化剂的毒化作用最强;酸洗具有最佳的再生效果,钾盐中毒的催化剂经酸洗再生后,脱硝活性在一定条件下高于新鲜催化剂;通过添加助剂磷钨酸,V2O5/TiO2催化剂的活性温度窗口得以拓宽,且抗钾盐中毒能力也得到了提高.     

La_(1-x)Ce_xMnO_3/赤铁矿催化剂的制备与低温SCR脱硝特性

采用柠檬酸络合浸渍法在赤铁矿上负载活性物质锰酸镧(LaMnO_3),并通过调节Ce离子掺杂量、活性物质负载量,制备了一系列用于烟气SCR脱硝的催化剂.实验考察了NH3还原剂条件下La1-xCexMnO3/赤铁矿催化剂的低温催化脱硝活性,采用XRD,BET,H2-TPR和NH3-TPD等表征方法对催化剂晶体结构、比表面积和氧化还原性等进行研究.结果表明,LaMnO_3/赤铁矿催化剂具有较好的催化活性,Ce的适量掺杂可改善LaMnO_3/赤铁矿催化剂的氧化还原能力、NH3分子的吸附能力和表面微观形貌,并使活性物质均匀负载在载体表面上,促使反应物NH_3,O_2,NO更容易吸附在催化剂表面发生反应,提高脱硝效率,改善LaMnO_3/赤铁矿催化剂的低温活性,La0.8Ce0.2MnO_3/赤铁矿催化剂在空速9000h-1,180℃条件下催化还原NO转化率可达98%.     

CeO_2-TiO_2催化剂低温协同控制燃煤NO_x与汞

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了CeO_2-TiO_2(Ce Ti)催化剂,并采用BET,XRD和XPS等分析技术对催化剂进行表征。在固定床实验装置上研究Ce Ti催化剂的低温选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝及汞氧化性能。研究结果表明:铈氧化物在催化剂表面高度分散,催化剂比表面积较大,具有丰富的表面活性氧;在250℃下,Ce Ti催化剂的汞氧化效率可达80%以上,NO还原效率可达99%;在无O2条件下,NH3显著降低催化剂的汞氧化性能,在有O2条件下,NH3微弱抑制催化剂的汞氧化活性;NO在无O2条件下会抑制汞的氧化,在有O2条件下,NO对汞的氧化起促进作用;SCR脱硝及汞氧化过程的相互影响不明显;采用Ce Ti催化剂可以在低温条件下实现NO与汞的协同控制。     

SCR烟气脱硝反应器整流装置和烟道导流板采用流场模拟优化设计

SCR烟气脱硝反应器的性能主要取决于进入脱硝反应器内的NOx与NH3的混合均匀度及混合气体在进入第一层催化剂前温度、速度分布的均匀性和烟气进入催化剂前流向角偏。该文以某燃煤锅炉烟气脱硝工程的SCR装置为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法研究反应器内烟气的流动分布,在此基础上,对导流板及整流格栅进行简化,在保证混合气体进入第一层催化剂前的流向角偏差小于10°,提高了脱硝反应器的性能,进一步优化了SCR反应器的运行。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.