KINETIC STUDY ON THE EXTRACTION OF THALLIUM （Ⅲ）WITH DI （2-ETHYLHEXYL） SULFOXIDE FROM HYDROCHIORIC ACID MEDIA

The extraction of thallium (Ⅲ) with di (2-ethylhexyl) sulfoxide from hydrochloric acid media was studied by means of single-drop method.An extraction rate expression and the activation energysupport a mechanism,in which the ratelimiting step is HTlCl4 DEHSO(i) =HTlCl4DEHSO(i).     

Spontaneous vesicle formation from DSB／AOT mixed system

Spontaneous vesicles from the aqueous mixtures of dodecyl sulfonate betaine (DSB) and sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) at certain mixing ratios have been demonstrated by using calorimetry, freeze-frac-ture transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), negative-staining TEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. The addition of NaCl will promote vesicle formation and the heat effect of monodisperse vesicle system is greatest. Meanwhile the mechanism was analyzed from the viewpoint of packing parameter f, molecular geometry structure and interaction.     

Interactions between crystal violet and AOT in aqueous solutions and in A OT／isooctane／water microemulsions

The absorbance of crystal violet (CV) in a series of aqueous solutions and a series of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/isooctane/water microemulsions has been determined. Association models have been used to analyse the experimental data to obtain the association constants of CV and AOT in the above two media. It was found that about up to 57% CV was associated by AOT in AOT/isooctane/water microemulsions, which reduced the reaction rate of alkaline fading of crystal violet in the microemulsions.     

Surface modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their magnetic properties

Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and the influences of the surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuecinate (AOT) on the particles were investigated. The structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of the products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It is confirmed that the as-prepared nanoparticles have been modified by using the surfactant during the synthesis process. The amount of the surfactant has an effect on the size, the dispersal, and the magnetic properties of the particles. Besides, the mechanisms of the influences were also discussed.     

LYAPUNOV''''S STABILITY ON SOLUTION OF A CLASS OF SYSTEM OF INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND APPLICATION IN POPULATION CONTROL WITH ILLNESS

In this paper, we will discuss a class of integro-differential system of equations. It is a mathematicalmodel which is drown from the practical problems of the population control system with illness:where 0 相似文献   

Effects of the dispersed droplet sizes on the critical behavior of pseudobinary microemulsion

The critical behavior of pseudobinary microemulsion systems{water/sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfo- succinate(AOT)/n-decane}with various droplet sizes was studied by measurements of refractive index. It was found that the critical exponentsβfor all systems approach 0.327 in a region sufficiently close to the critical temperature,which is consistent with 3D-Ising universality class.The critical temperatures linearly decrease as the dispersed droplet sizes increase.The critical amplitude almost linearly in- creases with increasing the dispersed droplet sizes.     

Effect of particle size on phase structure of ZrO2 produced by hydrolysis of ZrOCl2 solution

A method to produce ZrO₂ nano-particles is developed and the effect of particle size on the phase structure of ZrO₂ is studied. The method is based on the hydrolysis of ZrOCl₂ solution in the reverse micelles of a liquid-liquid two-phase system, in which AOT (sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinite) and toluene are chosen as the surfactant and organic phase, respectively. The reverse micelles prevent the aggregation of primary particles, the nano-particle size increases as the AOT content decreases. The TEM,XRD and particle-size analysis results show that the occurrence of metastable tetragonal ZrO₂ is attributed to the effect of the particle size other than the effect of the crystallite size. The ratio of t-phase to m-phase increases as the particle size decreases, and 28 nm is the critical size for t-phase to m-phase transformation.     

Preparation of Chitosan-g-PAMPS in H2O/scCO2 Inverse Emulsion

Chitosan(CS)was successfully modified in supercritical carbon dioxide(scCO2)by grafting method to enhance its water solubility.In this work,a three-arm star-like fluorinated polymer was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP)method and applied as a surfactant in supercritical carbon dioxide(scCO2).Then 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid(AMPS)was grafted onto CS(CS-g-PAMPS)in H2O/scCO2inverse emulsion.The effects of mass ratio of water and surfactants(R w/s)and pressure of scCO2on the grafting reaction were investigated.The grafting rate,particle size,and dispersity in water of CS-g-PAMPS varied greatly as R w/s and pressure of scCO2changed.It could be found that the value of R w/s at 12 and the pressure of scCO2at 30 MPa were the optimum conditions for the grafting reaction.CS-g-PAMPS prepared in this reaction system has higher grafting rate,smaller particle sizes,and better dispersity in water than those prepared via conventional methods.     

ON THE SIMULTANEOUS TRANSFORMATION OF A HERMITIAN MATRIX AND A SYMMETRIC OR SKEW-SYMMETRIC MATRIX.

Let A1,A2 be two matrices of the same size over the complex field, with A1'= A1 and A1' = sA2 (s= ±1). In the text such a pair of matrices is called a ΦS, pair, and, according as s= +1 or -1, we speak of Φ+-pairs or Φs-pairs. By a transformation @ of a Φs pair (A1, A2) we mean the transformation which changes (A1, A2) into the Φs-pair (PA1P', PA2P'), where P is some non-singular matrix. If (A1, A2) is a Φ-pair, the Hermitian pencil of matricesis called in the text the associated pencil of the pair (A1, A2).     

Robust strictly positive real synthesis for *the fourth-order convex commnations

For the two fourth-order polynomials a ( s ) and b ( s ), the Hurrwitz stability of their convex combina tion is necessary and snfficient for the existence of a polynomial c (s) such that c ( s ) / a ( s ) and c ( s ) / b ( s ) are both strictly positive real.     

A necessary and sufficient condition on robust SPR stabilizability for low degree systems

For low degree systems (n≤3), it is verified that all convex combination of α(s) and b (s) keeping Hurwitzness is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of c (s) such that both c(s)/α(s) and c(s)/b(s) areSPR.     

CO2 activation on bimetallic CuNi nanoparticles

A trio of thiolate-protected atomically precise gold nanoclusters, [Au23(S-c-C6H11)16]–, Au24(SCH2pHtBu)20 and [Au25(SCH2CH2pH)18]–, are utilized as catalysts for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). Despite nearly identical sizes (~1 nm), the three nanoclusters possess distinctly different atomic packing structures and surface ligand binding modes, which contribute to different catalytic performance. The [Au23(S-c-C6H11)16]– nanocluster shows the highest activity with a kinetic rate constant of 0.0370 s?1, which is higher than those of Au24(SCH2pHtBu)20 (0.0090 s?1) and [Au25(SCH2CH2pH)18]– (0.0242 s?1). Such a trio of gold nanoclusters indicate that the atomic packing mode and electronic structure play a crucial role in determining their catalytic performance.     

Brazing of micrograin-filled quartz fiber reinforced silica composites and Invar using Ag-21Cu-4.5Ti alloy

Brazing of quartz fiber reinforced silica composites (QFSC) to Invar alloy was carried out in a vacuum at 1173 K for 10 min using Ag-21Cu-4.5Ti metal filler.Experiments indicated that composites prefilled with CaCO3 micrograins had good wettability.The CaCO3 decomposed to CaO during brazing.After brazing,a joint of structure QFSC/3CaO·2SiO2+Ti3O5+Fe2Ti+NiTi+Ag(s,s)+ Cu(s,s)/Invar was established.The shear strength of the brazed joint reached 11.6 MPa at room temperature,which is about five times the shear strength of that obtained without surface filling.     

地球1阶后牛顿引力势的规范的选择

The Earth‘s gravitational potential (GP) can be expanded in two forms. (1) spherical harmonics expansion； (2)expansion in terms of multipole moments (MPM) that are Cartesian symmetric and trace-free (STP) tensors. Two kinds of expressions of the GP are essentially e-     

Effect of Copper Content on the Direct Process of Organosilane Synthesis from Silicon and Methyl Chloride

Introduction The direct process of producing methylchlorosilane was first demonstrated by Rochow[1]. Rochow discov-ered that copper acts as catalyst with the normal reac-tion in the presence of copper given by: CuSi (s) 2CH 3C l( g) ??→ (CH3 )2 SiCl2 (…     

Preparation of silicon carbide nitride films on Si substrate by pulsed high-energy density plasma

Thin films of silicon carbide nitride (SiCN) were prepared on (111) oriented silicon substrates by pulsed high-energy density plasma (PHEDP). The evolution of the chemical bonding states between silicon, nitrogen and carbon was investigated as a function of discharge voltage using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. With an increase in discharge voltage both the C 1s and N 1s spectra shift to lower binding energy due to the formation of C-Si and N-Si bonds. The Si-C-N bonds were observed in the deconvolved C 1s and N 1s spectra. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results show that there were no crystals in the films. The thickness of the films was approximately 1-2 μm with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

Property (ω) for operator matrices

In this note,property (ω)and property 1 (ω)are variants of Weyl’s theorem. By means of topological uniform descent, the sufficient and necessary conditions of a bounded linear operator defined on a Hilbert space that satisfies property 1 (ω) and property (ω)is studied. Moreover, property 1 (ω)and property (ω)of 2 2operator matrices are discussed as well.     

Estimation on the response of glaciers in China to the global warming in the 21st century

Glaciers in China can be categorized into 3 types, i.e. the maritime (temperate) type, sub-continental (sub-polar) type and extreme Continental (polar) type, which take 22%, 46% and 32% of the total existing glacier area (59 406 km2) respectively. Researches indicate that glaciers of the three types show different response patterns to the global warming. Since the Maxima of the Little Ice Age (the 17th century), air temperature has risen at a magnitude of 1.3℃on average and the glacier area decreased corresponds to 20% of the present total glacier area in western China. it is estimated that air temperature rise in the 2030s, 2070s and 2100s will be of the order of 0.4-1.2, 1.2-2.7 and 2.1-4.0 K in western China. With these scenarios, glaciers in China will suffer from further shrinkage by 12%, 28% and 45% by the 2030s, 2070s and 2100s. The uncertainties may account for 30%-67% in 2100 in China.     

China＇s sizeable and uncertain carbon sink： a perspective from GOSAT

Despite the agreement that China’s terrestrial ecosystems can provide a carbon sink and offset carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions from fossil fuels,the magnitude and spatial distribution of the sink remain uncertain.Accurate quantification of the carbon sequestration capacity of China’s terrestrial ecosystems has profound scientific and policy implications.Here,we report on the magnitude and patterns of China’s terrestrial carbon sink using the global monthly CO2flux data product from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite(GOSAT),the world’s first satellite dedicated to global greenhouse gas observation.We use the first year’s data from GOSAT(June 2009–May2010)that are currently available to assess China’s biospheric carbon fluxes.Our results show that China’s terrestrial ecosystems provide a carbon sink of-0.21 Pg C a-1.The consumption of fossil fuels in China leads to carbon dioxide emissions of 1.90 Pg C a-1into the atmosphere,approximately 11.1%of which is offset by China’s terrestrial ecosystems.China’s terrestrial ecosystems play a significant role in offsetting fossil fuel emissions and slowing down the buildup of CO2in the atmosphere.Our analysis based on GOSAT data offers a new perspective on the magnitude and distribution of China’s carbon sink.Our results show that China’s terrestrial ecosystems provide a sizeable and uncertain carbon sink,and further research is needed to reduce the uncertainty in its magnitude and distribution.     

Characterization of MHC class II A genes in Hainan Eld’s deer (Cervus eldi hainanus)

The major histocompatibility complex(MHC) genes play pivotal roles in the immune system of vertebrates against antigens.They are also significant indicators of genetic structure,and are vital to species-level population viability analyses and disease risk assessments.In this study,two DRA and two DQA sequences were isolated from Hainan Eld’s deer(Cervus eldi hainanus) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE) and single-strand conformation polymorphism-heteroduplex(SSCP-HD) analysis.Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed large differences between the two DQA sequences,especially in their exon 2 regions,but only minimal differences between the variants of the DRA gene.Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of the Ceel-MHC class Ⅱ A variants with those from six other species revealed that these molecules share high homology among ruminants.A phylogenetic tree of four class Ⅱ A sequences from Hainan Eld’s deer and the other species placed the newly identified DQA and DRA genes on two distinct branches(100%-supportively),and further divided the two DQA sequences into 98%-supportive DQA1 and 99%-supportive DQA2 clusters,respectively.Therefore,this study identified monomorphic Ceel-DQA1 and Ceel-DQA2 genes,and one dimorphic Ceel-DRA gene from Hainan Eld’s deer.