标准样件的材料热膨胀系数

材料热膨胀系数的精确获得具有重要的理论研究与应用价值.选用方体、圆柱体和球体三种典型形体试件,对样件形体特征参数在材料热膨胀系数中的影响进行了实验测定和分析,表明了样件形体尺寸对材料热膨胀系数的影响是不容忽视的.经过分析比较,指出球体作为标准样件具有较好的稳定性,有利于获得稳定的材料热膨胀系数值.该方面的发现对材料热物性理论及生产实践具有重要的理论研究与实用价值.     

烧成曲线对合成堇青石热膨胀系数的影响

研究了不同烧成曲线对合成堇青石材料热膨胀系数的影响,提出了一种降低堇青石材料热膨胀系数的新途径。结果表明,采用成核-生长曲线法烧成时,试样的热膨胀系数为1.6-1.8×10-6/℃左右,比采用直接升温法时的热膨胀系数(2.0-2.4×10-6/℃)的值降低0.3-0.5×10-6/℃左右。     

烧成曲线对合成堇青石热膨胀系数的影响

研究了不同烧成曲线对合成堇青石材料热膨胀系数的影响,提出了一种降低堇青石材料热膨胀系数的新途径.结果表明,采用成核-生长曲线法烧成时,试样的热膨胀系数为1.6～1.8×10-6/℃左右,比采用直接升温法时的热膨胀系数(2.0～2.4×10-6/℃)的值降低0.3～0.5×10-6/℃左右.     

低维材料热膨胀系数测量装置

准确测量不同材料的热膨胀系数，是航天和超导等领域中大型工程项目进行材料选择和结构设计的前提．对于具有一定厚度的三维结构材料，目前有多种测量热膨胀系数的方法．其中应变片法是一种较为简单且常用的方法．但由于低维材料(一维线材和二维带材)自身强度低和不能承压，目前只有测量薄膜厚度方向热膨胀系数的方法，     

ZrO2/β-ZrWMoO8可控热膨胀复合材料的制备

采用共沉淀法成功制备了纯度较高的各向同性的负热膨胀材料β-ZrWMoO8.将ZrO2与β-ZrWMoO8按一定比例机械混合,在1 020 ℃烧结2 h制备了热膨胀系数可控的ZrO2/β-ZrWMoO8复合材料.以X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对所得材料结构及形貌进行表征,以热膨胀仪测定复合材料热膨胀系数.研究结果表明:在30～600 ℃温度区间内,所得ZrO2/β-ZrWMoO8复合材料的热膨胀系数皆线性一致,并且可以通过改变β-ZrWMoO8的质量分数,将复合材料的热膨胀系数控制为正、负或0.当β-ZrWMoO8的质量分数为50%时,复合材料的热膨胀系数接近0.     

硬化水泥砂浆热膨胀系数影响因素

热膨胀性能是影响水泥基材料温度变形和开裂的重要指标.通过对硬化砂浆不同龄期热膨胀系数的测定,研究了水胶比、胶集比、矿物掺合料种类、粉煤灰掺量和细集料种类对砂浆热膨胀系数的影响规律.结果表明,硬化砂浆的热膨胀系数随水胶比和胶集比的增加而增大,其本质区别是用水量和水泥用量增加导致的水泥石热膨胀系数变化.矿粉能够增加砂浆的热膨胀系数,而粉煤灰则起抑制作用,热膨胀系数随着粉煤灰掺量的增加而降低.在对砂浆热膨胀系数的降低效果方面,大理岩砂玄武岩砂砂岩砂天然砂.     

基于均匀化理论的复合材料热膨胀系数预测方法

建立了基于均匀化理论的复合材料热膨胀系数预测方法。给出了预测热膨胀系数的细观均匀化问题的形式及其有限元求解过程。利用该方法预测了空心材料和单向纤维复合材料的热膨胀系数。所得结果与理论分析结果和实验值吻合较好，说明该方法是可靠的。     

薄膜线膨胀系数的一种精确测量方法

热膨胀系数(α)是衡量材料性能优劣的一个重要参数,但目前对薄膜试样热膨胀系数测量方法的文献报道较少.具体介绍一种采用热机械分析仪测量薄膜试样热膨胀系数的方法.在此基础上分析引起测量误差的原因,并通过参比铜箔对仪器进行了校正,获得仪器的修正参数.结果表明,通过校正消减了仪器自身热膨胀,能精确求出薄膜的热膨胀系数.     

高硅铝合金材料高温充氧氧化工艺

针对应用广泛的高硅铝合金电子封装材料,采用高温充氧氧化工艺,对已挤压成形的Al-30Si及Al-40Si高硅铝合金材料进行后续处理,通过扫描电镜、金相显微镜、热物性测试仪及电子万能拉伸试验机等,对材料显微组织、密度、气密性、热膨胀系数、热导率及抗压强度进行了分析比较。研究结果表明:高温充氧氧化后材料晶粒长大,Si含量高的材料长大更为明显,并存在Si颗粒偏聚现象;高温氧化后材料致密度增加,气密性提高;氧化后Al-30Si材料热膨胀系数略有增加,而充氧氧化对Al-40Si材料的热膨胀系数的影响不明显,但可提高材料热导率,Al-30Si与Al-40Si材料热导率分别提高16.4%和23.5%;高温氧化工艺显著降低材料抗压强度,Al-30Si与Al-40Si材料经氧化后抗压强度分别下降26.8%和20.5%。     

材料热膨胀系数非一致性的原因

在精密测量和精密工程技术领域，影响精度的众多因素中，温度变化引起的热变形误差所占的比重越来越大，因此对热误差修正的好坏直接影响着精度。各种手册或工具书中提供的材料热膨胀系数一致性较差，给正确引用带来了困难。为此，系统地分析了造成这种非一致性的主要原因，指出热膨胀系数定义的差异，测量方法的差异，试样化学成分、加工方法和形体尺寸的差异是造成各种手册或工具书上热膨胀系数非一致性的主要原因。该研究为在工程实际中选用恰当的材料热膨胀系数提供了依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.