HA/316L不锈钢对称功能梯度生物复合材料的力学性能

采用干粉叠层法和热压工艺制备HA/316L不锈钢对称功能梯度生物复合材料,使用三点弯曲法测定HA/316L不锈钢对称功能梯度生物复合材料试样的抗弯强度和弹性模量,并借助扫描电子显微镜对试样对表面形貌和微观结构进行观察和表征,利用场发射高分辨扫描电子显微镜对试样进行元素线扫描分析.研究结果表明:通过控制HA粉末的含量(体积分数)在20%～40%之间时,所得复合材料的抗弯强度和弹性模量分别与人体骨的强度和模量相匹配,得到生物力学相容性好的复合材料;HA/316L不锈钢复合材料各梯度层之间过渡自然,没有明显的宏观界面、缺陷和裂纹等,梯度层内部和界面处两相分布均匀,且各成分均呈现连续的梯度分布,界面结合紧密.     

钛基/涂层型羟基磷灰石功能梯度生物材料研究进展

钛及钛合金是常用的医用生物材料,虽具有良好的生物相容性,但缺乏骨诱导能力,而羟基磷灰石(HA)有良好的生物活性能诱导骨生长,钛基/涂层型HA功能梯度生物材料(FGM)为解决二者的结合提供了新的思路.钛基/涂层型HA FGM其设计主要分为组成成分的梯度设计与孔隙梯度变化2种,通过基体与涂层表面之间形成逐渐过渡的功能梯度,能显著提高材料的机械强度和生物骨诱导能力.概述其设计、制备及性能评价等最新研究,为临床运用提供参考.     

自蔓延预热粉体爆炸固结Mo/Cu FGM

采用新型水介质双向爆炸固结装置,结合自蔓延预热粉体技术制备了Mo/Cu功能梯度材料(FGM).观测了Mo/Cu FGM的显微结构,分析了爆炸固结机制.所制备样品的相对密度从Mo层的94.2%到Cu层的98.4%,呈现良好的梯度变化,样品整体相对密度达95.5%.Mo/Cu FGM电导率为国际退火铜标准(IACS)的27%.第3层、第4层的热导率分别为204.76和249.71 W·m-1·K-1.Mo/Cu FGM第1层与第2层的剪切强度为214.8Mpa.     

基于分层线性离散模型的FGM板断裂力学分析

为对功能梯度材料(FGM)板进行断裂力学分析,提出了施加温度场建立FGM板分层线性离散模型的方法.采用该方法、梯度有限元法和常规有限元法对FGM板的应力场和位移场进行对比分析,结果表明该方法简便可行.在所提方法的基础上,采用扩展有限元法求解含裂纹FGM板的位移场,再利用位移外推法计算裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,通过上述方法对不同材料梯度参数、裂纹尺寸、裂纹倾斜角的FGM板裂纹尖端应力强度因子进行数值模拟.计算结果表明,合理地选择FGM板的梯度参数并控制裂纹尺寸能有效降低裂纹尖端应力强度因子.所提出的方法可推广应用于材料梯度分布为任意连续变化的FGM板断裂力学分析.     

SiC/C功能梯度材料的制备

以经典无限大叠板理论和热弹性力学为基础,通过自选开发的计算机辅助设计系统对SiC/C FGM中的热应力分布进行了理论分析,得到制备SiC/C的功能梯度材料最佳工艺参数,采用热压烧结工艺,在1950℃,25MPa和保温1h的条件下制备出了F4和F7两种无宏观缺陷的块体SiC/C功能梯度材料,采用SEM对FGM微观结构进行了观察。500℃室温淬水实验表明,按最佳参数制备的功能梯度材料F7具有良好的抗热震性能。     

Ti/Al2O3梯度功能材料抗热震性能评价

采用热压烧结（HP）技术制备了界面结合紧密、结构完整的Ti／Al2O3梯度功能材料，并分别在1000℃、600℃温差下对其抗热冲击及抗热疲劳性能进行了研究。结果表明：在热冲击和热疲劳实验过程中材料均无梯度层间横向贯穿裂纹，没有发生失稳断裂，具有良好的抗热冲击性能和热应力缓和性能。     

羟基磷灰石/钛网状复合材料的制备及其性能

以Ca(OH)2和H3PO4为反应物,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了羟基磷灰石(HA)粉体;用机械混合法制备了TiH2包覆HA的粉体;用热压法制备了纯HA陶瓷材料及HA/Ti复合材料.XRD相分析结果表明:通过溶胶-凝胶法制备的HA粉体,经过900℃煅烧2 h后,粉体的主晶相为HA,有少量的CaO;HA/TiH2包覆粉末经1 050℃热压后,复合材料中的主要相是HA和Ti,同时出现了Ca2P2O7和Ca3(PO4)2相.1 050℃热压的HA/25%Ti(体积分数)复合材料的断裂韧性为2.4 MPa.m-1/2,抗弯强度为54 MPa,均高于纯HA材料.显微组织的观察表明金属钛在材料中呈网状分布,网状...     

S型B4C-SiC/C功能梯度材料的设计和制备

对（ｌ－×）（８０％Ｂ４ＣＣ－２０％ＳｉＣ）／ｘ Ｃ（体积分数）功能梯度材料的 ×＝０． ２, ０．４, ０．６, ０．８的各层 分别在２０００℃,２０ＭＰａ进行了热压,测定了各层的密度,线膨胀系数,弹性模量和抗弯强度等． 按线性成分分布函数的６层和１１层梯度材料热压后都出现了裂纹．采用了不同于幂函数的Ｓ 型成分分布函数设计,热压了１１层（×＝０．２～１．０）的功能梯度材料,其抗弯强度为２１６ＭＰａ,抗热震 性＞５００℃．     

涂层对三维碳纤维编织体/Al2O3陶瓷复合材料性能的影响

从自制的SiO2和SiC涂层/三维碳纤维编织体出发,采用溶胶浸渍-原位分解法得到三维碳纤维编织体/涂层/Al2O3陶瓷复合材料.采用等温氧化失重、XRD、SEM、电子拉伸试验等测试手段研究了涂层对碳纤维编织体抗氧化性、复合材料力学性能的影响及复合材料的强韧化机理.结果表明:涂层可明显提高碳纤维编织体的抗氧化性能;梯度SiC涂层可明显改善纤维与陶瓷颗粒的界面结合性能,使复合材料的强度、断裂韧性和弹性模量分别增加5~10倍,材料的断裂呈层间紧密的复合断裂;裂纹扩展和断口分析表明,复合材料的强韧化机理为Cf的拔出、桥接和诱导裂纹偏转.     

UHMWPE背板铺层角度对陶瓷复合靶板抗弹性的影响

由于背板强度对陶瓷/纤维复合装甲的抗弹性能存在明显影响，采用12.7 mm穿燃弹(刚脆性)冲击实验研究了不同UHMWPE背板铺层角度对陶瓷/纤维复合装甲弹道冲击性能的影响.通过观测回收的弹芯、靶体陶瓷及纤维背板宏观破坏特征，分析了陶瓷/纤维复合装甲的耗能机理及抗弹性能.试验结果表明，陶瓷锥是陶瓷面板的主要破坏模式，其宏观裂纹主要有:径向、环向及与锥形裂纹；纤维背板变形模式为动态锥形鼓包及边界褶皱，其破坏失效模式有:剪切失效及层间剥离.并且，背板强度对陶瓷/纤维复合靶板的抗弹性能有明显影响，随着UHMWPE背板铺层角度的减小，背板强度以及陶瓷/纤维靶板整体结构刚度随之增大，靶板对弹芯的破碎作用越明显，冲击后剩余弹芯最大碎片质量减小，小碎块数量增多，弹丸碎块穿透靶板后剩余侵彻能力减弱，复合靶板整体抗弹性能增加，同时背板鼓包高度减小，锥形鼓包所形成的角度增大，纤维层合板的破坏失效模式从剪切失效向层间剥离转变.      

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.