嗜热厌氧产乙醇杆菌乙醇代谢途径的初步研究

以乙醇产量和细胞密度的提高为目标,从碳源和氮源入手,对嗜热厌氧产乙醇杆菌THermoanaerobacter ethanolicus JW200的培养基作了初步优化以提高乙醇代谢途径中的关键酶的得率,便于提纯.葡萄糖浓度的提高对乙醇的产生有明显的诱导作用,但当葡萄糖浓度高于2%,乙醇产量反而下降.酵母粉对乙醇产量没有促进作用,单纯提高酵母粉浓度对细胞密度无显著影响,而同时提高葡萄糖和酵母粉浓度至2.0%,OD600最高可达2.0.2%葡萄糖,0.5%酵母粉对单位细胞乙醇产量的诱导效果最佳.T.ethanolicusJW200粗酶液中未检测到丙酮酸脱羧酶的活性,经亲和柱Cibacron Blue-3GA部分纯化,在NAD洗脱蛋白中检测到辅酶A依赖型乙醛脱氢酶的活性,表明辅酶A依赖型乙醛脱氢酶是该菌乙醇代谢途径中的关键酶,它和乙醇脱氢酶共同作用,将乙酰辅酶A转化成乙醇.     

一种大规模、快速的幽门螺杆菌脲酶分离纯化方法研究

幽门螺杆菌定植于人胃黏膜并产生大量的脲酶,报道一种大规模、快速的脲酶纯化方法.脲酶用去离子水振荡及冻融法抽提,采用Q Sepharose FF阴离子交换层析,Phenyl Sepharose HP疏水相互作用和SOURCE30S阳离子交换层析等方法纯化得到脲酶,通过酚红脲酶试剂检测酶活.总蛋白回收率为2.58%,纯化后脲酶纯度大于95%,SDS-PAGE电泳显示脲酶是由相对分子质量66 000的A亚基和30 000的B亚基组成.     

粪产碱杆菌青霉素G酰化酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

采用DEAE-Sepharose阴离子交换层析和Butyl-Sepharose CL 4B疏水层析,从重组大肠杆菌DH5a菌体中分离纯化得到粪产碱杆菌青霉素G酰化酶(AfPGA).经纯化,AfPGA纯度较粗酶提高50.6倍、比活达到212.7 U/mg,经HPLC测定纯度为92.8%,收率为78%.理化性质分析表明:AfPGA含有2个亚基(α亚基和β亚基,其Mw分别为2.90×104和5.92×104;AfP-GA等电点约为7.9～8.0,最适pH约为10.0,并在pH>7.0时表现出了稳定的催化活力.     

双孢蘑菇子实体超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的分离纯化及部分性质

采用硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-Cellulose-52离子交换柱层析、Sephadex G-150分子筛柱层析分离纯化了双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)子实体超氧化物歧化酶.纯化了31倍,回收率为10.51%,纯酶比活力为5 512.6 u/mg,酶的最适作用温度为25 ℃,最适pH值为8.0,酶在25 ℃以下比较稳定,亚基分子质量为21 kD,全酶分子质量为43 kD, 该酶由2个相同的亚基组成.     

植物乙醇酸氧化酶的研究进展

乙醇酸氧化酶存在于细胞过氧化物酶体中,是光呼吸代谢的关键酶之一,能催化乙醇酸氧化生成乙醛酸,催化乙醛酸生成草酸;光呼吸与农业生产关系紧密.乙醇酸氧化酶是一种黄素蛋白,不同来源的乙醇酸氧化酶全酶分子质量和亚基相差很大.     

PHA-L4的纯化及结构分析

通过阴离子交换层析对植物血球凝集素(PHA)提取物进行组分分离、纯化和活性检测,制得了高丝裂原活性的PHA-L4糖蛋白,并利用SDS-PAGE、质谱、N-端氨基酸序列、肽质量指纹谱等分析方法对其结构进行了鉴定.结果表明,PHA-L4是由4个PHA-L蛋白亚基组成的四聚体糖蛋白,相对分子质量为120000,每个亚基N-端第12位天冬酰胺残基被糖基化,糖基化呈现微不均一性.     

芦荟叶皮β-葡萄糖苷酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

库拉索芦荟叶皮经匀浆、柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液抽提,硫酸铵分级沉淀,DEAE-Sepharose fast flow层析和Superdex-200prep grade层析,获得电泳纯的β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-Glucosidase,BGL).纯化结果是β-葡萄糖苷酶比活力为98.48U/mg,纯化倍数为328.27倍,酶活性回收率为9.87%,全酶分子质量约为69.3kD,亚基分子质量约为69.7kD.酶学性质研究表明:β-葡萄糖苷酶的最适反应温度和最适反应pH值分别为40℃和5.0;在20~30℃及pH4.0~8.0范围内稳定性较好;最适条件下,以pNPG为底物的K_m值为2.21mmol/L,V_(max)为1.381μmol/(min·L).乙醇,抗坏血酸,Mn~(2+),K~+对该酶活性具有激活作用;SDS,Cu~(2+)对该酶活性具有强烈抑制作用;异丙醇,EDTA,尿素,Mg~(2+),Li+对该酶活性影响较小;甲醇对该酶有双重作用.     

枯草杆菌6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶的分离纯化及部分性质研究

采用DEAE—Sephaurose离子交换层析，Blue-Seplaarose CL-6B特异结合层析和Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤技术，对枯草芽孢杆菌中的6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶进行了分离纯化，纯化倍数为112．3倍，比活为1．46U／mg，回收率为8．2％，纯化酶液经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检验为单一带，测得全酶相对分子质量为107kD，具有两个分子量相同的亚基，亚基相对分子质量为51kD，最适pH值为8．0，最适温度为30℃，对热不稳定，以6-磷酸葡萄糖酸和NADP^ 为底物，其Km值分别为Km1(NADP^ )=19．8μmol／L和Km2(6-GPA)=22．6μmol／L，在5mmol／L～50mmol／L浓度范围内，Mg^ ，Ca^2 和Mn^2 对酶有激活作用，Fe^3 和Cu^2 对酶有抑制作用，K^ ，Na^ ，Cl^-，NO^-3，SO^-4对酶几乎没有影响，用PMSF，TNBS，NBS，DTT和BrAc对酶进行修饰，实验结果表明，丝氨酸、苏氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸残基可能是该酶活性中心的功能基团。     

重组人内皮抑素层析复性的相关研究

研究了由大肠杆菌表达的重组人内皮抑素(Recombinant human endostatin,rhES)的复性、纯化过程.比较先层析复性后纯化(工艺1)和先纯化后层析复性(工艺2)两种工艺的结果表明:工艺1所得rhES的收率和活性回收率分别为64.44%和213.19%,与工艺2相比分别提高8.70%和33.04%.工艺1中,研究了3种凝胶过滤柱复性及复性pH和上样蛋白浓度对复性的影响,并优化相关工艺.结果表明:在pH9.0,rhES浓度3.91 mg/mL的条件下,采用双梯度凝胶过滤Sephacryl S-100 HR进行层析复性,Sephadex G-25脱盐后,用SP Sepharose FF阳离子交换吸附纯化,获得活性回收率为213.19%,HPLC纯度为97.07%的rhES,其IC50为1.58 ug/mL.     

嗜热厌氧杆菌乳酸脱氢酶敲除对乙醇发酵的影响

为提高乙醇产率,通过同源重组的方式敲除嗜热厌氧杆菌乳酸支路中的乳酸脱氢酶基因,得到了嗜热厌氧代谢工程菌Δldh突变株.应用葡萄糖、木糖、葡萄糖/木糖混合糖3种碳源,分别对Δldh突变株与野生菌进行分批补料发酵产乙醇的研究.结果表明,与野生菌相比,Δldh突变株不仅显著提高了乙醇产率,而且提高了糖的消耗速率;Δldh突变株与野生菌都能以葡萄糖和木糖为基质生长,而与木糖为单一碳源相比,在葡萄糖/木糖共发酵时,木糖消耗速率有所降低;在以葡萄糖为单一碳源时,Δldh突变株的乙醇质量浓度和产率达到最高,分别为25.93 g/L和0.39 g/(L.h).     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.