冻土蠕变模型在ABAQUS中的二次开发

为了使广义西原模型可以描述冻土的各个变形阶段,用非线性牛顿体替代线性牛顿体进行改进,采用类比的方法将冻土单轴应力状态下的本构方程推广到三维状态;在ABAQUS中利用二次开发平台,编写了改进广义西原模型的UMAT子程序,并在单轴、三轴蠕变条件下进行检验。单轴蠕变的数值解与解析解计算结果十分吻合,两淮地区深部冻结粘土三轴蠕变试验模拟值与实验值相符。表明改进的广义西原模型可以很好地描述冻土蠕变变形特征,包括加速蠕变阶段,UMAT子程序可以用于冻结法施工工程数值模拟。     

板岩流变特性试验与模型辨识

针对江西武吉高速公路隧道的Ⅱ～Ⅴ级围岩,通过分级增量循环加卸载试验、剪切流变试验和双轴压缩流变试验研究围岩的流变特性,并对模型进行辨识.试验结果表明Ⅱ～Ⅳ级围岩具有过渡蠕变和定常蠕变过程,表现为脆性破坏;Ⅴ级围岩则具有过渡蠕变、定常蠕变和加速蠕变过程,表现为塑性破坏.通过模型辨识,采用广义Kelvin模型模拟Ⅱ～Ⅳ级围岩,采用非线性流变元件NRC模型与西原模型的串联模型模拟Ⅴ级围岩,可较好模拟围岩流变特性;同时得到与应力水平有关的围岩流变力学参数.模型辨识的方法可应用于板岩以外的其他岩石.     

考虑节理影响的岩体非线性流变模型

为研究节理岩体蠕变全过程,引入非线性黏性元件和节理裂隙塑性体,并将其与传统的伯格斯模型串联,得到一种新的复合流变模型。推导该模型一维和三维蠕变本构方程,并运用该复合模型及传统伯格斯模型分别对岩石试样蠕变实验全过程曲线进行辨识,得到模型的各项蠕变参数。研究结果表明:复合流变模型对试验数据的拟合结果明显优于传统伯格斯模型的拟合结果。该模型不仅能充分反映岩石试样的初期蠕变和稳定蠕变过程,而且能很好地描述加速蠕变过程,同时又能体现节理裂隙对蠕变的影响。     

混合花岗岩加载细观力学特性及破裂演化规律

根据室内试验获得的岩石宏观物理力学参数及岩样切片扫描图,基于颗粒流理论和PFC程序建立混合花岗岩颗粒细观几何模型,标定模型材料细观力学参数,采用Fish语言编制加载命令流并调整相应函数,对岩石单轴和三轴压缩试验进行模拟.通过对试验与模拟应力-应变曲线、AE声发射与PFC程序中“Crack”裂纹监测成果等的综合比较研究,获得荷载作用下杏山铁矿-45 m水平混合花岗岩细观力学特性、微破裂行为以及岩石微裂隙发展与宏观破裂演化规律.通过对混合花岗岩单轴和不同围压下三轴压缩PFC模拟曲线与室内试验结果的比较可知,PFC模拟能准确地表征荷载下岩石颗粒的细观力学特性和运动学行为.     

基于广义Kelvin模型的三维流变损伤本构模型

岩石加速流变阶段蠕变损伤引起的附加蠕变是导致岩石破坏加快的重要原因．以一维广义Kelvin体应力应变关系为基础,推演三维流变本构方程,并引入Kaehanov损伤演化方程,建立了基于广义Kelvin模型的三维流变损伤本构模型．通过对花岗片麻岩三轴流变试验结果的模拟,验证了该模型的有效性．结果表明：基于广义Kelvin模型的流变损伤本构模型可以反映花岗片麻岩的减速蠕变和等速蠕变过程,并且可较理想地反映加速蠕变过程．     

基于西原体模型的非定常岩石蠕变模型

为了能反映岩石稳定蠕变阶段力学参数的非线性和准确模拟岩石加速蠕变变形,通过将非线性函数引入到Kelvin模型和构建一个关于蠕变破坏时间的损伤黏性元件进而得到一个非线性损伤西原体模型;基于塑性力学理论,推导了该模型的本构方程、一维和三维蠕变方程;引入蠕变试验数据验证该模型并对模型参数进行分析。结果表明该模型对不同形式的岩石蠕变曲线都能较好的模拟,模型参数可以表征岩石蠕变的非线性特征,可为蠕变模型的研究提供一定的参考。     

一种改进的岩石黏弹塑性加速蠕变力学模型

为了全面描述岩石蠕变全过程,克服线性牛顿体不能准确描述加速蠕变的不足,在引入非线性蠕变体模型基础上,结合流变力学模型理论,定义应力与试件长期强度的比值为加速蠕变速率幂级数n,模型发生加速蠕变时的总蠕变量为蠕变特征长度εc,进而得到一种改进的能够描述岩石黏弹塑性加速蠕变的力学模型。结合东乡铜矿砂质页岩单轴压缩下分级增量循环加卸载蠕变试验,对模型参数的辨识进行解释,并将该模型的蠕变拟合曲线与实验的蠕变曲线进行对比。研究结果表明:该模型能很好地描述了岩石的加速蠕变特性。     

基于Burgers模型的流变损伤本构模型

在三维Burgers黏弹性流变模型的基础上,引入基于等效应变的损伤变量,建立了三维非线性流变损伤模型.推导了三维非线性流变损伤模型在三轴压缩下的轴向和侧向蠕变方程,并通过对向家坝砂岩三轴压缩蠕变试验结果的模拟,验证了模型的有效性.结果表明,基于Burgers模型的流变损伤模型,不仅可以反映砂岩的初期衰减和稳态蠕变阶段,而且也可以很好地反映砂岩的加速蠕变损伤过程.     

三轴压缩下红砂岩峰后蠕变力学特性试验

为研究岩石峰后蠕变力学特性,利用MTS815电液伺服岩石力学试验系统,对红砂岩进行三轴压缩下峰后蠕变试验.分析了红砂岩峰后蠕变特征,估算了红砂岩峰后长期强度,采用改进的西原模型对峰后蠕变特性进行了描述,确定了模型参数.结果表明:红砂岩峰后蠕变破坏应力下并不直接进入加速蠕变阶段,而是由等速蠕变阶段逐渐向加速蠕变阶段转化.红砂岩峰后蠕变变形主要集中于加速蠕变阶段,加速蠕变阶段短时间内蠕变的剧烈变形是岩石失稳破坏的重要原因.随着荷载的加大,岩样的破坏形态由单一的剪切破坏与裂纹扩展等破坏形式逐渐向多剪切破坏演化,破坏块体增多,岩样更加破碎.本次试验红砂岩峰后长期强度仅为其峰值强度的42.56%,长期强度折减量较大.红砂岩峰后蠕变特性可用改进的西原模型进行描述,各级应力水平下模型曲线与试验曲线拟合较好.研究结果为深部工程围岩峰后流变力学特性研究提供了一定的参考意义.     

改进的Poyting-Thomson岩石蠕变模型研究

一般情况下,岩石蠕变分为3个阶段,即衰减阶段,稳态阶段及加速蠕变阶段,目前用于描述岩石蠕变的传统元件虽然可以较好地模拟蠕变的前两个阶段,但是对岩石蠕变第3个阶段的模拟效果并不是很好.因此,本文在Poyting-Thomson模型的基础上,引入一种非线性流变元件并对其进行改进,将改进后的元件与Poyting-Thomson模型进行串联,形成四元件流变模型,该模型不仅能够较好地模拟出岩石蠕变全过程,而且具有结构形式简单,参数较少等优点.然后,本文推导出四元件模型的本构及蠕变方程,并研究加速蠕变阶段的参数辨识方法.其次,利用前人所研究的岩石蠕变试验曲线对本文提出的蠕变模型进行参数确定及模型验证,最后将得出的理论蠕变曲线与试验曲线进行比较,结果表明,本文所构建的四元件非线性蠕变模型具有一定的正确性与可行性.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.