N,N′-双{双[4-(二甲氨基)苯基]甲基}尿素合成的反应机理

由对二甲氨基苯甲醛(A)和N,N′-二甲基苯胺(B)在盐酸存在下与尿素反应,合成题示化合物。研究了它的反应机理。结果表明,在强酸存在下,该反应是分两步进行的。首先是A和B缩合形成米氏醇(4,4′-二甲氨基二苯甲醇)中间物,然后再与尿素作用得到尿素衍生物。同时证明,该类取代苯甲醛与取代芳胺,在强酸介质中与尿素作用合成相应的尿素衍生物,都是按上述两步机理进行的。     

2-乙酰基-7-甲胺基(艹卓)酮与取代苯甲醛的缩合反应研究

由以2-乙酰基-7-甲胺基(艹卓)酚酮1为原料与单取代、双取代苯甲醛进行缩合反应,得到肉桂酰基(艹卓)酮 2a～m、3a～j系列化合物,产物的结构经红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱得以确认.     

2—羟基苯基烷基酮与芳香胺的Mannich反应

2-羟基苯乙酮或2-羟基苯丙酮与甲醛和芳香胺的缩合物在氯化氢-无水乙醇溶液中可直接发生 Mannich 反应,得到2-羟基-3′-芳氨基苯丙酮(1)或2-羟基-2′-甲基-3′-芳氨基苯丙酮(2).用 IR,~1HNMR,~(13)CNMR,MS 和元素分析确定了产物的结构.~1HNMR 证实:2-羟基苯乙酮或2-羟基苯丙酮与甲醛和芳胺缩合物发生反应时,反应发生在与羟基相连的甲基或亚甲基上.     

海兔毒素(Aplysiatoxin)C9-C21合成子的合成

为了提高海兔毒素(Aplysiatoxin)的产量,合成海兔毒素C_9-C_(21)合成子。以1-羟基-2-(S)-甲基丙酸甲酯1为原料,通过醚化和酯还原制得中间体2,同时又以噁唑烷酮3与丙酰氯反应制得中间体4。中间体2和4经羟醛缩合高立体选择性的制备化合物5;接着用TES保护3’-位羟基和脱除噁唑酮并还原得到醇,进一步将羟基碘取代得到化合物8;碘代物8与化合物9反应并进一步水解得到酮10,最后通过Corey不对称还原法(CBS还原)将酮立体选择性的还原为S-羟基化合物11。产品的纯度可达到93%,总收率为29.1%,产物结构均由旋光、NMR和LC-MS确证。     

取代杂氮硅三环化合物的合成及其反应研究

通过取代三烷氧基硅烷与三乙醇胺的酯交换反应合成了４个１－取代杂氮硅三环，以氯丙基杂氮硅三环与亚磷酸酯进行Ａｒｂｕｚｏｖ反应得到２个含磷酰基的杂氮硅三环。氨丙基杂氮硅三环与芳醛的缩合反应得到４个含芳亚甲氨基丙基的杂氮硅三环化合物，对所合成化合物的结构进行了表征，并对反应条件作了初步探讨。     

15-芳亚甲基脱水穿心莲内酯的合成与抗菌活性

以脱水穿心莲内酯为原料与2个取代苯甲醛缩合得到2个15-芳亚甲基取代的脱水穿心莲内酯,进一步对其C-3,19位羟基衍生化,共得到14个衍生物,所有合成化合物均通过核磁共振仪(NMR)和高分辨质谱仪(HRMS)表征。在合成实验中,初步考察了C-3,19位乙酰化、C-3位羟基氧化和C-19位脱保护的方法。抗菌活性筛选实验研究发现,化合物G2对粪肠球菌的抑制能力优于脱水穿心莲内酯,有一定的研究价值。     

天然产物1,3-二-(2,4-二羟基苯基)丙烷的全合成

以间苯二酚为起始原料，分别经甲酰化和乙酰化得到2，4-二羟基苯甲醛和2，4-二羟基苯乙酮，然后经选择性的甲基化，甲氧甲基化，羟醛缩合，还原等步骤完成了天然产物1，3-二-（2，4-二羟基苯基）丙烷的全合成．产物通过^1HNMR，IR，MS进行了结构确证．     

4—氨基—1,8—萘二酰亚胺类荧光颜料研究

研究以苊为原料经硝化、氧化、脱水、缩合及还原反应合成N-芳基(脂基)取代的4-氨基-1,8-蔡二酰亚胺类荧光染料、颜料,结果表明以硝基萘酐先与芳胺、脂肪胺进行缩合反应工艺比以4-氨基-1,8-萘酐与胺类反应具有纯度、收率高等特点:比较不同还原方法对产物质量的影响及不同取代的芳基、脂基结构对其荧光特性的影响。     

有机电发光苯乙烯二聚体及其衍生物的合成研究

在碱性条件下,磷酸二甲基-2（3,4）取代氰基苄酯与2,5-二（2-乙基己氧基）1,4-苯二甲醛缩合得到共轭2,5-二（1（Z）-2（3,4）-氰基苯乙烯基）-1,4-二（2-乙基己氧基）苯（1a-c）,1,4-二（2-乙基己氧基）-2,5-二乙氰基苯与甲氧基（或硝基）取代苯甲醛缩合得到2,5-二（1（Z）1-氰基-2（3,4）-取代苯乙烯基）-1,4-二（2-乙基己氧基）苯（2a-d）,2,5-二（2-乙基己氧基）-1,4-苯二甲醛与取代苯乙氰在碱催化下缩合得到2,5-二（1（Z）2-氰基2（3,4）取代苯乙烯基）1,4-二（2-乙基己氧基）苯（3a-f）．经IR,1^HNMR,13^、CNMR、和MS确定了合成的一系列PPV共轭三聚体的结构,并通过荧光光谱比较了其发光效率．     

2—甲基—6，7—亚甲二氧基—3—喹啉乙酮的合成

以胡椒醛为原料,在室温条件下,与硝酸和乙酸酐结合生成的温和硝化剂（CH3COONO2）反应,硝化得6-硝基胡椒醛1.1被七水硫酸亚铁在氨水的存在下还原成为6-氨基胡椒醛2.2在乙醇钠的催化下,与乙酰丙酮发生Friedlander缩合反应,得到化合物2-甲基-6,7-亚甲二氧基-3-喹啉乙酮3.3为未见文献报导的化合物。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.