聚丙烯合金化及其性能研究

利用国产Z-N催化剂研究了在反应器中合成聚丙烯催化合金条件,测试了合金的力学性能,并系统地研究了改变气相聚合压力及气相单体组成比所合成的聚合物合金组成与性能的关系.结果表明,在反应器中直接合成出的聚丙烯催化合金具有非常高的常温抗冲强度和低温抗冲强度,并随着合金中乙丙共聚物含量的增加而增加,但模量却随之下降.然而控制合金中乙丙共聚物的含量不超过10%,则可使聚丙烯合金材料既具有较高的抗冲强度又具有较高的模量.结果表明,通过改变上述反应条件可方便地调节聚丙烯合金的组成,从而达到自由剪裁材料性能的目的.     

聚丙烯合金化及其性能研究

利用国产Z－N催化剂研究了在反应器中合成聚丙烯催化合金条件，测试了合金的力学性能，并系统地研究了改变气相聚合压力及气相单体组成比所合成的聚合物合金组成与性能的关系，结果表明，在反应器中直接合成出的聚丙烯催化合金具有非常高的常温抗冲强度和低温抗冲强度，并随着合金中乙丙共聚物含量的增加而增加，但模量却随之下降，然而控制合金中乙丙共聚物的含量不超过10％,则可使聚丙合金既具有较高的抗冲强度又具有较高的模量，结果表明，通过改变上述反应条件可方便地调节聚丙烯合金的组成，从而达到自由剪裁材料性能的目的。     

PB-1/PP共混合金的结晶形态与动态流变性

采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚丁烯–1/聚丙烯(PB-1/PP)共混合金,利用偏光显微镜观察了共混合金的结晶形态,使用动态力学分析仪和旋转流变仪研究了共混合金的动态流变性.结果表明:PP的加入导致PB-1晶体尺寸略有减小,合金固体的储能模量以及损耗因子增大;随PP含量的增加,熔体的储能模量、损耗模量、复数黏度和剪切变稀敏感性逐渐下降;在熔融状态下,共混合金的两相具有一定的相容性.     

挤出共混中的高剪切应力对PP-HDPE-滑石粉共混材料力学性能的影响

采用提高双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的方法,研究了双螺杆挤出机的高剪切应力作用对聚丙烯(PP)、PP-滑石粉和PP-高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)-滑石粉共混材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:双螺杆挤出机的高螺杆转速、高剪切应力作用,可促进材料中滑石粉颗粒的均匀分散、促进HDPE均匀分散于PP基体的乙丙共聚物的相态之中,可引起PP或HDPE的断链反应、引起HDPE大分子自由基与PP基体中的EPR相以及与滑石粉表面偶联助剂之间的结合反应,引起共混材料缺口冲击强度的显著增大;少量极性烯类单体的加入和较低的挤出反应温度条件(180℃)有利于形成的大分子自由基与极性烯类单体的接枝、嵌段反应、界面间的偶联结合反应及其原位增粘作用,并引起PP-HDPE-滑石粉共混材料缺口冲击强度的进一步增大.     

EVA-g-MAH和改性纳米碳酸钙增韧PC/ABS合金的研究

分别将醋酸乙烯酯-马来酸酐接枝共聚物(EVA-g-MAH)和改性纳米碳酸钙与聚碳酸酯(PC)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)在双螺杆挤出机中共混,制备了PC/ABS复合材料。对复合材料力学性能研究表明,添加3份EVA-g-MAH增韧的合金的缺口冲击强度增加到最大值50.3kJ/m²,增幅达43%。添加7份双单体聚合改性的纳米碳酸钙微粒将PC/ABS合金的缺口冲击强度增加到41.3kJ/m²。主要以银纹化增韧的弹性体EVA-g-MAH的增韧效果优于改性纳米碳酸钙的剪切流动增韧效果,增韧过程均是将点应力分散为整个颗粒表面的面应力。改性纳米碳酸钙增韧弥补了弹性体增韧对合金拉伸强度降低的不足。     

聚苯乙烯增韧的新机理

采用种子乳液聚合法合成了丁苯橡胶接枝聚苯乙烯（SBR－g-PS）共聚物，将其与高抗冲聚苯乙烯（HIPS）共混，研究了共混物的力学性能和微观形态结构。结果发现，SBR－g-PS共聚物能均匀地分散于HIPS基体中，其粒径尺寸约为0．05－0．015μm，HIPS中原有的尺寸为1－4μm的大橡胶子未受破坏，形成了大小两种橡胶粒子共存的结构。共混物的冲击强度和断裂伸长率均较HIPS进一步提高，而屈服强度未表现出明显下降，获得了良好的综合力学性能，这表明大小两种橡胶粒子具有显著的协同增韧作用。提出了HIPS的脆－韧转变模型和聚苯乙烯（PS）增韧的新机理，即HIPS中的大橡胶颗粒引发了大量的银纹，使相邻银纹间的“基体层”变得很薄，分散于HIPS基体中的SSBR－g-PS橡胶小粒子促进了这些很薄的基体层发生屈服形变，从而吸收了大量的断裂应变能，有效地实现了对HIPS的进一步增韧。     

聚苯醚与SEBS及SEBS-g-MA共混物的相容性和力学性能

采用熔融挤出法分别制备了聚苯醚(PPO)与苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚弹性体(SEBS)及其与马来酸酐接枝共聚物(SEBS-g-MA)的共混物。DSC法对共混物的相容性研究发现,PPO与SEBS有一个共同的T_g,两者共混可达到完全热力学相容;而PPO与SEBS-g-MA存在两个T_g,其中一个为PPO相的,另一个则远高于SEBS-g-MA相的Tg,表明PPO与SEBS-g-MA中的PS相达到部分相容。力学性能研究显示,对于PPO/SEBS共混物,由于分散相SEBS与被增韧基体热力学完全相容,无法通过两相界面作用有效地增韧SEBS;而部分相容的PPO/SEBS-g-MA共混物显示了增韧剂与基体良好的两相相界面作用,其缺口冲击强度在SEBS-g-MA质量分数为20%时达到1260J/m的超韧性。     

植物纤维/聚丙烯复合材料增韧性研究

针对植物纤维/聚丙烯复合材料脆性大的问题，选用三元乙丙橡胶 (EPDM)及乙烯-辛烯共聚物 (POE)对复合材料进行增韧研究。结果表明，该复合体系中，当植物纤维含量较低时，植物纤维在基体中分布均匀，且EPDM及POE质量分数均为25%左右时增韧效果较好，且POE的增韧效果优于EPDM；当植物纤维含量较高时，会出现团聚现象。而加入相容剂马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯共聚物(MAPP)也会提高复合材料的韧性。     

PP/UHMWPE共混合金增韧增强机理研究

探讨了PP/UHMWPE/LLDPE(聚丙烯/超高分子量聚乙烯/线性低密度聚乙烯)共混合金的力学性能与UHMWPE及LLDPE种类及含量的关系.发现UHMWPE对含有乙烯链节的共聚型PP有显著的增强增韧效果,UHMWPE的适当加入不但使基体的韧性得以提高,同时也可使其强度、模量、加工性能等得到改善.在PP/UHMWPE二元体系中加入适量的LLDPE,可改善二者的相容性,使体系韧性得到进一步提高.PP/UHMWPE合金的力学性能与二者间的熔体流动速率比(RM)存在一定规律性关系.在一定熔体流动速率(MFR)比值范围内,共混体系呈现脆韧转变行为.当5相似文献   

改性滑石粉增强增韧聚丙烯研究

以柠檬酸为改性剂对滑石粉进行表面改性,将改性滑石粉与聚丙烯(PP)采用熔融共混方法制备出系列改性滑石粉/PP复合材料;通过红外吸收光谱、扫描电镜和冲击、拉伸性能实验等方法研究改性滑石粉对复合材料的内部微观形貌、力学性能以及流动性能的影响规律,结果表明:滑石粉经柠檬酸改性后能够明显改善与PP的相容性,促进滑石粉颗粒在PP基体中的均匀分散,从而实现复合材料的加工流动性能和冲击韧性、拉伸强度等力学性能的全面提高,同时增强增韧聚丙烯的作用。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.