术前肠内营养对胃癌患者围手术期作用的研究

目的 研究胃癌患者术前肠内营养支持对机体免疫功能的影响.方法 选择择期手术的胃癌患者50例,随机分为两组,术前术后肠内营养组(观察组);术后肠内营养组(对照组).两组患者均从术后24 h起自营养管给予等热量、等氮量的肠内营养剂.观察组于术前7 d起口服能全力(纽迪西亚公司)500 mL/d至术前1 d.术前、术后第1,8天抽取静脉血,检测白蛋白、转铁蛋白、前白蛋白指标;外周血;T淋巴细胞.结果 两组患者术后均有免疫功能的降低,但观察组比对照组术后第1,8天的CIM/CD8比值Igc水平显著增加;术后第8天的前蛋白浓度显著增加.结论 胃癌患者围手术期(术前术后)使用肠内营养剂,可以有效改善患者的免疫功能.     

谷氨酰胺联合肠内营养对重症脑梗死患者营养及免疫的影响

目的观察早期肠内营养中添加谷氨酰胺对重型脑梗死患者营养状况和免疫功能的影响。方法将50例患者随机分为两组,实验组应用谷氨酰胺联合肠内营养混悬液,对照组仅用常规肠内营养混悬液。检测入院时和治疗后第15d的IgA、IgG、CD4、CD8及CD4／CD8比值,同时监测白蛋白（ALB）、转铁蛋白（TF）及氮平衡（NB）等营养代谢指标。结果治疗后两组IgA、IgG、CD4、CD8及CD4／CD8比值、ALB和TF均较治疗前显著升高（P〈0．05）,负氮平衡转为正氮平衡（P〈0．05）;两组间比较,治疗后第15d实验组IgA、IgG、CD4、CD8及CD4／CD8比值、ALB和TF显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论谷氨酰胺联合肠内营养可明显改善重症脑梗死患者的免疫功能、蛋白质营养代谢。     

肠内免疫营养剂用于结直肠癌手术前的准备

目的:探讨肠内免疫营养剂用于结直肠癌手术前准备的疗效,并与传统方法对比。方法:按入组条件将40例结直肠癌病人随机分为肠内免疫营养组(EN组)20例,传统方法组(对照组)20例。EN组用免疫营养剂作术前肠道准备,不用禁食、灌肠及服用抗生素;传统方法组采用禁食、机械灌肠和口服抗生素。比较两组免疫、营养指标(血清IgG、IgM、IgA和血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白),肠道清洁度,肠功能恢复时间和手术后并发症(吻合口漏、切口感染和腹腔内感染)。结果:肠道清洁度比较无统计学意义(P>0 05);术后肠功能恢复时间比较,EN组为(28 4±5 8)h,对照组为(59 3±7 5)h,两组相比有统计学意义(P<0 0001);EN组肠道准备前与术后各免疫、营养指标比较无统计学意义(P>0 05),对照组术后各免疫、营养指标较肠道准备前有显著下降(P<0 01),两组免疫、营养指标肠道准备前与术后差异相比较有统计学意义(P<0 05);两组病人术后并发症发生率的比较无统计学意义(P>0 05)。结论:采用肠内免疫营养剂作结直肠癌手术前准备可改善病人免疫功能和营养状态,保证肠道良好的清洁度,并能加快术后肠功能恢复时间,手术后并发症少。     

不同方法剥除卵巢良性畸胎瘤对免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗卵巢良性畸胎瘤患者对其机体免疫功能造成的影响。方法:研究组卵巢良性畸胎瘤患者给予腹腔镜手术剥除治疗;对照组卵巢良性畸胎瘤患者给予传统开腹手术剥除治疗。观察并记录两组患者治疗前后机体中IL-6(白细胞介素)与T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4/CD8)的含量,并进行统计学分析。结果:研究组与对照组患者治疗前IL-6、CD4/CD8检测结果无明显差异,且P>0.05,两组患者对比结果无统计学意义;研究组与对照组患者手术后1 d与手术后4 d IL-6、CD4/CD8检测结果有明显差异,且研究组患者术后4 d基本恢复术前水平,P<0.05,两组患者对比结果有统计学意义。结论:使用腹腔镜治疗卵巢良性畸胎瘤对患者造成的机体免疫功能影响较传统开腹手术小,有利于患者术后恢复机体健康以及预防各类并发症,值得临床推广应用。     

早期预置式肠内营养在胰十二指肠切除围手术期的治疗价值

评价早期预置式肠内营养在胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)围手术期的治疗价值。总结PD患者48例,围手术期早期应用预置式肠内营养患者22例(治疗组),传统术后肠内外营养患者26例(对照组),对比两组术前后营养状况、免疫学指标(CD4、CD8、TNF-α、内毒素),住院时间和费用,以及术后各种不适发生率等指标。治疗组与对照组相比,早期预置式肠内营养的应用可明显改善患者术前营养状况、改善免疫功能,明显降低术后患者TNF-α和内毒素(P0.05),明显降低术后各种不适的发生、减少住院费用。PD围手术期早期预置式肠内营养可明显改善患者的营养状况、减少肠内营养相关并发症,调整免疫功能、保证患者安全度过围手术期,早期应用肠内营养是围手术期安全、经济的选择。     

早期预置式肠内营养在胰十二指肠切除围手术期的治疗价值

评价早期预置式肠内营养在胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)围手术期的治疗价值。总结PD患者48例,围手术期早期应用预置式肠内营养患者22例(治疗组),传统术后肠内外营养患者26例(对照组),对比两组术前后营养状况、免疫学指标(CD4、CD8、TNF-α、内毒素),住院时间和费用,以及术后各种不适发生率等指标。治疗组与对照组相比,早期预置式肠内营养的应用可明显改善患者术前营养状况、免疫功能,降低术后患者TNF-α和内毒素(P0.05),及术后各种不适的发生、减少住院费用。PD围手术期早期预置式肠内营养可明显改善患者的营养状况、减少肠内营养相关并发症,调整免疫功能。     

腹腔镜手术治疗盆腔炎性包块对T细胞免疫功能及术后恢复的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗盆腔炎性包块对T细胞免疫功能及术后恢复的影响.方法随机选取80例盆腔炎患者作为研究对象.随机分为研究组和对照组,研究组采用腹腔镜手术,对照组采用开腹手术,比较两组术后恢复以及对T细胞免疫功能的影响.结果研究组T淋巴细胞亚群手术前后比较差异无统计学意义;开腹组术后CD3+,CD4+,CD8+与术前比较明显降低,72 h时回升,但仍低于术前水平;两组比较,对照组患者的CD3+,CD4+,CD8+降低明显(P0.05);研究组患者术后恢复快,各项指标比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).结论盆腔炎性包块患者在开腹手术后会出现细胞免疫功能紊乱,腹腔镜手术对T细胞亚群影响较小,对机体的免疫功能影响小,利于术后恢复.     

综合放松训练对结肠癌围术期患者免疫功能的影响

目的探讨综合放松训练对结肠癌围术期患者免疫功能的影响.方法依据纳入标准选取80例接受手术治疗的患者作为研究样本,采用随机抽样的方法,分成对照组和实验组进行研究.结果两组患者术前第2天、术后第15天CD+3,CD+4,CD+8和NK细胞水平比较差异无统计学意义.结论综合放松训练对结肠癌围术期患者免疫功能无明显影响.     

右美托咪定辅助全身麻醉在老年全髋置换术中的应用

目的探讨右美托咪定辅助全身麻醉对老年全髋置换术(THA)患者术后效果影响.方法选取70例择期行THA治疗的患者,根据随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,各35例.对照组采用常规麻醉,观察组加用盐酸右美托咪定(剂量1μg/kg),再以0.2～0.6μg/(kg·h)维持到手术结束.采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)比较两组患者术后进入麻醉复苏室(术后)、术后6,12,24 h疼痛程度;采用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)比较两组患者术前、术后3 d及7 d的认知功能;采用酶联反应吸附检测法(ELISA)比较两组患者术前、术后30 min、12 h、24 h血清中CRP,IL-6,TNF-α水平;采用流式细胞学检查(FCM)比较两组患者术前、术后30 min、12 h、24 h血清中CD3~+,CD4~+,CD8~+,CD4~+/CD8~+含量.结果在术后6,12 h时间点VAS评分比较中,观察组患者评分均低于对照组(P0.05);在术后3 d,观察组患者MMSE量表评分高于对照组(P0.05);在术后30 min、术后12 h、术后24 h的检测时间点中,观察组患者血清中的CRP,IL-6,TNF-α含量水平均明显低于对照组(P0.05);在术后30 min、术后12h、术后24 h的检测时间点中,观察组患者血清中的CD3~+,CD4~+,CD4~+/CD8~+含量水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05),而CD8~+含量水平低于对照组(P0.05).结论右美托咪定辅助常规全身麻醉可缓解THA术后疼痛,改善术后认知功能,提高患者免疫水平.     

重组人生长激素对脓毒症引起的急性肺损伤/呼吸窘迫综合征(ALI/ARDS)患者的营养状况和免疫功能的影响

探讨重组人生长激素(rhGH)对脓毒症引起的急性肺损伤/呼吸窘迫综合征(ALI/ARDS)患者的营养状况、蛋白质代谢、免疫功能等方面的作用和影响,66例脓毒症引起的急性肺损伤/呼吸窘迫综合征(ALI/ARDS)患者随机分成两组,对照组33例,给予标准的营养支持治疗;治疗组(rhGH)33例,在对照组标准营养治疗基础上,加用rhGH。所有患者均于入院时和治疗后第14 d,测量肱三头肌皮褶(TSF)厚度、外周血血清白蛋白(ALB)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、前清蛋白(PA)、肌酐、尿素、TNF-α、IL-1、免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgM、IgG)变化。治疗组与对照组相比:1营养状况指标TSF厚度、ALB、TRF、PA均明显增加(P0.05),肌酐、尿素均明显减少(P0.05);2炎症反应指标TNF-α、IL-6均明显减少(P0.05);3免疫功能指标(免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG)均明显增加(P0.05)。说明rhGH在脓毒症引起的急性肺损伤/呼吸窘迫综合征(ALI/ARDS)患者的营养状况、免疫功能和蛋白质代谢水平方面具有较好的作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.