蜗轮滚刀铲磨砂轮廓形的计算机辅助设计

本文基于滚刀铲磨原理及铲磨特点，运用数值分析，逐步回归及优化等理论提出了铲磨ＺＣ１蜗轮滚刀所用的砂轮轴向廓形的精确计算方法，编制了功能完善的微机通用软件，为制造高精度的ＺＣ１蜗轮滚刀提供了可靠的理论依据。     

蜗轮滚刀铲磨砂轮廓形的计算机辅助设计

本文基于滚刀铲磨原理及铲磨特点，运用数值分析、逐步回归及优化等理论，提出了铲磨ＺＣ１蜗轮滚刀所用的砂轮轴向廓形的精确计算方法，编制了功能完善的微机通用软件，为制造高精度的ＺＣ１蜗轮滚刀提供了可靠的理论依据．     

蜗轮滚刀设计思想与制造方法的偏差分析

采用空间啮合原理使用微机对蜗轮滚刀的精加工工序——铲磨进行模似计算,分析结果认为:当前蜗轮滚刀齿侧面的铲磨工艺由于砂轮的曲率半径较大,造成干涉,使滚刀齿侧面产生畸变。从而使大前角蜗轮刀的刃形产生原理误差,建议采用指状砂轮径向铲磨工艺与直接测量刀具切削刃形精度的方法解决这一问题,该思想适用于法向直廊蜗轮滚刀及齿轮滚刀的径向铲磨工艺。     

修形ZI蜗轮滚刀齿形合格长度的研究

本文研究了修形ZI蜗轮滚刀齿形误差的计算方法,从理论上分析了滚刀设计参数和铲磨工艺参数对齿形误差的影响,提出了变砂轮中心高铲磨新工艺,为增加滚刀齿形合格长度开辟了新途径．     

大负(正)前角齿轮滚刀铲磨砂轮的廓形计算

本文从铲磨滚刀时,滚刀和砂轮的相对运动关系出发,应用“共轭曲面原理”推导出计算r(?)0°的滚刀铲磨砂轮的廓形所需公式。只要给出切削刃方程,无论是何种类型的齿轮滚刀,蜗轮滚刀和花键滚刀等,均可使用本公式,这对于某些很难写出侧铲面方程的滚刀(如r(?)0°的滾刀)就显得极为方便。文中最后给出了常用滚刀的切削刃方程。     

滚刀径向整体铲磨砂轮精确计算

中等模数以下滚刀齿形的全齿面以及齿顶和齿底圆弧要求一次铲磨形成,铲磨砂轮截形需要精确计算.分析滚刀径向铲磨运动,以整体精确铲磨出滚刀设计齿形为目标,依据齿面啮合原理,建立滚刀铲磨砂轮廓形的数学模型.再由砂轮截面廓形及铲磨时砂轮与滚刀的啮合条件,建立滚刀实际铲背曲面模型,并给出滚刀重磨后齿形与理想齿形的偏差计算方法.对一种直槽零前角剃前滚刀、一种螺旋槽零前角圆弧滚刀进行铲背砂轮截形及滚刀重磨误差计算,结果表明该方法精确、有效.可用于计算滚刀径向铲磨砂轮数控修整的时砂轮截形和确定滚刀铲磨工艺参数.     

提高单头蜗轮滚刀齿面造型精度的一个数值仿真方法

本文剖折了铲磨单头蜗轮滚刀齿面的数学机理,建立了齿面造型过程的仿真数学模型,并进行了数值仿真计算。数值仿真结果表明,该模型是可靠的,可直接用于实际加工。     

铲磨工艺参数对畸变影响的研究

铲磨加工是制造齿轮滚刀的最后一道关键工序。因此铲磨加工必须使切削刃在设计所要求的滚刀基础蜗杆表面上的位置保持高度精确。而且在重磨前后仍保持其位置不变。这是对齿轮滚刀的最基本要求。本文主要从制造方法下手研究,也就是从制造滚刀的最后一道关键工序铲磨加工入手,分析研究铲磨加工中各工艺参数对齿轮滚刀的精度及精度寿命的影响规律。也就是设法解决滚刀的重磨长度,让它用到报废之前都能保持原来的精度。本课题就是针对这一问题进行研究的。     

滚刀齿形铲磨原理的研究及其应用

通过论证阿基米德螺旋面不可径向铲磨，引出“螺纹铲削面和圆柱性螺旋面都 是不可径向铲磨曲面” 的重要概念，从而阐明了滚刀齿形铲磨时其齿侧面必然发生 畸变的根本原因，指出了滚刀齿形铲磨原理的本质。 应用铲磨原理，文中提出一种计算铲磨砂轮廓形的新方法；提出一种能使齿轮 滚刀齿侧面１／２齿长上齿形都保持ＡＡ级精度的变Ｋ值铲磨新工艺；此外，还提出一 种金刚石铲磨砂轮修形的共轭拟合新方法。     

直槽正前角齿轮滚刀造形精度的分析研究

本文根据阿基米德螺旋面不能正确铲磨的原理，提出齿轮滚刀铲磨时会产生附加造形误差的概念。 文中把附加造形误差分成由△螺和△形两个部分组成，并给出了它们的计算方法。应用这种方法和概念，分析了生产中使用的直槽正前角齿轮滚刀实际造形误差很大的原因，并提出了改进意见。 本文提出的理论对设计一般精密齿轮滚刀的齿形也有参考价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.