涡轮桨搅拌槽内混合过程的数值模拟

文中采用FLUENT软件对六直叶涡轮桨搅拌槽内的混合过程进行了数值模拟,选用多重参考系法(MRF)及标准kε模型,将速度场与浓度场方程分开进行求解,所得的混合时间的模拟结果与实验值相吻合。同时用计算机流体力学(CFD)方法研究了不同的加料点、监测点位置及操作条件对混合时间的影响规律,模拟结果表明:混合过程主要由搅拌槽内的流体流动所控制,混合时间与加料点及监测点位置密切相关。研究结果对于工业搅拌反应器的优化具有一定的参考意义。     

多层桨搅拌槽内的宏观混合特性

在直径为0.476 m的搅拌槽内,采用电导法测定搅拌槽内单层桨和多层桨体系的混合时间。对于单层桨体系,在相同的搅拌输入功率下,不同类型的径向流桨和轴向流桨具有相同的混合时间。对于窄叶翼型CBY搅拌桨,在相同的搅拌输入功率下,单层、双层以及三层CBY搅拌桨的混合时间基本相同;而对于六直叶涡轮桨DT-6,在相同的搅拌输入功率下其混合时间随桨叶层数的增加而加长;多层CBY桨的混合时间远低于多层DT-6搅拌桨的混合时间。     

2种型式搅拌桨用于工业规模搅拌釜内假塑性流体混合过程的数值模拟

用CFD技术研究了最大叶片式桨和三层六直叶涡轮桨的在大高径比工业规模搅拌釜中流体力学行为,以黄原胶溶液为研究体系,重点考察了功率特性、死区分率、剪切性能和混合时间等流体动力学性能.结果表明:2种搅拌桨的功耗与转速成正比,死区与转速成反比;随着雷诺数增加,釜内平均剪切速率增加.工业规模搅拌釜中,最大叶片式桨搅拌流场呈双循环流型,三层六直叶涡轮桨在每个桨叶叶端分别形成上下2个小循环.在相同单位体积功耗下,最大叶片式桨的混合时间相对于三层六直叶涡轮桨较短.     

9种搅拌器以水为介质混合时间的测定

在7 L玻璃搅拌釜中,以水为实验介质,在无挡板条件下采用温差法和比色法,考察了9种搅拌器的混合时间.结果显示:在实验转速范围内,所有搅拌器随着转速的升高,混合时间缩短.对6种小浆叶(d/D=0.5)搅拌器而言,双层六直叶开启涡轮式桨叶的混合时间最长,单层四斜叶T型桨A的混合时间最小;在单层搅拌器中,六直叶开启涡轮式搅拌器的混合时间最长;对大桨叶(d/D=0.8)搅拌器而言,框式混合时间最长,单层二斜叶T型桨B最短;温差法和比色法两者测定结果趋势基本一致.     

运用CFD研究钟摆式搅拌的混合效率

设计了一种钟摆式搅拌槽,对槽内流场和混合过程进行了数值模拟,分析了槽内流体的流动特性及加料方式对混合效果的影响。并对混合效率进行了评定.结果表明:钟摆式搅拌槽内桨叶上方区域的混合比桨叶下方要好;考察加料位置的影响时,自由液面加料的混合效果优于底部加料;整体来讲,自由液面加料时钟摆式搅拌槽的混合效率比较高,与三窄叶翼形搅拌桨相接近,槽底部加料时的混合效率要低一些,与六直叶圆盘涡轮桨相当.     

搅拌设备内流场的数值研究

利用滑移网格法计算了六直叶Rushton涡轮搅拌设备内的流场。考察了计算流体力学(CFD)模拟搅拌设备流场的预测能力,分析了搅拌桨叶端及附近区域的流动行为。结果表明：CFD计算的时均速度与实验结果一致,CFD技术与实验手段可相互补充;搅拌桨叶片端部的速度分布并非关于叶片高度的中心位置严格对称,搅拌设备的流场结构并非完全由搅拌桨的行为决定;六直叶Rushton涡轮叶端附近区域最大径向速度点与最大切向速度点不在同一个位置,径向速度在叶端附近区域有一个流动发展的过程。     

涡轮桨搅拌槽内混合过程的大涡模拟

在FLUENT 6.1软件平台和网络并行计算硬件平台上,采用大涡模拟(LES)的方法对涡轮桨搅拌槽内的混合过程进行了数值模拟。利用滤波函数对N av ier-Stokes方程进行空间滤波,对大尺寸的涡直接进行求解,而被滤掉的比网格小的旋涡通过Sam agorinsky-L illy亚格子模型求解,对搅拌桨区域采用滑移网格技术。结果表明:大涡模拟对尾涡的预报优于雷诺平均(RAN S)方法,混合时间以及示踪剂响应曲线模拟结果和实验结果吻合较好,且优于RAN S方法。大涡模拟方法为准确预测搅拌槽内湍流流动的非稳态及周期性脉动特性提供了一种有效的工具。     

搅拌槽内不同桨型组合的气-液分散特性

在直径为0.476m的椭圆底搅拌槽内,分别研究径向流桨（八弯叶涡轮CDT-8）组合、轴流式搅拌桨（四叶宽叶翼形WH桨）组合及混合流型组合桨（径向流的六叶半椭圆管盘式涡轮HEDT与三窄叶翼形桨CBY）的通气功率及气含率,并得到了相应的通气功率和气含率的经验关联式。结果表明：HEDT底桨配合CBY轴流桨的混合流组合桨的RPD值下降最少,轴向流组合次之,而径向流组合桨R_PD下降最多;在相同的通气搅拌功率下,在低通气量时,轴向流组合桨的气含率最高,在较高的通气流量时,混合流及径向流组合桨的气含率相当,均高于轴向流组合桨。文中的研究结果可为工业多层桨气-液搅拌槽/反应器的优化设计提供参考。     

三层桨搅拌槽内聚醚多元醇流场的LDV测量与数值模拟

采用流体力学软件(FLUENT),建立了两种三层桨搅拌槽的数值模拟模型,模拟聚醚多元醇(PPG)的流动特性,并与激光多普勒测速技术(LDV)测量数据进行比较。结果表明,选用多重参考系法(MRF)和Laminar模型计算结果与LDV测量值基本吻合。上、中层为四宽叶翼型上提桨(WHu),底层为六半椭圆管涡轮桨(6-HEDT),槽内"死区"少、高速率区分布多、搅拌功率损耗小、径向与轴向速率大,适用于PPG搅拌系统内。两种组合桨的周向速率均偏大,因而降低PPG的周向速率或提高轴向和径向速率,是改善PPG搅拌混合的关键。     

搅拌对箱式混合澄清槽流动性能的影响

针对当前混合澄清萃取槽存在的问题,提出了改进的新型混合澄清萃取槽.采用专业的流体力学数值模拟软件ANSYS/FLUENT,对新型萃取槽内流场情况进行了模拟研究.结果表明,在油水两相流速分别为0.22和0.11 m/s,混合室搅拌转速为800 r/min,澄清室搅拌转速为20 r/min时,与传统萃取槽相比,在搅拌作用下,新型萃取槽澄清室内桨叶附近的混合带更窄,两相分离效果更佳;混合室内桨叶上下方流场呈涡旋流,与六直叶涡轮桨搅拌特点相符.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.