喷动流化床射流穿透深度试验研究

提出射流穿透深度是表征喷动流化床煤气化过程中射流特性的重要参数.在300 mm×30mm×2 000 mm的喷动流化床煤气化炉冷态试验装置上,采用压力信号分析和快速摄像图像分析相结合的方法,系统地考察了喷动气速、喷口直径、物料特性、静止床高和流化气流率对射流穿透深度的影响.结果表明,射流穿透深度随喷动气速、喷口直径的增大而增大,随静止床高、物料密度、物料直径、流化气流率的增大而减小.另外,引入两相弗劳德数(Fr)、颗粒雷诺数(Rep)等无量纲参数,对试验结果进行多元回归分析,建立了喷动流化床射流穿透深度的关联式,该关联式全面考虑了各种影响因素,特别是静止床高和流化气流率的影响.关联式的预测值与本文及国内外其他一些研究者的试验值进行了比较,结果吻合得较好.     

喷动流化床内木屑流动特性的研究(Ⅲ)--床锥底角的影响

为了开发喷动流化床生物质裂解反应器,建立了一床内径为150 mm的有机玻璃冷模实验装置,在室温下考察了不同喷动气和流化气流速时,床锥底角对床层流动特性的影响.就所考察的分别为60°、75°和90°的床锥底角,在其它条件相同时,颗粒循环量和床层压降随锥形角度先减少后增大.另外床锥底角对床层的稳定性也产生了一定的影响.结合实验现象发现对于本装置,床锥底角度为90°的分布板为最佳.     

木屑-石英砂喷动流化床内流动特性研究

为了开发喷动流化床生物质裂解反应器，建立了一内径为150mm的有机玻璃冷模实验装置，在室温下进行了生物质(木屑)和石英砂混合物在喷动流化床内的流动特性研究。考察了木屑、木屑与石英砂混合物的喷动流化现象。结果发现在喷动流化床其它条件相同时，床层中相同的木屑量，随石英砂量的增加，木屑的循环量减少；而相同的石英砂量，随木屑量的增加，石英砂的循环量增加。最小流化速度实验值与计算值相比略小但相差不大，可用Ergun公式预测床层的最小流化速度，但不能用Muthur公式来预测最小喷动速度，这是由木屑与石英砂颗粒混合物的性质和床层结构特性决定的。随着喷动气速和流化气速的改变，可观察到床内粒子表现出八种不同的流动状态：固定床区、流化床区、局部喷动床区、流化一局部喷动床区、喷动床区、喷动流化床区、喷动垂直输送区、喷动流化垂直输送区。     

细颗粒环形气/固喷动床的压力波动分析

采用高频采集压力波动信号,通过统计和频率分析等手段讨论喷动气速、静床高及测点高度等参数对压力波动标准差的影响,并对床体中压力波动来源进行研究.结果表明:压力波动标准差随喷动气速和静床高的增加而增大,随测点高度的增加而减小;由于采用多喷口送风,功率谱中出现高频峰值;床层压力场的扰动主要来源于气泡的产生和破碎、气泡运动的相互作用以及气流从压力室进入喷口所产生的相互扰动.     

V型喷动流化床床层压力的研究

流化床床层压力及其分布是反映流化质量和床内物料运动状况的主要参数之一。本实验在于３１０×４０×２０００ｍｍ和８３×４０００ｍｍＶ型喷动流化床冷模装置上，以水泥生料粉为实验原料，对床层压力、缩口结构与流化质量关系进行了研究，分析了床层压降随喷射气流、流化气流的变化规律，并与普通流化床的类似特性作了比较，得出Ｖ型喷动流化床的适宜操作气速范围。流化浅床加上合理的缩口形状，可以实现层流边界层连续卸料的操作。     

高碳铬铁粉冷态喷动流化特性试验研究

设计了喷动流化床试验装置,研究了不同物料粒径和物料质量的高碳铬铁粉冷态喷动流化特性,考察了最大床层压降、最小喷动流化速度、床层空隙率与物料特性之间的变化关系。试验结果和分析计算表明,在同样条件下,高碳铬铁粉在喷动流化床中的起始静床层高度大于最大喷动床床层高度时,物料才具有典型的喷动流化特征;物料密度、物料粒径是影响喷动流化形态的主要因素;最大床层压降随物料质量、物料密度的增加而增大,随物料粒径的增加趋于增大;最小喷动流化速度均随物料质量、物料粒径的增加而增大;床层空隙率随喷动流化气体流量的增加而增大,物料质量对粗颗粒物料的床层空隙率影响较大,对细颗粒物料的床层空隙率影响较小。根据高碳铬铁粉的冷态喷动流化特性和形态变化,得出了高碳铬铁粉混合物料的喷动流化床操作相图。     

气固喷动床压力波动的Hurst分析

采用Hurst分析描述了不同喷动气速下气固喷动床中的压力波动行为 .发现压力波动信号中存在着不同程度的周期成分 .根据计算所得的Hurst系数H值随喷动气速增大而变化的曲线 ,可将颗粒床层的流动状态划分为 3个流域 :低气速时的不稳定流化、稳定喷动和高喷动气速下的不稳定喷动 .     

喷动流化床射流穿透度智能拟合

在三维冷态试验台架上对喷动流化床射流穿透度进行了实验研究,得出了射流穿透度随喷口尺寸、载气密度、喷动气速的增大而增大,随静止床高、颗粒尺寸、颗粒密度、流化气率、载气黏度的增大而减小的结论.在实验研究的基础上利用最小二乘支持向量机对射流穿透度与喷动流化床主要设计参数之间的数值关系进行了智能拟合,并利用自适应遗传算法优化了最小二乘支持向量机的初始参数.通过15个预测样本的检验,最小二乘支持向量机模型的预测平均相对误差减小至4.0%,其性能大大优于常用的经验公式以及神经网络.     

湿颗粒的振动流化特性实验研究

在床体尺寸为140 mm×70 mm×600 mm的振动流化床中开展了湿颗粒振动流化特性实验,研究了振动强度Γ(0~1.2)、含液量W(0~6.8%)、粒径dp(1.0~2.6 mm)对D类湿颗粒振动流化特性(流型、床层压降、最小流化速度)规律的影响.结果表明:湿颗粒振动流化床可以显著改善床层内的沟流现象,使流化更稳定.降速过程中,固定床阶段湿颗粒振动床床层压降ΔP明显大于湿颗粒普通流化床压降,而在第2流化阶段两者压降相近;同时,湿颗粒振动流化床压降随含液量的增加先降低后增加.在湿颗粒振动床中,随着振动强度的增大,最小流化速度减小;随着含液量上升,最小流化速度先增加后下降;随着颗粒粒径的增大,最小流化速度增加.最后得出了D类湿颗粒振动流化床最小流化速度的计算关联式.     

惰性粒子喷动流化床中冷冻融解氢氧化铝污泥干燥试验研究

在125mm的惰性粒子喷动流化床内对冷冻融解的氢氧化铝污泥进行了低温干燥实验研究,考察了惰性粒子大小、污泥加料量与惰性粒子质量比、惰性粒子静床高与床径比、表观流化气速与喷动气速之比等因素对污泥湿含量随时间变化快慢的影响.结果表明,在实验研究的范围内,较适宜的工艺条件为:惰性粒子(玻璃珠)粒径为1.43mm,污泥加料量与惰性粒子质量比不大于0.5,惰性粒子床层的高径比为1.4,表观流化气速与喷动气速之比为1∶4.这是由惰性粒子喷动流化床的流动特性及粘性物料的干燥机理决定.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.