Ti6Al4V合金表面激光重熔Ni60B+TiN喷涂层的组织与性能

为解决钛及钛合金的耐磨性能，在Ti6Al4V表面进行激光重熔NiCrBSi TiN合金喷涂层的试验，利用XRD和SEM对熔覆层进行了分析，测试了显微硬度和涂层的耐磨性能。结果表明：通过优化工艺参数可获得连续的、均匀的、无裂纹和气孔的熔覆层，熔覆层主要由γ-Ni、TiN、NiB、Cr2Ti和Ti2Ni组成，在结合区热影响区的界面有大约4-5μm的扩散层，熔覆层的平均硬度达l076～l355HV，稀释区为800HV。     

TC4合金氩弧熔覆TiN复合涂层的组织及耐磨性

为提高钛合金表面性能,以TiN粉和Ti粉为原料,利用氩弧熔覆技术,在TC4合金表面成功制备出TiN增强Ti基复合涂层。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪分析了熔覆涂层的显微组织和物相组成;利用显微硬度仪、摩擦磨损试验机测试了复合涂层的显微硬度和室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能。结果表明:氩弧熔覆涂层组织均匀致密,熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,熔覆涂层主要由TiN棒状树枝晶和TiN颗粒组成,复合涂层明显改善了TC4合金的表面硬度,涂层的最高显微硬度可达9.5 GPa;复合涂层在室温干滑动磨损实验条件下具有优异的耐磨性,磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损,其耐磨性较TC4合金基体提高近9倍。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆NiCrBSiC合金涂层的微观组织

在TC4合金表面进行了激光熔覆NiCrBSiC合金涂层的试验,利用扫描电镜,电子探针和X射线衍射仪等对熔覆层的微观组织进行了分析,测试了熔覆层的显微硬度,结果表明,激光熔覆涂层的组织是在初晶γ-Ni和γ-Ni与Ni3B等相组成的多元共晶基底上分布着TiB2 和TiC颗粒,熔履层的显微硬度在HV900－1100之间,比基体钛合金提高了3－4倍。     

TC4合金表面激光熔覆CoCrW涂层工艺和性能

为提高TC4钛合金表面耐磨性和耐腐蚀性，利用激光熔覆技术在TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆制备CoCrW涂层，并对其工艺及耐磨性和耐蚀性进行研究。结果表明：CoCrW熔覆层和TC4基体有着良好的冶金结合，熔覆涂层显微组织均匀致密，主要由树枝晶组成。在激光工艺参数中，扫描速度、离焦量、光斑直径和搭接率一致情况下，当激光功率为3000 W时，所得熔覆层硬度最大为1160 HV,为TC4基材硬度324 HV的近4倍，且在该功率下，CoCrW熔覆层平均摩擦系数最低为0.2363,磨损量最小，表现出较好的耐磨特性，磨损机制为磨粒磨损和轻微的黏着磨损；而TC4基材的平均摩擦系数为0.3598,磨损机制为黏着磨损和疲劳剥落磨损，此时，熔覆层的电化学腐蚀电位较高，腐蚀速率较低，表现出良好的耐蚀性。     

16Mn钢表面激光溶覆铁合金层的研究

利用C02激光器在16Mn钢表面实现Fe—Cr—Ni—B激光熔覆。观察了激光对熔覆层组织和显微硬度的影响；采用扫描电镜及X射线衍射仪分析熔覆层的成分和相组成。结果表明，熔覆层组织是树枝晶及胞状晶，熔覆层以非平衡的(Fe，Cr)相、(Fe，Ni)相存在。激光功率的提高位炼覆层组织细化、显微硬度提高，并使硬度分布更加趋于合理。     

激光熔覆Ni基涂层的稀释区与熔覆区界面形态及组织

在Ti6Al4V合金表面进行了激光重熔NiCrBSi/TiN，NiCrBSi/TiC喷涂层实验，利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪等手段对稀释区与熔覆区界面进行了观察。结果表明：NiCrBSi／TiC重熔层的稀释区与熔覆区界面平直，而NiCrBSi／TiN重熔层的稀释区与熔覆区的界面不复存在，是共晶组织和颗粒组织的混合区。分析认为，[C]、[N]活性原子在高温流动熔体内的不同行为，强烈地影响稀释区与熔覆区的界面性质。NiCrBSi／TiC、NiCrBSi／TiN激光重熔层中稀释区与熔覆区界面TiC和TiN相的形成，遵循化学反应的基本规律，即电负性原则。     

激光熔覆Mo2C-Co基合金的工艺参数对其组织的影响

利用10kW的CO2激光器在409L铁素体不锈钢表面激光熔覆w(Mo2C)=20%的Mo2C/Co基涂层,运用SEM、EDS、XRD及显微硬度仪观察和分析激光功率和扫描速度对熔覆层成型性、尺寸、组织及性能的影响.结果表明:激光熔覆合理的工艺参数为:P=3.6kW,v=8mm/s;钴基熔覆层组织由平面晶、柱状晶、树枝晶构成,熔覆层中物相主要为Mo2C颗粒、亚共晶γ-Co和共晶碳化物Cr23C6、Cr7C3;由于Mo2C颗粒加入,凝固组织的晶粒尺寸减小、晶粒细化,涂层的显微硬度从870HV提高至1 400HV.     

Ti—TiC激光熔覆层的形成及其表征

为分析激光熔覆法制备TiC／Ti复合材料显微形貌的成因,对功率密度为21．2kW／cm^2、扫描速度15mm／s的CO2激光作用下的Ti-6A1—4V合金表面进行了Ti＋TiC激光熔覆实验,并对其熔覆层温度波动进行了分析。采用XRD、SEM对Ti-4-TiC熔覆层进行表征,并测定熔覆层的显微维氏硬度。分析表明：用激光熔覆制备TiC／Ti复合材料时,熔覆层在数毫秒内熔化,并以约10^4℃／s速率初始冷却。熔覆层的维氏硬度高达10．8GPa,Ti填充杂乱的TiC枝晶间。熔覆层与基体具有良好的冶金结合,且热影响区厚度与经验计算值相近。     

20Cr13钢表面激光熔覆铁/镍基合金熔覆层的组织与性能研究

针对提高20Cr13不锈钢的表面性能,采用激光熔覆技术在基体表面制备M2铁基和Ni60A镍基合金熔覆层;通过使用光学显微镜、显微硬度计以及电化学工作站对两种熔覆层进行金相组织、显微硬度和电化学腐蚀性能差异性研究;结果表明:铁基、镍基熔覆层与基体结合界面均有明显的白亮带,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷;铁基涂层微观组织主要由等轴晶和胞状晶组成,镍基涂层微观组织主要由和树枝晶组成;铁基涂层的显微硬度为541.7 HV,镍基涂层的显微硬度为592.3 HV,约为基体显微硬度(220.7 HV)的2～3倍;铁基、镍基涂层均与20Cr13钢基体表面形成了较好的冶金结合,二者表面硬度均有了有显著提升,在熔覆区采用Ni60A镍基材料时的显微硬度要比采用M2铁基材料时的显微硬度高,而在热影响区部位两者显微硬度相差不大;铁基涂层的自腐蚀电位(-0.21 V)略高于镍基涂层的自腐蚀电位(-0.23 V),铁基涂层的耐腐蚀性优于镍基涂层。     

钢表面激光熔覆铁/镍基合金熔覆层的组织与性能研究

针对提高20Cr13不锈钢的表面性能,采用激光熔覆技术在基体表面制备M2铁基和Ni60A镍基合金熔覆层;通过使用光学显微镜、显微硬度计以及电化学工作站对两种熔覆层进行金相组织、显微硬度和电化学腐蚀性能差异性研究;结果表明:铁基、镍基熔覆层与基体结合界面均有明显的白亮带,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷;铁基涂层微观组织主要由等轴晶和胞状晶组成,镍基涂层微观组织主要由和树枝晶组成;铁基涂层的显微硬度为5417 HV,镍基涂层的显微硬度为5923 HV,约为基体显微硬度（2207 HV）的2~3倍;铁基、镍基涂层均与20Cr13钢基体表面形成了较好的冶金结合,二者表面硬度均有了有显著提升,在熔覆区采用Ni60A镍基材料时的显微硬度要比采用M2铁基材料时的显微硬度高,而在热影响区部位两者显微硬度相差不大;铁基涂层的自腐蚀电位（-021 V）略高于镍基涂层的自腐蚀电位（-023 V）,铁基涂层的耐腐蚀性优于镍基涂层。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.