冲击电流作用下氧化锌压敏电阻极性效应分析

为了能够精确测量MOV（氧化锌压敏电阻）的静态参数,利用HAEFELY PSURGE 30.2冲击波形模块在8/20 μs冲击电流下分别对MOV样品进行正负极性冲击,测量冲击后MOV的静态参数并描绘出压敏电压的变化曲线以及小电流区的伏安特性曲线。根据MOV内部双肖特基势垒模型,结合离子迁移理论,提出了MOV在冲击电流作用后同样存在极性效应,并且在负向测量时伏安特性曲线蜕变较严重;在正负极性交替冲击下,极性效应逐渐消失,但伏安特性曲线同样存在蜕变;在不同极性冲击下的压敏电压呈先上升后下降的趋势。这为今后精确地表征MOV蜕变程度提供了新的方法。     

基于PSPICE的MOV全电流仿真模型的建立

MOV(Metal Oxide Varistors)被广泛应用在低压配电系统的后续雷击防护中,MOV的应用特性已被广泛研究。但为了便于设计,常常需要借助仿真手段来进行初步研究来对MOV进行选型,因此MOV的建模便成了重要的一方面。基于PSPICE,考虑了MOV在小电流区的伏安特性和快速脉冲作用下响应特性,并转化成电路模型,给出了MOV在全电流下的模型,并利用8/20μs冲击电流发生回路和上升时间为2ns的方波回路进行实测,仿真验证了模型的可行性。这对工程设计有一定的应用价值。     

基于电子电路仿真软件(PSPICE)的MOV全电流仿真模型的建立

MOV(metal oxide varistors)被广泛应用在低压配电系统的后续雷击防护中,MOV的应用特性已被广泛研究。但为了便于设计,常常需要借助仿真手段进行初步研究来对MOV进行选型;因此MOV的建模便成了重要的一方面。基于PSPICE,考虑了MOV在小电流区的伏安特性和快速脉冲作用下响应特性,并转化成电路模型,给出了MOV在全电流下的模型;并利用8/20μs冲击电流发生回路和上升时间为2 ns的方波回路进行实测。仿真验证了模型的可行性。这对工程设计有一定的应用价值。     

冲击电流作用下碳纤维复合材料的导电特性

针对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)在航空航天领域应用时的雷电损伤机理以及无损检测的问题,建立了CFRP非破坏性冲击动态伏安特性测试平台,对碳纤维复合材料的动态伏安特性的测量方法进行了研究。通过对流经CFRP上动态电流以及两端动态电压的测试,研究CFRP在非破坏脉冲电流作用下的动态伏安特性。研究发现:冲击电流的幅值、波形以及测量电极均会对CFRP的动态伏安特性产生比较明显的影响。随着冲击电流幅值的增加,CFRP的动态伏安特性曲线在电流上升阶段出现明显的向上偏移;在电流下降阶段,其所对应的动态伏安特性曲线会向下偏移直至趋于重合。当施加在CFRP上的冲击电流的持续时间变长时,明显看出CFRP的动态伏安特性上升阶段和下降阶段所包围的区域逐渐减小。当测量电极尺寸增加时,流过CFRP上的动态电流幅值增大了15%,其动态伏安特性曲线会逐渐向下移动,且随着冲击电流幅值增加,不同测量电极所对应的伏安特性曲线逐渐接近。研究结果为碳纤维复合材料在雷电直接作用时其导电行为以及损坏机理的研究提供了一定的实验基础与理论依据,为碳纤维复合材料的无损检测提供了新的实验思路。     

非破坏雷电流A分量作用下碳纤维复合材料的动态特性

建立了碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)雷电冲击特性的实验平台,通过实验验证和对CFRP等效电路模型的分析,提出了采用两电极测试系统,通过检测流经CFRP层合板的脉冲电流和其两端的动态电压,研究了CFRP动态特性的测试方法,分析了在雷电流A分量作用下CFRP的动态特性。实验结果表明:在峰值时间为30.2μs、半峰值时间为72.2μs的非破坏雷电流A分量冲击作用下,碳纤维复合材料具有较强的导通能力,并且随着脉冲电流强度从5A增加至100A,其电阻由20Ω减小至2Ω左右,即具有显著的非线性;CFRP试品两端的电压先于电流达到峰值,材料整体显示出一定的电感效应。利用建立的CFRP层合板的等效电路模型,对CFRP在雷电流冲击下表现出的动态电阻非线性、电感特性、高导电微碳纳米管(MCNT)夹层对材料动态伏安特性的影响等现象进行了合理的解释。研究结果为CFRP的电气特性、树脂热降解、温度场分布以及热失重等研究提供了必要的理论支撑,同时为CFRP在航空航天领域的广泛应用奠定了坚实的基础。     

基于不锈钢阳极的TIG电弧压力特性

以不锈钢作阳极,采用静态小孔法测量TIG电弧压力.结合电弧阳极电流密度分布、伏安特性和弧长电压特性曲线分析不锈钢TIG焊的电弧压力特性.与水冷铜作阳极时的电弧压力对比,结果表明:在相同条件下不锈钢作阳极时电弧压力的分布服从高斯分布,分布半宽值较大,电弧压力峰值较低并随着电弧电流的增大、弧长的减小而增大;2种阳极条件下电弧压力峰值的差值随电流增大而增大,随弧长增大无明显变化.     

静电放电参数低重复特性分析

静电放电发生时,由于气体压强、空气湿度、电极表面状况、环境温度等因素的影响,相关放电参数(击穿电压、电流、电场、磁场、峰值、弧长、上升斜率等)具有低重复特性。我们通过相关放电参数的处理来研究带电体和受电体之间间隙的电性质。从理论上和实验上深入研究放电间隙电性质的低重复特性,对于充分认识和把握静电放电的本质,对于静电放电危害的防护,有十分重要的理论意义和实际意义。通过改变静电放电发生器实验环境温度来获得相应的固定间隙放电情况下电流峰值的差异。试图从理论上对静电放电条件下所获得电流峰值的低重复特性加以初步的分析讨论。     

雷电冲击电压下油纸绝缘气隙模型的局部放电测量与分析

介绍了冲击电压下油纸绝缘气隙局部放电的机理与过程,构建了油纸绝缘气隙模型,设计了冲击电压下油纸绝缘气隙局部放电的测量系统,采用ORIGIN数值分析软件进行局部放电脉冲的分析与处理,并分析了冲击电压下局部放电主脉冲及波尾多次脉冲的波形特征,探讨了雷电冲击电压下油纸绝缘气隙模型的局部放电起始电压和平均放电重复率等参数性质.试验结果表明:油纸绝缘气隙模型在雷电冲击电压下的局部放电脉冲分为波头时间的主放电脉冲和波尾时间的多次低幅值脉冲,冲击电压的等效频率很高,在测量信号中存在一个幅值很高的由容性电流引起的电压信号叠加在局部放电信号之上,要进行滤波处理;冲击电压波形的随机性与局部放电信号的随机性导致冲击电压下的局部放电信号分散性很大,需要采用统计的方法进行分析.这些试验结论为油纸绝缘类电力设备绝缘状态评估奠定了基础.     

金属氧化物非线性电阻的小电流特性研究

研究了金属氧化物非线性电阻(MOV)在不同波形电压作用下之小电流特性,得出其一般规律,给以理论上的解释,并提出了等值电路.     

空气介质阻挡放电振动温度时间行为

在1.01×105Pa下测量了针-针电极空气介质阻挡放电振动温度的时间行为.实验发现在单个放电脉冲期间,振动温度不是1个恒定值,而是随时间呈现先增大再减小的变化趋势.且振动温度峰值时刻较放电电流峰值约滞后33 ns.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the