三维湍流流动计算在混流式转轮水力设计中的应用

根据实际工程的需要,对需在某具体水力参数下工作的水轮机转轮通过CFD的手段进行了转轮水力模型的设计与开发.设计过程中,基于RANS方程,采用标准k-ε湍流模型和有限体积法,对转轮内部的流动状态在某具体水力参数(含特征工况点)下,进行了全三维粘性流动的数值模拟;依据各工况下的模拟结果和分析其流态与流场分布情况的基础上,对初始设计出的模型转轮的翼型和叶片几何形状、尺寸做了进一步修正、改进;经性能预估验证,得到了水力性能良好的新的混流式转轮水力模型.文中采用结构和非结构化网格相结合的划分方法,不仅可行,而且还提高了网格质量和计算精度;用叶片正背面压力差表示叶片上压力分布的变化规律,可以更清晰地反映出叶片的作功情况.     

基于PRO/E的水力透平转轮实体建模的新方法

利用水力机械二元理论方法设计出一种低比转速混流式水力透平.鉴于采用其他三维造型方法给超低比转速混流式水力透平复杂的转轮叶片三维造型带来的较大误差,基于PRO/E 4.0的曲面处理能力,从叶片木模图提供的数据资料出发,将水平截面图中截线的前缘点与部分后缘点往外移动,采用读入点数据文件的方法建立叶片型面的空间样条曲线模型.为了实现实体模型的精确性,采用合并曲面的方法对叶片上冠、下环及进水边进行修型,构建出更精准的叶片空间型面,克服了以往利用木模图的二维线条直接生成转轮叶片而出现的不正常凹凸现象.利用该几何建模方法可以更进一步提高转轮内部流场数值计算、性能预测以及数控加工的准确性.     

用代数应力紊流模型预估水轮机转轮内部三维流场

以三峡水轮机组转轮内部流动研究为背景,基于雷诺时均方程和代数应力紊流模型,采用贴体坐标和交错网络系统,用ＳＩＭＰＬＥＣ算法对一比转速为２４０的混流式水轮机模型转轮内部三维紊流进行了数值模拟,得出了设计工况的流场特性,并初步分析了转轮的汽蚀和能量特性。结果表明,研制的程序可作为水轮机组转轮内部流场分析、数值试验和性能预估的工具。计算结果可为改进和优化转轮设计提供有益的参考资料。     

多级能量回收水力透平导叶的优化设计

为了提高多级能量回收水力透平的效率,对已有的(DCSGT250-175X9)多级能量回收水力透平模型的流道式导叶进行优化设计.通过对设计的流道式正导叶的压力和速度分布的分析,获悉影响正导叶压力和速度分布的关键因素是其翼型工作面出口段的圆弧半径,由此设计了圆弧半径分别为138、135、134mm的3种方案.通过对这3种正导叶方案的多级能量回收水力透平进行全流道三维湍流的定常数值模拟,分别得到其正导叶的压力和速度分布.经分析、比较可见,正导叶工作面出口段圆弧半径为134mm时的设计方案更符合该多级能量回收水力透平流态和流场分布的要求.据此,再按该透平设计流量要求,优化流道式导叶的外径,并依据数值模拟与性能预测的结果,设计出符合要求且性能较优的多级能量回收水力透平的导叶.导叶优化后的多级能量回收水力透平模型的最高计算效率提高了1.1%,平均效率提高了3.4%.     

叶片式水力机械水力设计模型研究

对叶片式水力机械的水力设计模型进行了深入的对比研究。结果表明：考虑来流有旋、叶片有限厚及叶片力作用的准三维和全三维设计模型与实际流动更为接近，设计的转轮叶片能够满足设计者给定的设计参数，提高了水力设计的可靠度，是水力设计的理想模型。     

海洋温差能发电透平设计及性能影响

 通过对海洋温差能发电向心透平气动部分进行设计,对其气动性能及喷嘴的影响进行模拟研究。采用经验参数和遗传算法对其进行一维参数设计,并通过三维造型得到透平气动模型。采用计算流体动力学（CFD）技术对透平的三维流场和性能进行了数值模拟。结果表明,在设计工况下透平的气动效率达到86.5%。在此基础上,对设计工况下的喷嘴-叶轮径向间隙和喷嘴叶片安装角进行分析,得到喷嘴-叶轮相对径向间隙为0.04左右,可变喷嘴安装角约为37°时,透平的效率最高。因此,在设计工况下,可通过对喷嘴-叶轮径向间隙和喷嘴安装角进行微调来得到更高的透平效率;在非设计工况下,可采用可调喷嘴来适应不同工况下的流动,使得透平在不同工况下均有较好的工作性能。     

三峡转轮内部流动的全三维欧拉解

水力机械内部流动非常复杂,是强三维流动,只有用三维数值方法计算才能获得比较满意的结果。本文对水轮机转轮内高度复杂的流动进行了三维无粘数值计算。计算建立在三维Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程基础上,速度场和压力场的求解方法为速度、压力修正算法即ＳＩＭＰＬＥＣ算法,并且对固壁条件的给出提出了一种新的方法。最后对一真实的模型转轮进行了计算     

基于CFD灯泡混流式水轮机转轮水力设计的研究

将混流式水轮机的转轮应用于灯泡式机组中,介绍了这种灯泡混流式水轮机的基本原理,并采用CFD软件辅助进行了流网划分、流线绘制、轴面速度的计算及其曲线的绘制.在模拟内部流场的基础上,对90米水头段的转轮进行了水力设计与转轮型线的绘制,为水轮机转轮的水力设计提供了进一步的研究方法.     

大型泵站虹吸式出水流道三维紊流数值计算

利用RNGκε湍流模型,闭合定常不可压雷诺时均NS方程,采用有限体积法和非结构化网格,数值模拟了设计工况下某大型泵站虹吸式出水流道的内部三维流动,并分析了流道内部流态,对驼峰断面和出口断面的速度分布特性进行了定量计算.结果表明:流道的水力损失和阻力系数分别为0.204m和3.188×10-3,驼峰断面和出口断面的速度分布均匀度分别为73.9%和65.4%,实现了流道水力特性的预测,为虹吸式出水流道水力设计优化和模型试验研究提供了参考依据.     

双流道叶轮内部三维定常湍流数值模拟

对某双吸离心泵的双流道叶轮内部的定常三维湍流进行了全流道数值模拟以研究其内部流动规律。计算基于Reynolds时均Navier-Stokes方程,采用了标准k-ε湍流模型,压力速度耦合使用SIMPLE算法。计算得到了叶轮进口和水平截面的速度矢量图、叶片压力面和吸力面以及叶轮盖板的压力分布等值线图,并对其进行了分析。结果表明全流道计算可以较好地模拟双流道叶轮的内部流动,尤其是叶轮进出口的流动,并可对泵的外特性做出预估。计算结果有助于深入了解双流道叶轮内部流动机理,指导叶轮的水力设计。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme