Na_2SO_4·10H_2O复合相变储冷体系的热力学性质

目的　研究制备相变温度在 5～ 1 0℃之间的新型空调储冷材料 .方法　测定以Na2 SO4· 1 0 H2 O为主要成分的低共熔混合体系的相变温度随组成变化的关系 ,确定适宜配方 .研究抑制过冷和相分层现象的方法 .结果　由质量分数为 80 %的 Na2 SO4· 1 0 H2 O、2 %～ 8%的 KCl、5 %～ 1 0 %NH4Cl和 1 %～ 5 %( NH4) 2 SO4组成的低共熔水合盐体系的相变温度降至 9～ 1 0℃ .结论　加入无机盐 KCl,NH4Cl,( NH4) 2 SO4或 Na Cl可降低 Na2 SO4.1 0 H2 O的相变温度 .加入成核剂和增稠剂是解决过冷和相分层的有效方法 .     

除臭微生物F468发酵工艺

针对除臭微生物F468的应用,通过单因素实验和正交优化方案,研究了其发酵工艺.结果表明:F468适宜的氮源是酵母膏和硫酸铵;适宜的碳源是淀粉、葡萄糖和蔗糖,最佳pH是6.5,最佳培养温度是28℃;优化后F468种子液体培养基为1%葡萄糖 1%蔗糖,0.35%酵母膏,0.15%(NH4)2SO4,0.075%KH2PO4,0.01%NaCl,0.03%MgSO4·7H2O,0.003?SO4·7H2O,0.005?Cl2·2H2O,0.002%CuSO4·5H2O.研究结果为F468的规模化生产提供了发酵参数.     

柠檬酸三丁酯的新合成法

SO2 -4 /Zr O2 、Fe Cl3· 6H2 O、NH4 Fe(SO4 ) 2 · 1 2 H2 O三种催化剂对柠檬酸与正丁醇酯化反应的催化性能 ,结果表明 ,Fe Cl3· 6H2 O催化活性最高。通过系统地研究Fe Cl3· 6H2 O催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯的工艺条件 ,确定其适合的工艺流程为 :酸醇比 1∶1 2 .5,催化剂用量为 3% ,反应温度为 1 2 5℃ ,反应时间为 3h,这样酯化率可达 95%以上。     

蛹虫草液体发酵条件的研究

通过单因子筛选和正交试验 ,对蛹虫草发酵条件进行研究 .试验结果表明 ,蛹虫草发酵的适宜培养基组成为 :蔗糖 5 .0 % ,玉米浆 3.0 % ,酵母膏 0 .5 % ,MgSO4 ·7H2 O 0 .0 5 % ,KH2 PO40 .0 5 % ;适宜的培养条件为 :发酵初始pH 7.0 ,发酵温度 2 5℃ ,发酵周期 6d .采用优化的培养基及适宜的培养条件进行摇瓶发酵 ,干菌体产量和生长速率分别可达 4 1.1g/L和 0 .2 8g/L·h .     

采用均匀设计方法提高光合细菌菌体类胡萝卜素含量的研究

为了提高光合细菌沼泽红假单胞菌B .9菌株菌体的类胡萝卜素的含量 ,应用均匀设计的方法 ,对B .9菌株培养基组成进行了优化 ,得到的优化条件为 :丙酸钠 1.0g/L ,乙酸钠 1.1g/L ,麸皮 0 .7g/L ,(NH4 ) 2 HPO4 1.2g/L ,ZnSO4 ·7H2 O 5mg/L ,MnSO4 ·H2 O 0 .4mg/L ,MnSO4 ·7H2 O 135mg/L ,CoCl2 ·6H2 O 3mg/L ,FeCl3 ·6H2 O 10mg/L。将色素提纯后菌体色素含量比原培养基菌体色素含量提高 16 1%。     

碱性木聚糖酶产生菌的筛选及培养基成分的优化

通过集富培养、水解圈鉴定、酶活检测,从不同地点采集富含木聚糖的土样中初筛出10株木聚糖酶产生菌,选取酶活最高的Bacillus sp.No X-18菌株,进行单因素、双因素和培养基成分的综合优化试验.结果显示最佳培养基是:15%蔗糖、1%阿拉伯糖、0.37% NH4Cl、0.37%酵母膏、0.5% K2HPO4、0.02%MgSO4·7H2O,pH 80,其木聚糖酶活力可达74.21 IU/mL.     

海洋细菌1202菌株产胞外多糖的适宜条件

应用响应面法(ResponseSurfaceMethod,RSM)对海洋细菌1202菌株胞外多糖发酵培养基进行优化.结果表明,适宜的发酵培养基组成为:蔗糖4%,酵母膏0.05%,玉米浆1.5%,CaCO30.15%,KH2PO40.08%,MgSO4·7H2O0.05%,FeSO4·7H2O0.01%,NaCl0.1%,pH7.5.在装液量为50mL(500mL三角瓶),接种量5%时,于28℃摇瓶培养7d,胞外多糖的产量可达到8.3mg/mL,转化率为20.75%.     

γ-亚麻酸菌株少根根霉原生质体形成与再生

用 6mg/m L纤维素酶 + 3mg/m L蜗牛酶 + 1 mg/m L溶菌酶作为混合酶酶解 2 8℃培养 2 6h的菌丝。以含 0 .6mol/L NH4Cl磷酸缓冲液 ( p H6.0 ) ,+ 0 .0 2 mol/L Mg SO4· 7H2 O+ 0 .4mmol/L Ca Cl2 作为渗透压稳定剂 ,酶解前以 0 .3% β-巯基乙醇处理 35 min,从少根根霉的菌丝中获得了大量的原生质体。同时对菌丝的培养时间、渗透压稳定剂、酶解系统和酶解温度等因素进行了观察 ,获得了制备原生质体的最适条件。并对该原生质体在高渗培养基上进行了再生实验     

异常毕赤酵母产生耐温酸性脂肪酶的研究

采用 Rhodamine B指示剂染料法和三丁酸甘油酯琼脂平板透明圈法 ,从 2 3 7份土壤样品中分离得到一株酵母菌 1 0 1 3号 ,能较稳定地产生耐温酸性的脂肪酶 .该菌株经中国科学院微生物研究所鉴定为异常毕赤酵母 ( Pichia anomala) .其产酶培养基组成 ( % ) :豆饼粉 2 .0 ,麦麸 1 .0 ,NH4 NO3 0 .4 ,KH2 PO4 0 .3 ,Mg SO4 · 7H2 O 0 .2 5,豆油 1 .0 .产酶最佳条件 :发酵起始 p H 5.8,温度 2 8℃ ,周期 3 6h.酶最适作用温度4 8℃ ,最适 p H 4 .8.在 p H 4 .8,50℃条件下 4 0 min能保持 60 %以上酶活 .Mg2 + 和 Na+ 对酶有激活作用 ,Zn2 + 、Fe2 + 、 Cu2 + 和 EDTA有抑制作用 .     

支链淀粉酶产生菌的筛选及发酵条件的研究

从淀粉加工厂附近的土壤中分离出一株产耐热、嗜碱性支链淀粉酶的菌株 ,初步鉴定为嗜碱芽孢杆菌 SX- 12 .优化后的最佳发酵培养基为 :可溶性淀粉 3.0 g,蛋白胨 1.0 g,酵母膏 0 .5 g,K2 HPO4 0 .2 g,Mg SO4 · 7H2 O 0 .0 5 g,最适 p H 8.5 ,最适温度 4 0℃ .酶活从最初的 2 .4 u/ m L提高到 4 .6 2 u/ m L .酶的最适 p H 9.0 ,最适温度 5 5℃ .Ca2 + ,Mn2 + ,Mg2 + 等离子是酶的激活剂 ,Zn2 + ,Hg2 + 等离子是抑制剂 .     

Standard molar enthalpy of formation of morin studied by rotating-bomb combustion calorimetry

Flavonols are plant pigments that are ubiquitous in nature. Morin and other related plant flavonols have come into recent prominence because of their usefulness as anticancer, anti-tumor, anti-AIDS, and other important therapeutic activities of significant potency and low systemic toxicity. The heat of combustion of morin (molecular formula, C₁₅H₁₀O₇·H₂O) in oxygen was measured by a rotating-bomb type combustion calorimeter, the standard molar enthalpy of combustion of morin at T = 298.15 K was determined to be Δ_c H _m^⦵ (C₁₅H₁₀O₇·H₂O, s) = −(5 937.99 ± 2.99) kJ · mol⁻¹. The derived standard molar enthalpy of the formation of morin in solid powder state at T = 298.15 K, Δ_f H _m^⦵ (C₁₅H₁₀O₇·H₂O, s), was −(1 682.12 ± 3.58) kJ · mol⁻¹, which provide an accurate data of the stability of morin to the pharmacy and pharmacology. Biography: HOU Hanna(1956–), female, Visiting researcher, Associate professor of Hubei University of Education, research direction: thermochemistry.     

Preparation and kinetics of the thermal decomposition of nanosized CuC2O4−ZnC2O4·2H2O

The physical mixture of nanosized CuC₂O₄−ZnC₂O₄·2H₂O, as precursors of CuO−ZnO, have been prepared by the one-step solid state reaction method at room temperature. The thermal decomposition processes taking place in the solid state oxalate mixture of nanometer CuC₂O₄−ZnC₂O₄·2H₂O have been studied in static air using TG, DSC, XRD and TEM techniques. TEM showed that the grain size of the decomposition product is 5–15 nm. The values of the activation energyE _α were determined using the isoconversional procedure of KAS method and the Ozawa method. The most possible mechanism functionf(α) of the thermal decompositions of nanosized CuC₂O₄−ZnC₂O₄·2H₂O are defined using the comparative method, function models of the decomposition of CuC₂O₄ and ZnC₂O₄ follow the same mechanism function “Avrami-Erofeev equation”. The pre-exponential factorA is obtained on the basis ofE _α andf(α), thus the thermal analysis kinetic triplet of the decompositions of nanosized CuC₂O₄−ZnC₂O₄·2H₂O are determined. Foundation item: Supported by the key Natural Science Fund of Deparartment of Science and Technology of Hubei Province (2001ABA099). Biography: CHEN Donghua(1946-), male, Professor, research direction: material synthesize and thermal, analysis kinetics.     

Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of binuclear manganese complex [(bipy)2Mn2(μ-O)(μ-Ac)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2

Binuclear manganese complex [(bipy)₂Mn₂(μ-O)(μ-Ac)₂(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₂ was synthesized by the reaction of MnAc₃ · 2H₂O with 2,2′-bipyridine in the HAc-NaAc buffer (pH = 4.0). X-ray diffraction result for the single crystal shows that the crystal is monoclinic, space group C₂/C, with a = 3.408 2(7),b = 0.864 4(2),c = 2.174 9(4) nm, β= 105.2∘, V=6.186(2) nm³, Z= 8. There are two very strong peaks of UV-Vis spectrum in the range of 400–600 nm, which are similar to those of Mn catalase and Mn ribonuleotide reductase extracted from organisms. Cyclic voltammogram shows that the complex in CH₃CN undergoes quasi-reversible one-electron reduction and oxidation at E_1/2=1.15V.     

The v-v energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited states (II)

The vibrational energy transfer from highly vibrationally excited CO to H₂O molecules is studied by time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy (TR FTIR). Following the 193 nm laser photolysis of CHBr₃ and O₂ the secondary reactions generate CO(v). The infrared emission of CO(v → v−1) is detected by TR FTIR. The excitation of H₂O molecules is not observed. By the method of the spectral simulation and the differential technique, 8 rate constants for CO(v)/H₂O system are obtained: (1.7 ±0.1), (3.4 ±0.2), (6.2 ±0.4), (8.0 ±1.0), (9.0 ±2.0), (12 ±3), (16 ±4) and (18 ±7) (10¹³cm³ · molecule^-1· s^-1). At least two reasons lead to the efficient energy transfer. One is the contributions of the rotational energy to the vibational energy defect and the other is the result of the complex collision. With the SSH andab initio calculations, the quenching mechanism of CO(v) by H₂O is suggested.     

微波辐射下苯氧乙酸锌、甘氨酸锌的固相合成及表征

研究了乙酸锌与苯氧乙酸,甘氨酸在微波辐射及这曙条件下的固－固相配位化学反应,通过固相反应一步合成了苯氧乙酸锌和甘氨酸锌。经电导率,ＩＲ,ＵＶ及元素分析表征了产物。     

Syntheses and lyotropic liquid crystal properties of a series of sandwich-type tungstoarsenates heteropoly compounds with As/W ratio of 4/30

A series of sandwich-type tungstoarsenates heteropoly compounds with As/W ratio of 4/30, Na16[As4W30M4(H2O)2O112]·XH2O (M = Zn,Cu,Co,Ni,Mn and Cd), have been synthesized for the first time and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 183W NMR spectra. The crystal structure of Na16[As4W30Cu4(H2O)2O112]·63H2O was determined to be a triclinic system, of P1 symmetry, a = 1.2721(3) nm, b = 2.451 6(5) nm, c = 2.6450(5) nm, α= 89.90(3)°,β= 77.32(3)°, γ= 89.96(3)°, 2=2. Using tetrahepty lammonium bromide as a phase transfer reagent, [As4W30Cu4(H2O)2O112]16- was transferred from aqueous solution to organic phase (benzene), and the heteropolyanion lost the coordination water molecules to form the coordination-unsaturated ion. After lactic acid was added to the benzene solution, the coordination-saturation was recovered. By esterification reaction between lactic acid and cholesterin, the latter was attached to the heteropolyanion indirectly. Therefore, a new type of lyotropic liquid crystal was obtained, which was characterized by a polarimicroscope, DSC and variable temperature wide-angle X-ray diffraction.     

Study on screening and cultivation conditions of xylanase-producing alkalophilic bacterial

Xylanisthemajorcomponentofplantcellwallsandthemostabundantpentosaninnature.Xylancontainsβ 1,4 linkedd xylosebackboneswitharabinose,4 O methyl d glucuronicacid,andaceticacidsubstituents[1 ] .Thexylan degradingen zymesincludeendoxylanase(1,4 β d xylanxylanohydrolase;EC3.2 .1.8)and β xylosidase (1,4 β d xylanxylanohydrolase;EC 3.2 .1.37) .xylanasedegradesthexylanbackboneintoxylo bioseandxylooligosaccharides,whileβ xylosidasereleasesxylosylresiduesfromthenonreducingendsofxylooligosaccha…     

Investigation of the cross-reaction mechanism of C<Subscript>6</Subscript>H<Subscript>5</Subscript>F-HNO<Subscript>2</Subscript> aqueous solution irradiated at 355 nm by transient absorbance spectrum technique

The transient absorption spectrum technique was employed to investigate the cross-reaction mechanism of C6H5F-HNO2 aqueous solution irradiated at 355 nm. The characteristic and the kinetic parameters of transient species were also detected. Hydroxyl radical derived from the photolysis of HNO2 was added to monofluorobenzene with a second-order rate constant of （5.83±0.17）×10^9 L·mol^-1·s^-1 to form an adduct, C6H5F…OH, which was able to react with HNO2 as the main reaction pathway with a rate constant of （8.3±0.1）×10^7 L·mol^-1·s^-1. The C6F6…OH adduct can also be decayed by elimination of H2O to yield monofluorophenyl radical C6H4F-. By GC-MS technique, the final products were identified to be monofluorophenol, nitro-monofluorobenzene, nitro-monofluorophenol and para-fluorobiphenyl.     

Synthesis and pervaporation performance of high-reproducibility silicalite-1 membranes

High-reproducibility silicalite-1 membranes were synthesized on silica tubes by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis, and the relative standard deviation （R.S.D.） of average separation factor for eight membranes was only 7.5%. By using an effective method called ＂solution-filling （SF）＂, the average flux of membranes prepared with SF method was improved by about 49% compared to membranes prepared without SF method, and the highest flux of membrane prepared with SF method towards ethanol/H2O mixture at 80℃ was 1.49 kg/（m^2·h）. Pervaporation experiments showed that the fluxes of silicalite-1 membranes at 60℃ were 2.63, 0.87, 0.24, and 0.20 kg/（m^2·h） towards methanol/H2O, ethanol/H=O, 2-propanol/H2O, and 1-propanol/H2O mixtures, respectively, and the corresponding separation factors were 22, 69, 81, and 159, respectively.     

Crystallization kinetics of sea-salt aerosols studied by high-speed photography

Morphological changes with decreasing relative humidity(RH) of supersaturated sea-salt aerosol droplets on a quartz substrate were observed using a high-speed video-camera.Stable gypsum(CaSO4·2H2O) or the metastable hemihydrate(CaSO4·0.5H2O) were precipitated as the RH decreased.The dynamic process of crystal growth under steady-state humidity was studied by controlling the RH;the metastable hemihydrate was precipitated at 70.5%-77.1% RH,and the apparent crystal growth rate was between 1.42 and 2.33 μm3/s.Stable gypsum was formed at 80.7%-82.2% RH,and the apparent crystal growth rate was between 0.70 and 0.81 μm3/s.