超前小导管注浆预加固穿越隧道断层破碎带效果分析

为系统分析超前小导管注浆预加固技术在隧道断层破碎带的加固效果,以采用超前小导管注浆预加固技术的某隧道断层破碎带加固工程为背景,利用超前地质预报雷达影像分析超前小导管注浆加固后岩体的破碎程度;通过现场取芯、试验得出加固后岩体的BQ值,并对比勘察阶段的BQ值,以此表征超前小导管注浆预加固技术对围岩等级的影响;采用时间-体积法对加固后的渗水量进行测算;利用徕卡TS09plus-2R500设站并观测加固后隧道洞内外位移。基于以上方法和技术对穿越断层破碎带超前地质预报结果、岩性、渗水量、洞内外沉降监测数据等4方面进行分析,结果表明：采用超前小导管注浆加固方法,虽然可以在可控范围内穿越断层破碎带,但超前小导管注浆不能改善洞深范围内围岩体的破碎程度,其止水效果较差;初始开挖时引起的变形是穿越隧道断层破碎带的主要形变,应提前完成初期支护。     

工作面过地质构造带注浆加固技术

根据许疃煤矿7_2 314工作面里段有张庙台背斜、向斜之间破碎带的地质特征及临近工作面未能有效控制破碎带顶板大面积冒顶的教训,制定了破碎顶板预注浆加固方案及回采期间的顶板加强管理方案,有效地保证了工作面在破碎带顶板条件下的回采效率,为条件类似工作面的安全高效回采提供了参考。     

综采工作面过断层超前深孔注浆技术应用研究

分析了块裂结构块体滑落破坏和碎裂结构散体漏冒破坏的注浆加固机理,并结合张集煤矿1413(3)工作面的地质及开采条件,提出了预防断层破碎带顶板垮落的超前深孔注浆加固技术,分析了注浆加固材料的力学性能、注浆加固工艺及加固参数。现场实践表明,超前深孔注浆技术具有较好的技术经济效果。     

马丽散在控制综采面顶板的应用

本文着重介绍了应用新型聚亚胶脂——马丽散对青磁窑煤矿13504综采工作面顶板进行注浆加固有效地控制了顶板破碎带,大大提高了顶板的整体承载能力和稳定性,尤其是在超前加固顶板方面更显著,为综采工作面快速推进和生产高效提供了有力保障。     

大采高综采工作面过破碎带顶帮注浆加固技术

大采高综采为国内新兴的一项厚煤层综合机械化开采工艺,其主要优点是产能高、用人少。用大采高综采的矿井,极易实现高产高效的矿井建设目的。该工艺的局限性在于应对破碎顶板条件的能力差。8102工作面是在2类-Ⅱ型顶板下首次采用4.5米大采高综采工艺,在回采过程中遇到一宽约50米的破碎带,工作面频繁发生片帮,顶板维护非常困难。为保证首采工作面顺利推进,对工作面破碎带的顶帮进行了注浆加固技术并取得了良好的效果。利用化学浆对大采高工作面顶帮进行注浆加固,改善了煤壁与顶板的力学性质,为大采高工作面安全顺利回采提供了有利的条件,为矿井高产高效提供了一项实用技术。     

断层破碎区煤岩体失稳机制与注浆耦合控制研究

以清水营煤矿复杂煤层工作面穿越断层区域的工程应用为背景,分析了断层区开采扰动诱发断层活化机制及控灾减灾模式,确定了内部注浆耦合控制方法,改善了煤岩体自承载能力,提高支护结构与煤岩体相互作用和适应能力,实现了安全开采。本论文对复杂煤岩体开采扰动下安全开采提供了理论依据,为今后宁东矿区和全国类似条件煤炭能源安全高效开发提供了理论与工程借鉴。     

地面预注浆技术在朱集主井井筒基岩破碎带的应用

淮南矿业集团朱集矿主井在掘进过程中遇到基岩破碎带,该破碎带在距地表400～442 m的位置。由于破碎带厚度大且含水丰富,采用地面预注浆加固破碎带岩体,使用分支孔对注浆孔进行施工;根据注浆深度、段高的划分、注浆压力等确定注浆量。在地面预注浆施工技术应用后,朱集矿主井破碎带堵水率达到99.2%,起到了很好的加固堵水效果。     

浅谈断层区域开采技术

本文主要从技术角度论述了大断层附近开采防治方法，在遇到顶板破碎、地包夹石时，采取加强支护、预爆实施顺利开采；在断层区顶板压力较大时，采取爆破卸压、单位支护保证安全开采，并对爆破方法及应对工作面漏顶做了介绍，通过两个工作面的运行实施，摸索出了更加具体、更具操作性的开采经验，非常值得学习和推广。     

千米深井破碎顶板控制关键技术

采用"双端封堵测漏装置"探测了上行卸压开采时上覆岩层运动破坏的范围和裂隙扩展程度,同时采用RFPA数值分析软件对先行开采4层煤后对2层煤的卸压效果进行了预测;在此基础上综合考察了上位煤层的工作面顶板所处的应力环境和围岩稳定性;论述了采用上行卸压开采降低上位煤层工作面顶板应力的可行性;分析了2层煤条件下采用轻型综采支架的可行性并进行了支架选型;提出了工作面无矸石快速通过断层的新技术。上述技术方案的实施,彻底解决了深井破碎顶板的控制问题,实现了破碎顶板条件下工作面的安全、高效生产。     

综采工作面破碎顶板预注浆加固技术研究

云驾岭矿通过对12114工作面破碎顶板范围采用新型高水材料注浆加固,良好地固结了破碎的顶板,解决了回采工作面受顶板破碎煤矸石影响而制约工作面回采推进的问题,同时保证了回采期间的安全生产。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.