大倾角多区段开采顶板运移及其采空区充填规律实验研究

为了研究大倾角煤层多区段开采围岩运移规律,采用物理相似模拟实验方法,分析了大倾角煤层多区段采场顶板和煤柱变形破坏规律、底板应力分布及演化规律、垮落矸石充填特征等。结果表明:大倾角煤层多区段开采围岩运移规律不同于单区段开采,下区段采动导致上区段采场倾向中、上部垮落顶板出现二次下沉和滑移,顶板运移曲线呈现沿倾斜方向"上大下小"的双峰特点,垮落顶板非均匀充填导致采空区底板应力沿倾向呈现出中部下部上部,下区段采动导致上区段采空区中部底板应力显著增加。下区段开采致使区段煤柱上、下两侧非对称受载并发生破坏,引发了煤柱-上区段采场煤岩体的连锁运动;区段煤柱支承压力从上区段开采时的"W"型分布变为下区段开采时的"V"型分布,增载系数达到4.9.研究可为大倾角煤层多区段围岩控制提供了理论指导。     

大倾角近距离煤层开采覆岩运移及顶板破坏特征

大倾角近距离煤层采场的矿压显现规律较大倾角单一煤层长壁采场更为复杂,需进行深入的研究。以2130煤矿4#煤和5#煤近距离大倾角煤层开采为背景,采用物理相似材料模拟实验、数值计算、理论分析和现场试验相结合的研究方法,系统研究了大倾角近距离煤层采场的覆岩运移及顶板破坏特征。结果表明,大倾角近距离煤层的连续开采,影响采场的覆岩垮落规律、围岩应力分布、顶底板变形破坏特征;近距离煤层两工作面不同的位置关系导致下煤层工作面顶板形成不同的力学结构、发生不同的变形破坏及位移,影响下层煤开采的矿压显现; 25221工作面的基本顶岩梁首先于上端处发生破断,并在之后的运移中于中部再次发生破断,影响了工作面支架载荷与稳定性,使工作面支架呈现出倾斜中部受载较大、下部次之、上部最小和中下部支架受载稳定、中上部受载多变的非对称特征。研究结果可为大倾角近距离煤层开采提供理论依据,并为2130煤矿的后续开采提供参考。     

亚急斜煤层采空场覆岩变形破坏数值与相似模拟

依据煤层倾角及开采后顶板破坏特征及其影响不同,将倾角在45～60°的煤层称为亚急斜煤层,其开采过程中顶板影响相对显著。文中针对乌鲁木齐矿区,通过相似材料与数值模拟试验,对亚急斜水平分段放顶煤开采过程中采空场覆岩变形破坏特征进行了试验研究。研究结果表明:亚急斜煤层开采过程中采空场覆岩变形破坏主要沿煤层法向方向发展;基本顶(老顶)岩层破坏后并没有直接垮落,而是有可能形成一定的结构体——铰接岩块结构;关键层位结构体的回转失稳是造成大范围覆岩剧烈活动的根本原因;岩层结构的存在,特别是关键层位结构体的存在,使得覆岩大范围垮落对工作面的影响程度大大降低了,支架可以保持良好的运转,有助于工作面的安全高效生产。     

浅埋近距煤层采空区覆岩移动规律相似模拟

浅埋近距煤层采空区坚硬顶板覆岩与煤柱破坏易导致动力灾害,同时会影响顶板涌水溃沙和地表沉降,为确保此类矿井的安全高效开采,结合冯家塔煤矿1402综采工作面实际,对该煤矿进行了煤柱破坏与覆岩移动规律的物理相似材料实验模拟研究,试验是以1-1采区的开采为模拟对象,模拟在工作面长度为270 m的单一走向长壁开采后,上覆岩层的移动和变形规律。研究结果表明:随着浅埋近距煤层采空区的增大与时间的推移,开采时大面积来压是由于保护煤柱逐渐被压垮引起覆岩大面积冒落,致使近距煤层之间采空区导通,垮落从直接顶开始,逐步扩散至地表,上覆岩层的运移以垂直为主,水平运移并不明显,形成梯形状下沉,上部煤层开采后其覆岩关键层破断块体结构的稳定性是影响下部煤层开采时工作面矿压显现强烈程度的重要因素。     

急倾斜煤层不同覆岩结构导水裂隙演化规律

基于龙湖煤矿南二采区急倾斜煤层的赋存和水文地质条件,采用离散元数值计算方法,分析了覆岩结构组合对急倾斜煤层开采导水裂隙演化规律的影响。结果表明:急倾斜煤层采场上覆岩层无关键层及覆岩结构组合为隔水-结构关键层时,导水裂隙分布呈"耳型"特征;采场上覆岩层存在结构关键层,直接顶为坚硬岩层和软弱的隔水关键层时,导水裂隙以平行于层面的离层裂隙为主;急倾斜煤层开采不同覆岩结构组合,导水裂隙发育高度均随煤层采厚的增加呈增大趋势,裂采比呈降低趋势。现场依据导水裂隙分布特征,设计了合理的防水煤柱尺寸和矸石充填注浆胶结顶板控制技术,确保了水体下急倾斜煤层的安全回采。     

采空区覆岩失稳引发冲击性灾害机理

为了研究造成大面积顶板向采空区快速运动形成气体灾害的原因。通过采用对综放采场覆岩结构形成条件的分析和研究。提出了综放采场覆岩大、小结构的概念,分析了综放采场覆岩结构失稳的几种形式,对覆岩结构失稳引发冲击性灾害的机理进行了探讨,采场覆岩大结构的瞬时失稳是造成大面积顶板向采空区快速运动形成气体灾害的根本原因。该结论可以作为开采期间的地压控制和采空区回采结束后的安全封闭设计的依据和参考。     

多次动压下近距离煤层群覆岩破坏规律研究

应用不连续变形分析(DDA)方法模拟分析了邻近工作面开采和本工作面开采对上覆岩层及留设小煤柱的变形影响规律,再现了上覆岩层、留设煤柱及巷道的变形破坏过程,获得了小煤柱巷道在多次动压影响下的变形量、应力分布和破坏范围.随着开采的推进.工作面的上方会形成半椭圆形的应力场,由此可预测采空区上覆岩层的离层及关键层的形成.当下煤层开采通过邻近上煤层所留设煤柱对应位置时,留设煤柱所承受的载荷最大,在回采过程中可产生很大的应力释放,导致上覆岩层有大范围的离层,并由此引发地表大面积沉陷.此时要注意防范诸如冲击地压及地表沉陷地质灾害事故的发生.     

急倾斜煤层覆岩破断和裂隙演化的采厚效应

为了确保水体下急倾斜煤层的安全回采,基于龙湖煤矿南二采区急倾斜煤层的水文工程地质条件,采用相似材料物理模拟实验,分析了急倾斜煤层覆岩破断和裂隙演化的采厚效应.结果表明:急倾斜煤层开采顶板坚硬上覆岩层存在关键层时,顶板岩梁以层状破断为主,初次破断均形成“复合破断”;急倾斜煤层开采顶板岩梁初次破断后,覆岩裂隙向关键层及其上方岩层发育,不同采厚导水裂隙分布均呈“耳型”分布;随着急倾斜煤层采厚的增大,急倾斜煤层初次破断步距呈降低趋势,覆岩裂隙发育高度和初次破断厚度呈增大趋势.     

急斜煤层浅部矿震机理及防治

为了防治急斜煤层浅部综放开采出现的矿震灾害及深刻理解其机理,采用物理相似模拟实验进行了研究。研究结果表明,急斜煤层浅部矿震机理为单个煤柱失效后,进而引起采场煤柱连锁失稳,最终导致巨厚覆岩大面积垮落,产生矿震,其本质是空间结构失稳造成,由此提出"空间结构破坏型矿震"观点;结合生产实际,提出控制此类矿震的关键在于控制综放段上覆浮矸厚度,留设足够厚度的隔离煤柱和提前预爆破顶板的防治措施。     

不同煤层倾角条件下区段煤柱应力分布数值模拟研究

针对平煤集团十三矿煤层倾角变化大,回采巷道支护困难等问题,通过岩石力学参数测试分别模拟煤层埋深300m、500m、800m和倾角0°、25°、30°情况下区段工作面侧向压力分布规律和区段煤柱受力情况,并对12020区段运输平巷（下巷）实体煤侧的应力及围岩变形监测、。研究结果表明：随煤层倾角增大下区段运输巷与上区段回风巷两侧应力承非对称分布,采场顶板应力分布也是高度不均匀、不对称的,侧向水平应力峰值随煤层倾角增大而增大,且工作面后方增加幅大于工作面前方;峰值位置随煤层倾角增大而逐渐靠近煤壁。煤层倾角加大时,应力明显偏向下区段运输巷,使得下区段运输巷顶部出现明显应力集中,随着煤层倾角的增大,这种差异有扩大的趋势。数值分析结果和现场抽采参数分析结果基本吻合,对区段煤柱优化和巷道安全支护具有重要意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to