Experimental study on the in-plane thermal conductivity of Au nanofilms

The in-plane thermal conductivity of Au nanofilms with thickness of 23 nm, which are fabricated by the electron beam-physical vapor deposition method and a suspension technology, is experimentally measured at 80-300 K by a one-dimensional steady-state electrical heating method. Strong size effects are found on the measured nanofilm thermal conductivity. The Au nanofilm in-plane thermal conductivity is much less than that of the bulk material. With the increasing temperature, the nanofilm thermal conductivity increases. This is opposite to the temperature dependence of the bulk property. The Lorenz number of the Au nanofilms is about three times larger than the bulk value and decreases with the increasing temperature, which indicates the invalidity of the Wiedemann-Franz law for metallic nanofilms.     

An atomic level study on the out-of-plane thermal conductivity of polycrystalline argon nanofilm

At present, there have been few direct molecular dynamics simulations on the thermal conductivity of polycrystalline nanofilms. In this paper, we generate polycrystalline argon nanofilms with random grain shape using the three-dimensional Voronoi tessellation method. We calculate the out-of-plane thermal conductivity of a polycrystalline argon nanofilm at different temperatures and film thicknesses by the Muller-Plathe method. The results indicate that the polycrystalline thermal conductivity is lower than that of the bulk single crystal and the single-crystal nanofilm of argon. This can be attributed to the phonon mean-free-path limit imposed by the average grain size as well as the grain boundary thermal resistance due to the existence many grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials. Also, the out-of-plane thermal conductivity of the polycrystalline argon nanofilm is insensitive to temperature and film thickness, and is mainly dominated by the grain size, which is quite different from the case of single-crystal nanofilms.     

Au纳米耦合结构表面等离激元的EELS分析

应用透射电子显微镜中电子能量损失谱仪(TEM-EELS),对电子束激发的单晶Au纳米线耦合结构及单晶/多晶纳米薄膜的表面等离激元(SPs)特征进行分析.结果表明:直径约为10 nm的两单晶Au纳米线平行耦合时,单根纳米线和耦合结构中均存在位于2.4 eV 的SPs共振,耦合结构中SPs的纵模数增加;单晶及多晶Au纳米薄膜在1.4 eV附近存在SPs模式,相较于单晶薄膜,多晶Au纳米薄膜的SPs共振峰位出现明显红移.     

Non-Fourier heat conduction study for steady states in metallic nanofilms

As a fundamental theory of heat transfer, Fourier’s law is valid for most traditional conditions. Research interest in non-Fourier heat conditions is mainly focused on heat wave phenomena in non-steady states. Recently, the thermomass theory posited that, for steady states, non-Fourier heat conduction behavior could also be observed under ultra-high heat flux conditions at low ambient temperatures. Significantly, this is due to thermomass inertia. We report on heat conduction in metallic nanofilms from large currents at low temperatures; heat fluxes of more than 1×1010 W m 2 were used. The measured average temperature of the nanofilm is larger than that based on Fourier’s law, with temperature differences increasing as heat flux increased and ambient temperature decreased. Experimental results for different film samples at different ambient temperatures reveal that non-Fourier behavior exists in metallic nanofilms in agreement with predictions from thermomass theory.     

松散煤体导热系数测定实验

根据非稳态传热的一般原理设计了测定松散煤体导热系数的实验装置并给出了计算方法，对导热系数的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明，随着粉煤粒径、填充密度及煤中含水量的增大，导热系数表现出升高的趋势，并利用3阶多项式曲线拟合了导热系数和平均粒径之间的关系。     

纳米铜单晶拉伸力学性能的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟了绝对零度时三种不同边界条件下纳米铜单晶的拉伸力学性能。计算结果发现：不同边界约束对钢单晶的内在原子运动和整体力学行为有明显影响;纳米杆、纳米薄膜良好的延性主要来源于位错运动;铜单晶块体的破坏源于内部孔洞的发展,破坏时延性较差;此外,纳米杆、纳米薄膜存在较大的表面张力。     

放电等离子烧结制备碳化硅块材及其高温导热性能研究

通过放电等离子烧结制备了碳化硅块材,分析了烧结温度、保温时间等对碳化硅块材的密度、物相组成、微观形貌和硬度的影响,并对其高温导热性能进行了测试.结果表明,当烧结温度为1800℃,保温时间为5min时,通过放电等离子烧结能够获得致密度为98%的碳化硅块材.与传统热压烧结相比,放电等离子烧结制备的碳化硅块材的热导率略低,其主要原因是放电等离子烧结的保温时间较短与烧结样品的致密度略低,且晶界结合性较差所导致.     

氯化钙/膨胀石墨混合吸附剂导热性能测试

为改善吸附剂的导热特性,制备了一种新型的混合吸附剂,并通过平行热线法对7种不同的吸附剂样品,包括颗粒状氯化钙、粉末状氯化钙、散状氯化钙/膨胀石墨混合吸附剂以及固化氯化钙/膨胀石墨混合吸附剂等,进行了导热系数测量.实验结果表明:由氯化钙/膨胀石墨组成的散状混合吸附剂,其导热系数比纯粉末状氯化钙提高了22.5%;固化氯化钙与膨胀石墨混合吸附剂比纯粉末状氯化钙吸附剂导热系数提高了23倍以上.     

超薄氩膜热传导的分子动力学模拟

采用基于经典理论的平衡态分子动力学(EMD))方法，在无量子化修正的条件下，计算了固态氩(Ar)在低于其Debye温度(92K)下的导热系数．温度在20K以上时，模拟结果和实验值吻合较好，说明固态Ar的量子化效应对其热传导性能影响不大，温度低于20K时，由于模拟区域对长波声子的裁剪作用使得模拟结果比实验值低．在此基础上，使用经典分子动力学基于三向、两向周期性边界条件的各向异性非平衡态薄膜模型，模拟了超薄Ar膜在40K的导热系数，2种模型给出了具有相同变化趋势的薄膜热传导特性曲线，即：随着膜厚的增加，导热系数增大，且模拟结果同模拟区域横截面大小无关．在相同条件下，2种模型得到的氩膜导热系数相差10％左右．     

介孔二氧化硅球形孔内近场辐射换热

介孔二氧化硅基材内含不连续且均匀分布的球形孔。由于孔径小于热辐射特征波长,近场辐射作用不容忽视。本文基于涨落耗散理论和并矢格林函数,计算介孔二氧化硅球形孔内的近场辐射换热,由此得到的近场辐射的当量导热系数,将进一步用来修正介孔二氧化硅的有效导热系数。采用稀介质孔隙率加权模型耦合球形孔内近场辐射当量导热系数、孔内受限气体导热系数及介孔二氧化硅基材导热系数,得到介孔二氧化硅的有效导热系数,并进一步考察了孔径和温度的影响。研究结果表明,在介观尺度下,其辐射热流比宏观尺度下要高2~7个数量级。球形孔内近场辐射的热流及当量导热系数随着孔径的增加呈指数衰减,随着温度的升高而增大。介孔二氧化硅的有效导热系数随着孔隙率的增加逐渐减小,随着温度的升高缓慢增加。孔径越小,近场辐射的作用越显著,不容忽视。当孔径大于50 nm时,尺寸效应逐渐消失。     

冻土导热系数试验方法对比研究

采用热线法和热流计法分别对粉质黏土的冻土试样和融土试样进行了导热系数的测定.两种试验结果均反映出导热系数随含水率增大而增大,随干密度增大而增大的变化规律.通过回归分析得出导热系数受含水率的影响明显大于干密度的影响.将两种试验方法所得结果进行比较,并进行差异显著性检验.两种试验方法中,热线法所得导热系数更大,而试验方法的不同对导热系数的数值影响十分显著.在实际工程中进行温度场模拟和热工计算时,需要选择适当的试验方法获取数据,以避免分析结果严重偏离实际.     

稀土纳米膜的制备及摩擦学性能

在单晶硅和玻璃基片上用自组装的方法制备了稀土纳米膜,利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、接触角测量仪等测试手段对制备的薄膜进行了表征;并用自行研制的滑动往复式微摩擦测试系统测试了其摩擦特性.研究结果表明,在玻璃和单晶硅基片表面都成功地组装上了稀土自组装薄膜,未经表面改性的单晶硅和玻璃基片的摩擦系数分别为0.80和0.79,在其表面制备稀土纳米膜后的摩擦系数分别降低至0.16和0.11,同时耐磨性及摩擦稳定性都得到显著提高,显示了稀土纳米膜在微机构表面改性的潜在应用前景.     

Thermal conductivity of nanoscale thin nickel films

The inhomogeneous non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) scheme is applied to model phonon heat conduction in thin nickel films. The electronic contribution to the thermal conductivity of the film is deduced from the electrical conductivity through the use of the Wiedemann-Franz law. At the average temperature of T=300 K, which is lower than the Debye temperature ΘD=450 K, the results show that in a film thickness range of about 1?11 nm, the calculated cross-plane thermal conductivity decreases almost linearly with the decreasing film thickness, exhibiting a remarkable reduction compared with the bulk value. The electrical and thermal conductivities are anisotropic in thin nickel films for the thickness under about 10 nm. The phonon mean free path is estimated and the size effect on the thermal conductivity is attributed to the reduction of the phonon mean free path according to the kinetic theory.     

液体混合物热导率的测量及其数据的关联

在恒温条件下，使用由程序控制的量热器测量液体混合物的热导率．这种方法不仅可测低热导率的有机溶液，而且可测高热导率的水溶液．实验中测了八个双元体系，五个三元体系．同时提出了一个计算液体混合物热导率的方法．     

Nonclassical crystallization of zinc carbonate hydroxide hydrate nanofilm mediated by calcium ions

To satisfy the demand of zinc oxide (ZnO) with advanced muti-functional properties, significant efforts have been made in synthesizing ZnO with various structure and morphology. In particular, hydrothermal method has attracted considerable attentions, in which Zn₄CO₃(OH)₆·H₂O (ZCHH) is commonly found as a metastable precursor. However, the formation and crystallization mechanisms of ZCHH are still lacking and urgently needed. In the present study, the crystallization pathway of ZCHH was systematically investigated, and the results demonstrate that the amorphous zinc carbonate (AZC) was an even more unstable precursor. AZC nanoparticles typically aggregated to form one-dimensional (1D) ZCHH nanorods, however, two-dimensional (2D) ZCHH nanofilms were obtained in the presence of a certain concentration of calcium ion. The results suggest that calcium ions could promote the partial dissolution of AZC and facilitate the aggregation of AZC nanoparticles to form crystalline nanofilm. Moreover, 2D ZnO nanofilms could be obtained by heat treatment of the ZCHH nanofilms. The calcium ion mediated nonclassical crystallization pathway provides inspiration for fabrication of ZnO with controlled morphology and offers new opportunities for inorganic regulated material synthesis.     

中俄原油管道沿线冻土热学性质试验研究

导热系数是冻土热学性质中一项重要物理指标,它反映了土体传递温度的能力,是管道温度场以及下覆冻土融化圈的重要影响因素。导热系数的测量方法有很多,但不同试验方法对同一种土所测得的结果却存在较大差异。本文分别采用热线法、热流计法和比较法对中俄原油管道沿线的冻土原状样与扰动样进行了导热系数的测定,并对试验结果进行了回归分析。通过对比不同试验方法、不同土质类别等因素对导热系数的影响,分析对中俄原油管道工程沿线不同类型的管道地基土所采用的每种测量方法的适用范围。试验结果表明：对于同一种土,热线法的导热系数试验结果最大,热流计法的试验结果最小,而原状土样的试验结果则大于扰动土样的试验结果。可见,对细粒土扰动样的导热系数测量宜采用热线法,对细粒土原状样的导热系数测量宜采用比较法;而粗粒土由于受含泥量的影响,对扰动样的导热系数测量宜采用热流计法,对原状样的导热系数测量宜采用比较法。     

人工冻土温度场模型试验及冻土导热系数反分析

掌握人工冻土温度场的相关物理力学性质对冻结法施工意义重大,导热系数是计算人工冻土温度场的关键参数。采用人工冻土冻结试验平台进行人工冻土温度场试验,在模型土体的不同深度、不同平面位置布置热电耦测量温度的实时发展规律。通过数值法模拟人工冻土冻结温度场模型试验,对比分析不同点温度监测值和模拟值的关系,再以反分析方法为基础,利用最小二乘法准则将数值计算得到的测温点计算温度与实测温度进行对比分析,然后在准则函数计算范围内,用数值逼近原理,得到最优导热系数。最后,将最优导热系数的模拟温度和实测温度进行对比,验证得到的等效导热系数具有准确性。     

氩晶体导热性质的低维效应

为研究维数降低对材料导热性质的影响规律,采用非平衡分子动力学方法研究了60~120K氩晶体体材料和理想一维及二维低维结构材料的导热性质。计算得到氩晶体低维材料的热导率明显高于体材料的值,这不同于常规意义上由于界面等因素对载热粒子的散射作用而导致材料热导率减小的尺寸效应。氩晶体理想二维材料较之体材料的热导率有成倍的提高,而理想一维材料较之体材料热导率的增加可达到数十至数百倍。研究还表明低维材料导热性质的低维效应在较高的温度条件下更为显著。     

四氢呋喃水合物热物性非原位测量方法研究

利用HotDisk热常数分析仪对THF水合物导热系数和热扩散系数进行了非原位测量。实验结果表明,温度在254.0~267.0 K时非原位测得的THF水合物导热系数为0.52~0.57 W.m-1.K-1,且随着温度的增加而线性增大,非原位测量的导热系数值与原位测量的导热系数值绝对值相差0.045~0.065 W.m-1.K-1,误差为8%~12%。当温度从267.0 K升高到277.0 K时,非原位测得的THF水合物的导热系数增加剧烈,表现出非线性关系。在254.0~267.0 K时,非原位测得的THF水合物的热扩散系为0.26~0.31 mm2.s-1,并随温度增加而减小。非原位测量的热扩散系数值与原位测量的热扩散系数绝对值相差0.028~0.068 mm2.s-1,误差为10%~22%。原位测量与非原位测量产生的误差,分析认为可能是样品的转移过程中,空气中的水蒸气在水合物表面凝结成冰所致。     

基于Neumann展开Monte-Carlo有限元法的混凝土施工期温度场分析

利用Neumann展开Monte-Carlo随机有限元法,对混凝土绝热温升、大气热交换系数、热传导系数、大气温度等参数同时具有随机性的大体积混凝土施工期温度场问题进行了分析,由计算结果可知,影响浇筑过程最高温度的主要因素是绝热温升和大气温度。