人类终极能源梦——太阳光分解水制氢研究进展

 利用太阳光分解水制备氢气,从太阳照射能量中直接获得大功率的动力能源,被认为是人类能源的终极梦想.本文介绍了太阳光催化分解水制氢的原理,阐述了光解水对光催化材料的热力学和动力学要求.重点从新型光催化材料研发、共催化复合体系构筑、纳米形貌调控、器件化设计等4个方面综述了近年来国内外光解水制氢关键材料和技术的研究进展.结合实际应用,对制氢体系中牺牲剂应用、模拟自然光合作用、光解海水、光催化剂稳定性等方面的研究进行了分析.展望了未来太阳光催化分解水制氢技术的发展方向.     

基于可再生能源的分布式多目标供能系统(二)

提出了两种以氢为能量载体的基于可再生能源的多目标分布式供能系统的新构思，分别利用太阳光直接分解水制氢及太阳能高温集热（或高温燃料电池排气余热）分解生物质和水制氢，并与高温燃料电池，微型燃气轮机以及后续的供热，制冷，调湿等子系统共同构成高效，无污染的可以供氢，供电，供热，供轴功的多联产综合供能系统，简要分析了可再生能源高效低成本制氢的有关理论与技术，报道了本室光催化分解水制氢与超临界水生物催化气化制氢研究的最新进展。     

石墨烯及其复合材料光催化制氢研究新进展

随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,环境污染与能源短缺问题日益严重,亟待解决.氢气作为一种清洁能源,由于其能量密度高,运输储存方便且产物不会造成环境污染,成为了公认的化石能源的良好替代品.通过光催化降解水,可以实现氢能源的无污染生产,这项技术正受到各国学者的高度关注.石墨烯在能量储存、液晶器件、电子器件、生物材料、传感材料和催化剂载体等领域都展现出了优良性能,尤其是其复合材料可作为光催化降解水的催化剂,具有十分广阔的应用前景,综述了近年来在光催化制氢领域的重要研究进展,并对光催化制氢的未来发展进行了展望.     

高温煅烧硫化镉光解水制氢

沉淀法制备的硫化镉经不同温度煅烧处理获得不同相的硫化镉光催化剂,采用X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射光谱表征催化剂的结构和性质.以制备的硫化镉粉体作为光催化剂,在存在空穴牺牲剂的条件下进行光解水制氢实验,研究了硫化镉晶体的相组成、牺牲剂种类和助催化剂的担载量对其光解水活性的影响.结果表明,400℃下焙烧的硫化镉具有最好的催化活性,乳酸作为牺牲剂更有利于硫化镉光解水制氢,助催化剂(铂)的担载量为0.1%时,硫化镉具有最高的光催化活性.     

太阳能光催化分解水研究进展

 以太阳能光-化学转化中最为重要的反应-光催化分解水为核心，从光催化分解水的原理、半导体捕光材料、光生电荷分离策略、双助催化剂、Z机制分解水体系以及太阳能分解水制氢途径等方面，介绍了光催化分解水制氢的最新研究进展，并展望了其未来的发展趋势。     

太阳能光催化分解水研究进展

 以太阳能光-化学转化中最为重要的反应-光催化分解水为核心，从光催化分解水的原理、半导体捕光材料、光生电荷分离策略、双助催化剂、Z机制分解水体系以及太阳能分解水制氢途径等方面，介绍了光催化分解水制氢的最新研究进展，并展望了其未来的发展趋势。     

嵌入TiO2微球中的CoO八面体有效增强可见光下光催化全分解水性能研究

光催化全解水制氢是一种绿色、环保、清洁的可再生能源转换技术.为此,开发高效稳定的光催化剂一直是该领域的重要课题.通过简单的水热途径将CoO八面体涂覆在TiO2微球表面上制备了CoO/TiO2异质结光催化剂.在可见光照射下,制备的CoO/TiO2异质结在不添加任何牺牲剂或助催化剂情况下,直接光催化分解水产生H2和O2的物质的量比约为2:1.当CoO/TiO2异质结中CoO含量为3％时,光催化活性最高,H2和O2的析出速率分别为0.095μmol/h和0.045μmol/h.研究表明,CoO/TiO2异质结上光催化整体水分解活性的增强归因于CoO的引入,其不仅可以扩大TiO2的光吸收范围,还可以抑制光生电子和空穴的复合.     

NaCl引入对MoS_2光催化制氢性能的影响

利用液相反应法制备MoS_3,将其与NaCl混合,在N_2气氛下煅烧制得了纳米MoS_2,将所得MoS_2与石墨相氮化碳(CN)复合得到了复合光催化剂CN-MoS_2。进而以藻红B钠盐为敏化剂,三乙醇胺为牺牲剂,对所得催化剂的光催化制氢性能进行了测定,研究了煅烧过程中硬模板NaCl的引入对MoS_2光催化制氢性能的影响。结果表明,NaCl的引入可显著提升MoS_2的光催化制氢性能。     

太阳能建筑

太阳能--取之不尽、用之不竭的天然能源,其优点是洁净无污染,使用安全、价廉,是绿色能源中最重要的能源.当今世界能源日益短缺的形式下,可持续发展已成为建筑设计的重要指导思想.将太阳能技术应用于建筑,并与建筑一体化的新型太阳能建筑在能源、环境和经济的可持续发展进程中将起到重要的作用,以利用太阳能为主发展绿色环保型建筑将成为中国建筑业未来几年的流行趋势.     

太阳能光伏发电系统的原理及其发展

太阳能光佚发电是一种零排放的清洁能源,也是一种能够规模应用的现实能源,可用来进行独立发电和并网发电。以其转换效率高、无污染,不受地域限制、维护方便,使用寿命长等诸多优点,广泛应用于航天、通讯、军事、交通,城市建设,民用设施等诸多领域。本文对光佚发电系统的结构特点及其原理进行了详细的阐述。并针对独立光佚发电系统严重依赖于蓄电池的缺点,阐述了太阳能制氢储能一燃料电池混合发电系统的结构及其原理,并对其在我国的应用前景进行了展望。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.