基于元胞自动机和多主体相结合的交通仿真系统设计与实现

城市交通系统是典型的基于规则运行的复杂大系统,建立能描述实际交通系统一般特性的交通流模型,寻找交通流的基本规律,揭示交通拥堵产生的机理,实现人、车、路与生态环境之间的和谐统一,一直以来都是该领域的热门主题．论文基于元胞自动机和多主体技术,应用Matlab编程语言设计并实现集交通道路（舍交通规则与信号灯）、机动车以及行人于一体的交通流仿真系统．在4种交通规则下,分别考察了机动车和行人闯红灯行为对交叉路口通行质量的影响．其结果有助于揭示交通拥堵产生的内在机理,并为自动疏导交通提供参考措施．     

十字路口的交通流模型及其应用

探究了基于元胞自动机的交通流模型,以Brockfeld等人对NaSch和BML耦合模型的优化模型为基础,引入Takayasu-Takayasu慢启动规则,建立了二维元胞自动机的十字路口交通流模型,对有信号灯控制的十字路口交通流模型进行配时研究,进一步设计了高架桥模型,并通过仿真实验论证了信号灯周期时长对十字路口交通环境存在显著性影响,而高架桥模型能够有效地提高车辆平均通行速度,降低平均耗时,改善道路通行能力.     

基于元胞自动机原理的微观交通仿真模型

描述了一种对高速路上的交通流仿真和预测的模型.该模型应用了元胞自动机原理对复杂的交通行为进行建模.这种基于元胞自动机的方法是将模拟的道路量离散为均匀的格子,时间也采用离散量,并采用有限的数字集.同时,在每个时间步长,每个格子通过车辆跟新算法来变换状态,车辆根据自定义的规则确定移动格子的数量.该方法使得在计算机上进行仿真运算更为可行.同时建立了跟车模型、车道变换的超车模型,并根据流程对新建的VP算法绘出时空图.提出了一个设想:将具备自学习的神经网络和仿真系统相结合,再根据安装在高速路上的传感器所获得的统计数据,系统能对几分钟以后的交通状态进行预测.     

二维行人交通模型中转向运动对阻塞相变的影响

采用二维元胞自动机模型研究周期边界条件下正方形网格上的行人交通现象. 与Muramatsu-Nagatani的行人模型不同,提出了两个模型采用并行更新规则. 在模型I中,研究不同系统尺寸下转向运动对于相变的影响;而在模型II中,研究不同比例的两类行人运动时的相变现象. 模拟结果显示:当行人密度超过临界密度后,就会发生动力学阻塞相变,而发生相变的临界密度显著提高. 由于行人转向运动,从自由运动相到阻塞相存在一个很宽的过渡区域,在该区域内系统可能演化到两种不同的终态.     

基于多智能体和元胞自动机的微观交通仿真系统建模

按照面向对象的分析和设计原则,在需求分析的基础上,对城市交通微观仿真系统进行了模块划分,提出了基于多智能体的微观交通仿真模型.探讨了面向Agent的微观交通仿真系统建模过程,从交通流生成模型、元胞自动机模型等入手,给出了系统中各Agent的设计方案和仿真系统架构及仿真流程.     

考虑鸣笛效应的城市路段机非混合交通流模拟

针对具有机非分隔线的城市道路,自行车试图超越前方较慢车辆而越线占用机动车道的现象,采用多车道元胞自动机模型对考虑机动车鸣笛效应下的机非混合交通流进行建模与数值模拟,以衡量鸣笛对自行车越线行驶下的机动车及自行车交通特性的影响.通过仿真实验,发现在机动车中等密度条件下,鸣笛对自行车的越线行为有明显的抑制作用,进而在自行车中等密度范围内,能够提高机动车流量,增加路段输运量,而在自行车高密度条件下将降低自行车流量,进而降低路段输运量.而在机动车低密度及高密度范围内,鸣笛的作用不明显.研究发现,鸣笛效应的引入能够使机非混合交通流元胞自动机的模拟更为接近实际交通运行状况.     

基于元胞自动机的无信号人行横道处人车干扰机理研究

为了更准确地模拟行人与机动车的干扰机理,提出了基于元胞自动机的人车干扰模型。模型主要由机动车避让模型、行人过街决策模型以及运动模型组成。该模型不仅考虑了行人的主动性决策行为,还考虑了机动车的主动避让行为,重点分析了人行横道等候区域处,行人对机动车避让行为的影响。仿真结果显示,机动车旅行时间随着机动车限制速度的提高而减小,逐渐趋于平缓;机动车的饱和流量随着行人到达率的增加而降低;机动车的延误随着等候区人数的增加由线性增加逐步趋于平缓。     

高速公路意外事件所致堵塞的消散策略研究

通过建立交通意外事件影响下的交通流仿真模型,对拥堵传播及有效的干涉控制措施进行仿真.分析了非稳态交通条件下的车辆行为特性;并对现有主流元胞自动机模型规则进行改进,建立起一种新的元胞自动机交通流模型.该模型能够较好地仿真拥堵传播与消散过程,有效地探索拥堵的消散规律;利用该模型对各种控制措施的堵塞消散效率的研究结果表明,限流限速组合控制策略具有较优的堵塞消散效果.     

面向对象的有限空间内高密度人群流动元胞自动机模型研究与分析

基于面向对象技术,在已经有的元胞自动机交通流模型和行人流模型的基础上,建立一个在有限空间内高密度人群流动模型.对所提出的模型进行了计算机模拟验证.主要特点是1.面向对象思想的采用,使得大规模人群流动的元胞自动机模型具有良好的适用性,扩展性和复用性.2.根据出现高密度人群的一般情况和控制对象的需求,提出"元胞控制块"的概念,使整个模型架构具有很强的应用转化能力.     

基于时间短时尺度的城市快速路路段元胞自动机交通流速度变化概率分析

元胞自动机交通流运动是利用交通流基本参数来研究加速规则、减速规则、换道规则和车辆移动的变化规律,最重要的是利用车辆速度v来确定不同时间不同交通流条件下的车辆速度变化特性.结合国、内外有关元胞自动机交通流研究的经验和方法,通过分析在同一地点、时间尺度为1 min的交通流在t与t+1时刻的平均速度变化关系来确定基于时间短时尺度的元胞自动机城市快速路路段交通流的速度变化概率,并总结出不同条件下的加、减、匀速概率P,为研究基于时间尺度的元胞自动机城市快速路路段交通流模型提供重要的数据分析基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with