基于特征因子的排水管网地下水入渗分析方法

采用基于水质特征因子的雨污水管网化学质量平衡方程,建立了污水管网和混接污水管网的地下水入渗量定量分析方法,并据此建立了管道破损程度的评价方法.针对上海市中心城区的3个排水系统,采用总氮和硬度分别作为表征生活污水和地下水的水质特征指标,并采用不确定性分析理论,对该区域雨污水管网系统的地下水入渗量进行了解析.计算结果表明,管道破损不严重,地下水入渗量符合设计要求,管网破损程度评估结果符合预期管道状态;表明提出的基于水质特征因子的地下水入渗量的分析计算方法可行,可用于管网破损和维护判断.与德国和美国标准相比,我国排水管道地下水入渗基准值较高,表明我国管道施工和养护技术有待进一步提高.     

排污管道地下水入渗的解析模型研究

我国东南沿海地区,地下水位较高,排污管道的地下水入渗问题较为严重。而传统的入渗量评估方法如水量平衡法评估精度差,评估成本高;通过对管道破损口周围渗流场的理论分析,提出了地下水入渗量评估的解析模型方法,并给出了适用于径向破损口的二维入渗量数值模型以及适用于孔洞形破损口的三维解析模型;通过开展室内模型试验,验证了解析模型的可靠性。     

基于数值模拟的北京密怀顺地区地下水资源调蓄研究

通过收集北京密怀顺地区多水源(南水北调水源和再生水源)与当地地下水的水位、水质监测资料,建立了多水源入渗条件下地下水水流和溶质运移模型,探讨多水源补给对地下水环境的影响,并通过构建多水源入渗条件下多情景地下水调蓄模型,筛选最优方案.结果表明:2007—2016年约有4.5×108 m3再生水及南水北调水经未防渗河道自然入渗地下,使得入渗补给区地下水水位显著上升,其中南水北调受水区地下水位最高抬升为13.99m.再生水入渗使受水区地下水Cl-质量浓度升高,各再生水Cl-污染晕向中心漏斗区迁移,南水北调水源使地下水中Cl-质量浓度降低,在地下水入渗补给过程中主要起稀释作用.在情景分析中,筛选出方案Ⅳ最优,既能够增加地下水资源量,又能有效阻滞再生水入渗区的地下水Cl-高质量浓度污染晕向下游迁移.     

基于GIS的城市污水管网监测维护决策支持系统设计

城市污水管网的监测维护是城市水环境管理的重要环节,为了高效维护污水管网,将GIS技术和DSS技术应用于城市污水管网的监测和维护中,采用VB和标准ActiveX组件的形式,以Super Map Objects为开发平台,提出基于GIS的城市污水管网监测维护决策支持系统(简称PMMDSS)的构建方法,对空间系统和模型系统进行系统集成,实现污水管网监测维护的决策分析。结合四川岳池的实例研究,开发出能够完成对污水管网的健康状况进行动态监测,提供动态的可视化维护优化决策的应用系统软件,为城市污水管网系统安全运行提供空间决策支持平台。     

感潮河地区不同排水体制中污水有机物浓度的对比研究

 对受感潮河流影响珠三角某城市的不同类型污水进行了有机物浓度调查,推算出该城市污水的COD浓度约为272mg/L。不同排水体制中污水有机物浓度的比较结果表明,分流制管道中污水COD浓度（平均191mg/L）显著高于合流制管道中污水（平均137mg/L）。合流制管道中污水COD浓度随河水水位升高而降低,呈显著负相关,偏相关系数为-0.8432。分流制管道中污水COD浓度与河水水位无相关性。在感潮河流影响的地区分流制较合流制更能阻止河水进入污水管网,能保证进入污水厂的污水COD浓度稳定维持在较高水平,分流制更适宜作为该地区的排水体制,该结果为珠三角地区排水体制的选择提供了依据。     

人工干预压采条件下东风湖泉域地下水环境响应研究

为掌握我国北方典型岩溶泉域在人工干预条件下地下水的动态响应规律,以涉县东风湖泉域为研究对象,结合区内地质、水文地质、2011-2021年地下水位动态监测和地下水压采资料,在分析该地区地下水动态变化特征的基础上,运用GMS软件构建了在人工压采干预作用下的地下水流数值模拟模型,对地下水位变化趋势进行了预测。结果表明：①研究区地下水动态变化明显,具有周期性、滞后性,具体表现为4个变化阶段;②研究区内岩溶地下水整体呈现回升的状态,但是空间分布特征不同,上升区主要分布于下游地区;;③地下水类型为降水入渗-开采型,低水位期基本在5-6月,高水位期在1-2月;④在干预条件下,区内地下水位有着不同程度的回升,南部(下游)浅层水位响应特征值超过15m,中游地下水位响应特征值达到了5-10m,北部(上游)地下水位响应特征值为3-5m;上游和中游地下水位影响整体小于下游,下游水位响应尤为突出。该研究对于泉域内泉的保护以及地下水开发利用和保护具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

岳家桥镇岩溶塌陷区地下水动态监测与分析

为了探究地下水动态变化对岩溶塌陷的影响,以益阳市岳家桥地区为例,研究分析了地下水变化对浅层岩溶地表稳定性的影响.通过使用水位计、流速仪和电子水准仪对岳家桥镇岩溶塌陷区的水位、流速和地表沉降变化进行监测,并对监测数据进行统计和对比,结果表明:地下水位的增高会加剧岩溶塌陷,地下水位降低有利于岩溶地区稳定.并根据洞室埋深和监测所得的水文数据采用BP神经网络对岩溶塌陷进行预测,预测结果表明预测值能很好的拟合实际沉降数据,对于治理岳家桥地区的岩溶塌陷具有一定参考价值.     

检查井常见病害及防治

城市道路上各类管网的检查井病害给道路工程质量埋下了许多隐患，若处理不好就会引起道路铺装下沉、龟裂，破损，造成井框与路面高程差值过大等现象。本文分析了检查井病害的成因，并给出了检查井病害治理的相关方法。     

处理污水在灌溉黄土层中入渗规律的研究

在城市污水资源化工程研究中,对处理后的城市污水在农灌的黄土层中入渗的规律进行了探索,并利用土柱模拟对污水在黄土层中的进一步净化效果进行了研究.试验表明,黄土层具有较小的入渗率,有利于污染物的进一步净化,处理后的城市污水在农灌过程中不会对地下水造成影响.     

试论HDPE检查井漏水处理方法

在市政污水处理工程中,传统的污水检查井是采用砖砌或混凝土井制成,这种井在结构上虽然结实可靠,但是工期较长,成本较大。目前,在国外已经大量采用HDPE塑料检查井代替传统的砖砌井和混凝土井。特别是在中东地区和德国,HDPE塑料检查井已经得到广泛应用,其配套的检测疏通清洗和维修技术也已经成熟。在不远的将来,这种新型的材料也很可能会大量应用到我国的城市污水工程上。结合我公司在中东地区承建的阿曼马斯喀特污水工程,本文就HDPE污水检查井的修复做些介绍。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.