农耕民族文化心理的展现：先秦征战诗简论之二（上）

世界各民族的最初生存环境和生产生活方式决定着各民族独特的文化心理。周族史诗是我国上古时期诗歌，相当完整地反映着古代中国作为大陆农耕民族的文化心理特色，它与大致现时形成的、以希腊为代表的海洋商业民族心理形成鲜明的对比。     

从《诗经》语言看周代农耕文化

从文化语言学的角度，通过分析《诗经》有关词汇系统、词语的生成方式及词义系统，揭示《诗经》所蕴涵的周代农耕文化之物质层面即农业生产成就，制度层面即农业生产形式，心理层面即安土重迁、崇耕重粮、尊祖尚礼的传统和天人合一的精神。     

《诗经》中的农耕文化

《诗经》中的农耕文化表现在如下几个方面:一、关于农耕的祭祀。由《诗经》中的农耕祭祀诗,可以看出周人对于农耕的重视。二、关于农耕生活。《豳风.七月》反映了农夫一年四季的劳动生活,涉及到衣食住行各个方面。三、《诗经》中涉及的食物品种,异常丰富,有植物类,有动物类。四、关于农耕劳动的场景描绘。五、农耕生产者数量众多,农耕生产工具能满足当时的需求。六、关于恋土怀乡意识的表现。     

《诗经》的艺术范型

《诗经》的艺术范型,是《诗经》艺术手法的基元,是一个相对稳定的艺术符号系统,是先民在充满矛盾的人生中开放出来的心灵之花,是他们心灵世界的自觉表达,承载着民族的情感、精神、气质、心理等内在的东西。本文阐述《诗经》4类13种艺术范型以及对后代文学创作产生的深远影响,以期对诗词艺术手法和内部结构,对民族心灵发展史以及《诗经》的美感效应有更深刻的认识。     

格萨尔王与耶酥之人物形象研究

在东西方民族文化中,东方藏族英雄史诗《格萨尔王传》中的格萨尔与西方基督教《圣经》中的耶酥,有许多相似性,渗透着不同民族的某种共同的文化心理,显示出在一些相似的民族境遇中一些相通的民族心态,同时,这两位人物在“神性”与“人性”的比例方面又存在着明显的不同,这些不同却能映射出许多有价值的东西,而这些异同点对于研究不同民族的文化心理与民族美学思想等具有宝贵的价值和意义。     

格萨尔王与耶酥之人物形象研究

在东西方民族文化中,东方藏族英雄史诗《格萨尔王传》中的格萨尔与西方基督教《圣经》中的耶酥,有许多相似性,渗透着不同民族的某种共同的文化心理,显示出在一些相似的民族境遇中一些相通的民族心态,同时,这两位人物在“神性”与“人性”的比例方面又存在着明显的不同,这些不同却能映射出许多有价值的东西,而这些异同点对于研究不同民族的文化心理与民族美学思想等具有宝贵的价值和意义。     

小议《诗经》与《万叶集》之异同

《诗经》是中国文学、文化、诗歌的始源,也是漫长的历史与社会形态的反映,占文学主导地位的诗歌及诗风在某种程度上主导了中国文学的方向。在中国浩瀚的文学成果中,占有突出的地位,它对我国古典文学乃至整个古代文化的影响,都是很大的。日本最早的和歌总集,是成书于奈良时代的《万叶集》,人们常把它比作中国的《诗经》。它们都是本国文学发展的集大成者,是本民族文学中一朵亮丽的奇葩。这两部诗歌总集,存在着某种亲缘性,更是可以相互媲美,遥相辉映。《诗经》的发展,不仅影响了中国文化的发展,也影响了日本文化的发展。在《万叶集》中,蕴含着…     

郑风婚俗刍议

《诗经.国风》中有不少爱情诗,反映了诗经时代的婚俗,但由于时代、地域、民族的不同,各国婚俗必然也有所不同,《诗经.郑风》就是一例。该文试从多方面对郑风独特的婚俗及其形成原因作些探讨。     

由采诗活动看《诗经》的新闻性

《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集,也是有关先民生活的百科全书。两千年来,有关它的文学、史学、礼学乃至地理学研究层出不穷,但鲜有人由新闻传播学的角度来对《诗经》进行研究。如果从新闻学视角来观照《诗经》作品的采集与传播过程,就会发现先秦采诗活动和现代新闻活动间存在某些相似之处,如采诗人和乐官充当着类似记者和编辑的角色,《诗经》作品承担着反映公众舆论和传播新闻信息的社会功能等。因此,可以说,《诗经》作为一部文学作品同时也具有一定的新闻性。     

论《诗经》的经典化

《诗经》的经典化过程，是经历了从西周到汉朝一个长期的历史过程的。其中，最重要的，是诸子百家对《诗经》的推动，而最有贡献的，当数孔予。这其中一方面有《诗经》本身文学成就的原因，另一方面，是和孔子的认识经历以及他“忠、恕”的思想观念分不开的。正是有了孔子对《诗经》的推崇，《诗经》才能在汉武帝时“政教合一”，成为中华民族文化经典与民族精神的积淀。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…