表面小裂纹热锻模的疲劳寿命分析

基于材料自由表面特性并考虑微观结构非均匀性,根据金属疲劳裂纹萌生的微细观过程理论,建立材料表面塑性应变分布模型。由于局部塑性变形在萌生可分辨疲劳小裂纹的循环周次中占主导地位,本文将局部应力应变法应用于热锻模表面小裂纹扩展分析,选取表面最大塑性应变作为出现热机械疲劳裂纹的预测依据,计算的热锻模使用寿命与实践结果相吻合,能基本预测热锻模寿命。该模型为表面强化工艺能提高热锻模的疲劳强度提供了理论依据。     

基于动载荷谱的齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命预测

为了探讨齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命计算问题,将齿轮疲劳总寿命分为两个阶段,即疲劳裂纹萌生寿命和裂纹扩展寿命。通过 ADAMS 软件仿真实验齿轮的工作情况,使其接近真实状况,得到齿轮载荷谱。根据齿轮载荷谱,利用有限元ANSYS 软件分析在齿轮齿根危险截面处的最大应力。采用断裂力学、雨流法和 Miner 疲劳损伤累积模型,对考虑动载荷情况下的齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命进行预测,推导了齿根裂纹萌生期和扩展期的疲劳寿命计算公式。在高频疲劳试验机上对算例齿轮进行了双齿脉动加载齿根弯曲疲劳寿命实验研究,理论计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,验证了本文理论分析的正确性。     

基于动载荷谱的齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命预测

为了探讨齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命计算问题,将齿轮疲劳总寿命分为两个阶段,即疲劳裂纹萌生寿命和裂纹扩展寿命.通过ADAMS软件仿真实验齿轮的工作情况,使其接近真实状况,得到齿轮载荷谱.根据齿轮载荷谱,利用有限元ANSYS软件分析在齿轮齿根危险截面处的最大应力.采用断裂力学、雨流法和Miner疲劳损伤累积模型,对考虑动载荷情况下的齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命进行预测,推导了齿根裂纹萌生期和扩展期的疲劳寿命计算公式.在高频疲劳试验机上对算例齿轮进行了双齿脉动加载齿根弯曲疲劳寿命实验研究,理论计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,验证了本文理论分析的正确性.     

含缺陷涡轮盘的实际使用寿命计算方法

粉末冶金工艺流程中引入的微缺陷在循环载荷作用下易成为疲劳裂纹萌生点,导致涡轮盘实际使用寿命低于设计使用寿命从而引发灾难性事故。在目前工艺水平无法完全避免粉末冶金缺陷的情况下,为保证我国商用航空发动机能够取得适航认证并进入国际市场,发展并建立含缺陷涡轮盘的实际使用寿命计算方法是十分必要的。在有限元应力分析基础上,根据裂纹附近的周向拉伸应力计算应力强度因子;然后依据Pairs公式,采用逐次循环累加的方式逐步更新裂纹长短轴与裂纹中心坐标来模拟裂纹扩展过程,最后以临界断裂韧度为失效判据建立了含缺陷涡轮盘的实际使用寿命计算方法。以含缺陷一级涡轮盘为对象的实例分析表明,该方法能够根据超声波探伤检测结果计算出含缺陷涡轮盘在发生破裂前的实际使用寿命,以及缺陷形状、尺寸及应力强度因子随飞机起落循环数的变化曲线。使用三维有限元裂纹扩展模拟进行了校核计算,发现本文方法得出的寿命结果偏于保守(相对误差2.82%),且计算效率方面有明显优势。     

摩擦型高强螺栓单面搭接连接微动疲劳裂纹寿命研究

摩擦型高强螺栓连接件在土木工程领域应用广泛,采用10组连接件疲劳试验结合有限元分析得到了其疲劳寿命及裂纹扩展路径.由于疲劳破坏本质上是裂纹萌生和扩展的结果,故将疲劳寿命分为裂纹萌生和扩展寿命两部分.基于螺栓连接件的裂纹扩展三维有限元模型,运用Python语言实现了初始裂纹的自动扩展,获得了疲劳裂纹扩展寿命.进而,基于有限元分析和疲劳寿命试验结果对萌生寿命FFD_(max)-N_i模型中的参数进行了识别.由此发展了一种基于裂纹扩展的高强螺栓连接件疲劳寿命预测方法,据此计算的总寿命分布于两倍误差分散带内,具有较好的精度.     

抽油杆表面裂纹扩展寿命可靠性分析

在拉伸载荷的作用下,以Paris公式为基础,考虑几何修正系数f与裂纹尺寸a的内在关系,结合分段数值积分方法计算抽油杆裂纹扩展寿命,并应用Monte Carlo法计算不同类型表面裂纹扩展寿命可靠度.计算结果表明,在其他条件相同情况下,把裂纹处理为受深度比、纵横比两个参数控制的椭圆裂纹比仅受深度比控制的圆弧裂纹和直裂纹适应性更强;带有环形裂纹的抽油杆最先断裂;断裂力学中将各个参数作为确定值计算得到的临界裂纹扩展寿命不够准确,可能导致部分抽油杆还未达到临界裂纹扩展寿命就发生断裂.     

基于夹杂-细晶粒区-鱼眼疲劳失效的超长寿命预测模型

本文旨在研究夹杂-细晶粒区-鱼眼诱发疲劳失效的超长寿命预测模型.基于Cr-Ni-W合金钢疲劳试验结果,结合局部应力-寿命法和位错-能量法,分别构建了局部裂纹萌生寿命模型(LCIL)和考虑夹杂及细晶粒区影响的裂纹萌生寿命模型(IFCIL),并与Tanaka-Mura模型(T-M)进行了对比分析.其次,分别对细晶粒区内的小裂纹扩展行为和细晶粒区外鱼眼内的长裂纹扩展行为进行建模,最终形成了包含裂纹萌生和扩展在内的全寿命预测模型.结果表明,考虑夹杂及细晶粒区影响的裂纹萌生寿命模型(IFCIL)有较高的预测精度;对应细晶粒区的裂纹萌生寿命几乎等同于全寿命;裂纹扩展寿命仅占据全寿命很小的一部分;预测结果全部处于2倍偏差以内,即全寿命模型可有效地用于夹杂-细晶粒区-鱼眼诱发失效的超长寿命预测.     

油气管线裂纹型缺陷的疲劳寿命预测

利用文献数据,采用Paris公式计算和分析含轴向表面裂纹的油气输送用X60管线钢的疲劳裂纹扩展过程,通过对比含裂纹缺陷油气输送管的全尺寸实物疲劳试验结果,对所采用的基于失效评定图技术的含裂纹缺陷管道疲劳寿命预测方法的计算结果进行了间接的试验验证.结果表明,含缺陷管道的疲劳寿命数值计算结果与试验结果相吻合,采用小试样测试结果经Newman法修正后进行油气输送管道的疲劳寿命计算和分析是可行的.     

铁路钢桥节点既有腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命

为评估服役中铁路钢桥由于环境腐蚀作用产生初始裂纹后的剩余疲劳寿命,对列车行走荷载作用下铁路钢桥节点横梁处在环境腐蚀形成初始裂纹后的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行研究。以铜九(铜陵—九江)线鄱阳湖铁路钢桥为背景,基于子模型法的多尺度建模方法,运用通用有限元软件建立铁路钢桥整体壳体模型和节点横梁处含初始裂纹的精细网格划分的实体模型,获得了在列车行走荷载作用下铁路钢桥节点横梁处的精确动应力响应;基于断裂力学的四参数Forman公式对铁路钢桥在4种不同初始裂纹长度下的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行了评估与对比,并对有无环境腐蚀作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行了对比分析。结果表明:基于子模型法的壳-实体多尺度建模方法既可以满足大型复杂结构在数值计算过程中的计算效率,又能够满足评估疲劳寿命计算所需的精确动力响应要求,可以精确评估铁路钢桥腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命;铁路钢桥既有腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命主要产生在小裂纹扩展阶段,计算得到0.5mm初始裂纹扩展到10mm时需要循环484 509次,占总扩展寿命的50.2%;铁路钢桥疲劳裂纹扩展寿命受环境腐蚀的影响非常大,其比无腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命降低79%左右。研究结果可为预测疲劳裂纹发展趋势、评估铁路钢桥剩余寿命和评定结构的安全性与运营能力提供参考。     

无干涉铆接搭接结构的多裂纹扩展预测方法

建立了含有广布损伤(MSD)裂纹的无干涉铆接搭接结构三维有限元模型,求解裂纹尖端左右两侧的应力强度因子,并提出了等效应力强度因子的概念。以Paris公式为基础,结合改进的载荷循环叠加方法、塑性区连通准则,并考虑MSD裂纹扩展中的相关性,建立了等幅谱下MSD裂纹扩展预测模型。计算结果与试验结果表明,使用该方法预测的3种开裂模式下的寿命值误差均在7%以内;对搭接结构进行分析不能简化为二维模型;MSD裂纹扩展寿命与结构开裂模式有关,结构中共存的裂纹越多其裂纹扩展寿命越短。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.