磷掺杂和Ni-OH共改性不锈钢的 析氢及全分解水性能研究

高活性、低成本的高效双功能水分解电催化剂对实现可持续氢能源的有效转化和储存具有重要的意义.将不锈钢网进行盐酸腐蚀、浸泡、磷化得到一种一体化自支撑的双功能电催化剂.该催化剂在碱性介质中不论对析氢反应(Hydrogen Evolution Reaction,HER)还是析氧反应(Oxyogen Evolution Reaction,OER)均表现出优异的电催化性能,Tafel斜率分别为87.41m V·dec~(-1)和90.1 m V·dec~(-1),析氢反应和析氧反应的电流密度为10 m A·cm~(-2)时过电位分别为165 m V和240 m V.该催化剂可用作全分解水的双功能电极材料,在1.66 V的电压下实现10m A·cm~(-2)的电流密度.     

活性炭负载杂多酸(PW12/C)催化合成1,4-丁二醇双马来酸AEO2双酯

以1，4-丁二醇，马来酸酐，十二醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO2)为原料，合成了一种结构新型的化合物——1，4-丁二醇双马来酸AEO2双酯，此化合物的合成由两步酯化反应组成，酯化反应Ⅰ采用正交实验，确定最优工艺条件为：n(马来酸酐)：n(1，4-丁二醇)=2．15：1．00，反应时间1h，催化剂用量ω(乙酸钠)=1．0％．酯化反应Ⅱ采用活性炭负载杂多酸(PW12／C)为催化剂，该催化剂的最优制备条件为：m(PW12)：m(C)==4：6，回流时间4h，烘干温度150℃，烘干时间4h．酯化反应Ⅱ采用均匀实验优化工艺条件，最优工艺条件为：n(1，4-丁二醇双马来酸单酯)：n(AEO2)=1．00：2．15，反应温度150℃，反应时间14h，催化剂用量ω(PW12／C)=1．5％，对每步合成的产物结构用IR和1HNMR进行表征。     

风化煤过氧化氢氧化-加氨制腐植酸铵的研究

用过氧化氢和氨水对风化煤进行氧化-加氨,研究了氨水用量、碳铵用量、过氧化氢用量、温度、反应时间和风化煤粒度、浓度对液相产物中腐植酸铵的含量影响.结果表明,最佳配料比为m(风化煤)∶m(25%氨水)∶m(30%过氧化氢)∶m(水)=1∶1.04∶1.5:6.46;最佳反应工艺条件为:反应温度60℃,风化煤粒度小于0.149mm,反应时间60min.     

多孔介质反应扩散方程的周期解

讨论了多孔介质在非线性Neumann边界条件下的一类反应扩散方程,该类方程的反映项包括慢扩散(m1)、快扩散(0m1)和超扩散(m≤0).运用上下解方法和单调迭代技巧证明了该类方程最大和最小周期解的存在性,同时也给出了反应扩散方程在多孔介质类型中的一个应用.     

优势菌种的驯化与纯菌液相油烟降解速率

用油烟气冷凝液为碳源,驯化来自城市污水处理厂氧化沟的活性污泥,结果表明真菌增长较快并显示出优势,微生物通过分工协作降解油烟污染物.一株优势红冬胞酵母菌被分离出来进行降解液相油烟污染物的动力学试验研究,实验结果表明:在优化条件37℃、pH值范围为6.0~7.0、无机盐浓度为1.0 m g/L、磷酸氢铵浓度为5.0 m g/L、溶解氧浓度为5.4 m g/L(搅拌速度120~160 r/m in)下,优势红冬胞酵母菌降解液态油脂的动力学模型是:u=0.13s352 s(-h 1);在低油烟浓度(352 m g/L)条件下,降解反应为一级生化反应;在高油烟浓度(352 m g/L)条件下,降解反应为零级生化反应;当油烟浓度等于352 m g/L时,比降解速率是最大比降解速率K值的一半,油烟浓度处于352 m g/L附近时,是从一级降解反应到零级降解反应的过度区.     

基于Aspen Plus的甘油与生物质固定床共气化制氢工艺模拟

利用Aspen Plus软件平台,对甘油与生物质固定床共气化制氢过程进行模拟研究.考察不同反应温度、甘油与生物质的质量比(m(G)/m(B))、气化剂物质的量的比(n(H2O)/n(C))和反应压力等条件对纯甘油与生物质、粗甘油与生物质混合共气化制氢的影响.模拟结果表明:生物质与不同甘油共气化时,温度、压力、n(H2O)/n(C)和m(G)/m(B)对两种混合物制氢的影响规律基本相同,因此可用纯甘油替代粗甘油来研究气化制氢特性;同时得出其最佳气化制氢条件是反应温度800~850,℃,m(G)/m(B)为1.0~1.2,n(H2O)/n(C)为0.8~1.0,压力≤0.1,MPa,在此条件下,氢气产率为55%左右.     

三种偶联剂改性CaCO3的影响因素及效果评定

采用3种偶联剂分别对碳酸钙进行表面改性,分析改性碳酸钙活化指数的影响因素,通过SEM分析和沉降体积的测试,评定3种偶联剂的改性效果。结果表明,钛酸酯偶联剂KH101改性碳酸钙最佳反应条件为,反应温度80℃,反应时间70min,m(偶联剂)∶m(碳酸钙)为0.03,环己酮用量为碳酸钙的5倍;硅烷偶联剂KH570、KH151改性碳酸钙最佳反应条件为,反应温度70℃,反应时间70min,m(偶联剂)∶m(碳酸钙)为0.03,环己酮用量为碳酸钙的5倍。用KH151、KH570两种硅烷偶联剂改性后的碳酸钙团聚现象仍比较严重,用KH101钛酸酯偶联剂改性后的碳酸钙团聚现象得到明显改善。     

三种偶联剂改性CaCO3的影响因素及效果评定

采用3种偶联剂分别对碳酸钙进行表面改性,分析改性碳酸钙活化指数的影响因素,通过SEM分析和沉降体积的测试,评定3种偶联剂的改性效果.结果表明,钛酸酯偶联剂KH101改性碳酸钙最佳反应条件为,反应温度80℃,反应时间70 min,m(偶联剂)∶m(碳酸钙)为0.03,环己酮用量为碳酸钙的5倍;硅烷偶联剂KH570、KH151改性碳酸钙最佳反应条件为,反应温度70℃,反应时间70 min,m(偶联剂)∶m(碳酸钙)为0.03,环己酮用量为碳酸钙的5倍.用KH151、KH570两种硅烷偶联剂改性后的碳酸钙团聚现象仍比较严重,用KH101钛酸酯偶联剂改性后的碳酸钙团聚现象得到明显改善.     

锥形量热仪研究膨胀型阻燃聚丙烯的阻燃性能

分别采用原位反应增容法和直接添加阻燃剂法制备了膨胀型非卤阻燃PP,并利用锥形量热仪(CONE)系统评价了这两种方法制备的膨胀型非卤阻燃PP的阻燃性能。结果表明,膨胀型非卤阻燃PP具有优异的阻燃性能,不同制备方法对其阻燃性能有显著的影响。与直接添加法相比,采用原位反应增容法制备的膨胀型非卤阻燃PP的点燃时间(TTI)从23秒延长至27秒,最大热释放速率(pk-HRR)从298 Kw/m2降至249 Kw/m2,平均热释放速率(av-HRR)从125.4 Kw/m2降至86.5 Kw/m2,总释放热(THR)从148.6 MJ/m2降至124.5 MJ/m2,总生烟量(TSR)从372 m2/m2降至266 m2/m2,燃烧残重从27.5%增至33.9%;说明了原位反应增容技术能更有效的降低膨胀型非卤阻燃PP在火灾中的危险性。     

氰酸钠合成工艺的优化

考察氰酸钠合成工艺中溶剂种类、溶剂用量、原料物质的量之比、反应温度及反应时间对产品纯度和收率的影响,采用红外光谱确证产物的结构。在N,N-二基甲酰胺(DMF)和甲苯作溶剂下,n(碳酸钠)∶n(尿素)=1∶2.6,m(原料)∶m(DMF)∶m(甲苯)=1∶5∶1,反应温度140℃,反应时间13 h条件下,产品纯度可达98.7%,收率可达99.2%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.