HDPE土工膜温度应力及其应力松弛评价

利用弹性理论和粘弹性模型提出了温度应力和温度应力松弛的评价方法.采用拉压传感器、热电偶以及位移计研究了环境温度变化对HDPE土工膜温度应力的影响,以及HDPE土工膜温度应力伴随时间变化的规律.实验结果表明:HDPE土工膜的温度应力伴随环境温度的变化而变化,当环境温度下降时将导致HDPE土工膜收缩产生温度应力;在同一温度条件下,HDPE土工膜发生了温度应力松弛现象.运用提出的评价方法对温度应力及其应力松弛进行了评价,并与模拟试验结果进行了对比,温度应力松弛现象的解析结果与实验趋势一致.所提出的评价方法对HDPE土工膜温度应力及其松弛现象解析具有实际使用价值.     

各向异性导电胶应力松弛力学行为

对固化后的各向异性导电胶(ACF),利用动态力学分析仪进行了单频和多频温度扫描试验,确定了ACF的玻璃化转变温度,得到玻璃化转变温度与频率的关系式.在不同温度和应变下进行了应力松弛实验,实验发现:在一定(25、80、120 ℃)的温度下,随着应变值的增加,初始应力和在任一时刻的松弛应力都增加;随着温度的提高,应力松弛的松弛率在增加,并且在不同应变下的松弛曲线变得接近;当温度达到玻璃化转变温度附近时,ACF的应力松弛曲线与应变无关.并进行了湿热老化对ACF应力松弛力学行为的实验研究.     

热处理对TC4合金应力松弛行为的影响

通过应力松弛实验，研究了不同热处理状态对软合金应力松弛行为的影响。结果表明，退火状态的软合金较固熔时效态的试样应力难于松弛，但这种差异随温度的升高而减小。由实验得出的塑性应变速率与应力关系曲线均呈现两段直线，说明在应力松弛变形中存在槛应力，固熔时效态试样应力值要小于退火态。     

动态扰动对不同含水率砂岩应力松弛影响的研究

采用课题组自制的岩石松弛-扰动试验装置,研究了不同含水率砂岩的松弛过程动态扰动的影响,测试轴向应力、轴向应变的变化,观察到了砂岩试样在动态扰动后应变增加、应力降低的现象.根据试验数据,分析了松弛稳定后水对砂岩试样应力松弛量和应力松弛度的影响,基于岩石松弛扰动效应的本构方程,得到不同含水率扰动系数在2~6之间.结果表明:(1)由于水的影响作用,松弛稳定后砂岩试样的应力松弛量增加、应力松弛度增大,水对砂岩试样应力松弛衰减的影响作用增强;(2)在相同的冲击扰动能量作用下,含水率高的砂岩试样在动态扰动后应变增加和应力降低的现象更明显,扰动系数随含水率增加而增大.     

硅基铜膜应力随温度的变化及等温松驰

采用定点激光反射热循环方法，测量了硅基体上铜膜应力随温度的变化及等温松驰。结果表明，开始加热时，应力随温度的增加以－２．６２ＭＰａ／℃的速率线性减小，与弹性理论一致，压屈服强度与膜厚的倒数成正比，在各种定温度下，应力随时间均按负指数形式松驰，但应力松驰时间常数强烈地依赖于温度。     

316L奥氏体不锈钢焊接热影响区性能

为了研究 316 L 焊接热影响区性能 ,采用特定的热、应力、应变模拟控制曲线 ,对其在 2 0℃、6 0 0℃、10 0 0℃及 110 0℃几种温度下进行热模拟拉伸试验 ,获得了此种材料在多种应变速率下的应力 -应变曲线 .结果表明 ,在一定的应变速率下 ,316 L 的弹性模量 E及屈服极限 σ0 .2 都随温度升高明显降低 ;在室温及高温下 ,316 L 存在着 σ0 .2 随应变速率提高而提高的应变率效应 ,且应变率敏感性随温度升高而增加 .同时 ,还观察到 316 L在高温 (10 0 0℃和110 0℃ )塑性状态下由粘塑性引起的应力松弛现象及室温下的加工硬化现象 .     

Al_2O_3/Cu弥散强化铜合金应力松弛行为

通过应力松弛试验,研究了Al_2O_3/Cu弥散强化铜合金在不同温度(室温、100℃、200℃和300℃)下的应力松弛行为。应用二次延迟函数模型拟合了应力松弛曲线,推导了不同温度下材料塑性应变速率与应力的关系。研究结果表明:Al_2O_3/Cu弥散强化铜合金的应力松弛曲线分为两个阶段。第一阶段,残余应力迅速下降;第二阶段,残余应力缓慢下降,随着时间延长无限接近应力松弛极限,且温度越高,应力松弛极限越低。在室温和100℃时,残余应力衰减率分别为30.7%和30.3%;在200℃和300℃时,残余应力衰减率分别为92.4%和97.3%。因此,该合金材料作为弹性元件时服役温度应小于100℃。塑性应变速率与应力关系曲线可以分为高应力和低应力阶段,两个阶段之间存在门槛应力,温度越高,门槛应力越小。门槛应力不同,相应的应力松弛机制也不同,室温和100℃时为第二相颗粒增强机制;200℃和300℃时为位错攀移机制。     

沙漠砂聚苯乙烯混凝土峰前、峰后应力松弛试验研究

采用分级加载的方式,对密度为900 kg/m~3的沙漠砂聚苯乙烯(EPS)混凝土进行单轴峰前、峰后应力松弛试验,根据试验结果系统研究沙漠砂EPS混凝土的峰前、峰后应力松弛特性;对广义Kelvin模型引入损伤变量,建立沙漠砂EPS混凝土应力松弛损伤模型,并结合Levenberg-Marquardt优化算法对参数进行辨识。结果表明:沙漠砂EPS混凝土试块峰前、峰后应力松弛曲线形态相似且均由衰减松弛、稳定松弛2个部分组成,衰减松弛部分峰前相较于峰后更为明显,但从稳定松弛角度看,峰后表现更为突出;峰前试块的应力松弛量随应变的增大而增大,剩余应力比随应变的增大而减小,峰后试块的应力松弛量随应变的增大呈现递减趋势,剩余应力比随应变的增大呈现增大趋势;相较于广义Kelvin模型,广义Kelvin损伤模型可以更好地描述沙漠砂EPS混凝土的峰前、峰后应力松弛特性。     

硫化胶等温热氧老化时应力松弛和压缩永久变形性能的研究

从分数阶粘弹理论出发,利用Fox-H函数提出了描述硫化胶在热氧老化时应力松弛和压缩永久变形性能变化规律的一个二元数学模型.基于遗传算法和共轭梯度法确定最优化模型参数,利用该模型拟合了2种硫化胶的应力松弛系数和永久变形率随时间变化的数据.结果表明,该模型可以对硫化胶的应力松弛和压缩永久变形性能的老化给出很好的描述.     

聚合物物理老化的分数阶模型

基于广义分数Maxwell模型对聚醚醚酮(PEEK)和聚苯硫醚(PPS)在不同老化温度和老化时间下的应力松弛曲线进行了拟合.利用遗传算法结合共轭梯度法对模型参数进行优化.拟合结果表明,分数Maxwell模型能很好地描述应力松弛过程,分数阶(松弛指数)由材料结构决定,不同的老化温度和时间仅影响松弛时间.以松弛时间为标度,不同温度及老化时间下的应力松弛曲线能近乎完美地叠合,即时间-老化时间迭加原理和时间-温度迭加原理被自然呈现.由此也可能给出比较可靠地预测不同条件下聚合物力学性能长时行为的方法.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.