单频非差相位观测值的周跳探测与修复方法

周跳探测在高精度GPS(global positioning system)数据处理中一直都是比较重要的环节.实际数据处理中可根据具体测量模式和需求采用已有的若干经典周跳探测方法,但单频非差相位观测值的周跳探测与修复则比较困难.为此提出一种新的周跳探测方法,它是基于灰色理论对伪距和载波相位观测值构造的周跳检验量进行建模,通过模型预测检验量的阈值范围对比实测值来判断是否发生周跳.通过对实测GPS静态数据在不同采样率下分别进行周跳探测与修复算例分析,结果表明对于高采样率的非差相位观测数据能够快速和准确地修复周跳,为非差精密定位提供了较好的数据质量控制.     

一种有效的单频GPS相位模糊度解算方法

针对快速定位中GPS单频相位模糊度较难归整的问题，采用理论分析和实验验证的方法，推导了实时动态下相位平滑伪距的递推公式，给出了一些提高观测方程线性化初始值精度的思路。在分析了短时间段双差方程结构特性的基础上，提出采用迭代选权拟合法提高相位模糊度实数解精度的新方法。算例表明，该方法提高了模糊度实数解的精度和可靠性，缩小了模糊度的搜索空间，促进了模糊度解算效率和成功率，从而能促进单频GPS接收机在高精度快速定位中的应用。     

一种实时双频电离层修正方法

电离层延迟是影响GPS绝对定位的重要因素。比较常用的电离层延迟修正方法有模型方法和双频方法。模型方法和使用双频码伪距的方法精度有限。使用双频载波相位进行电离层延迟计算需要求解整周模糊度,计算复杂。本文提出了一种同时使用GPS双频码和载波观测量进行电离层误差修正的方法。使用卫星信号模拟器生成信号并用接收机实时接收,用此方法计算出电离层延迟值,并与真值进行比较,计算误差为厘米级。最后,接收真实卫星信号并计算了真实电离层延迟,并与使用Klobuchar模型方法计算出的电离层延迟进行了比较。     

An improved regularization method to resolve integer ambiguity in rapid positioning using single frequency GPS receivers

A new approach is employed in GPS rapid positioning using several-epoch single frequency phase data.Firstly, the structure characteristic of the normal matrix in GPS rapid positioning is analyzed. Then, in the light of the characteristic, based on TIKHONOV regularization theorem,a new regularizer is designed to mitigate the ill-condition of the normal matrix. The accurate float ambiguity solutions and their MSEM (Mean Squared Error Matrix) are obtained using several-epoch single frequency phase data. Combined with LAMBDA method, the new approach was used to fix the integer ambiguities correctly and quickly using MSEM instead of the cofactor matrix of the ambiguities. Finally, a baseline over 3 km is taken as an example. The fixed integer ambiguities by the new approach using five epoch single frequency phase data are the same as those fixed by Bernese software using long time data. The success rate of fixing the integer ambiguities is 100 percent using 197 group data.Compared with the traditional methods, the new approach provides better accuracy and efficiency in GPS rapid positioning. So, the new approach has an extensive application outlook in deformation monitoring, pseudokinematic relative positioning, and attitude determination, etc.     

Novel algorithms for GPS network RTK

This paper gives some new algorithms for GPS Network RTK. The whole algorithms are based on the Double-Difference (DD) using single epoch of GPSdata. So cycle-slips and loss-of-locks of GPS satelliteare avoided. And the time of Network RTK systems tart-up and positioning is shortest, only one epoch.These algorithms need no ionospheric or troposhperic correction models. The combined bias of rover station is directly estimated and corrected by observations of reference stations of network. Hence, the algorithms are no delay, and are the really and truly real-time difference and positioning. Compared with other algorithms, they can synchronously eliminate orbital bias, ionosphere delay, troposphere delay and otherbiases of positioning correlated with distance to great degree. There are little residual high order biases and measurement noise in DD observation equation of rover station after difference correction, so RTK positioning of network with the algorithms can perform wider and more equably.     

一种基于边缘计算的RTK定位方法

实时动态载波相位差分(Real-Time kinematic,RTK)定位是一种基于载波相位观测值的实时动态定位技术,通过架设基准站并将基准站数据与流动站数据进行差分解算获取流动站的精确位置,从而得到比传统GPS定位更为精确的结果。本文提出了一种基于边缘计算的实时动态载波相位差分定位方法 E-RTK(Edge Real-Time Kinematic),通过将RTK解算任务迁移至边缘设备,降低RTK移动端对硬件的算力需求,进而降低RTK定位的硬件成本。本文基于E-RTK进行了实现及测试,实验证明,该E-RTK定位在较低的硬件成本下,能够达到与传统RTK定位相当的精度,除此之外,在使用GPS+BEIDOU卫星数据进行解算定位时,相较于常见的GPS+GLONASS定位,其Fix速度具有较大提升。     

Precise GPS/GNSS positioning solution for airborne data acquisition systems

The precise positioning of aircrafts during flights belongs to the great challenges with respect to the development of airborne data acquisition systems. Satellite positioning systems like GPS offers a unique capability for precise positioning but requires in depth knowledge of GPS in airborne applications, e.g.GPS for high dynamic application, integration of GPS with other sensors, dynamic behaviour of aircrafts or antenna location. For its positioning reference system of Flight Inspection systems Aerodata AG has developed a robust GPS carrier phase ambiguity solution P-DGPS, Precise Differential GPS combined with complementary sensors like INS, barometers, radio altimeters or laser altimeters as well as laser trackers. Using recorded data during the flight the algorithm offers also the capability to calculate more accurate positions in post-processing. The presented sensor fusion algorithm using GPS without differential corrections (SGPS, standalone GPS) offers a precise height reference solution for approach calibration based only on aircraft-based sensors. SGPS data are combined in post-processing with inertial, pressure, radio and laser altimeter data. Flight trials with a Bombardier "Global Express" at Braunschweig Airport on May 2002 shows the achieved accuracies of the height reference solution calculated by SGPS in comparison to P-DGPS. The SGPS solution for precise height calculation of special mission aircrafts provides accuracies in the order of 5 m and at the runway's threshold in the order of 30 cm.     

一种动对动相对定位中平滑惯导辅助模糊度解算策略

针对基于单频载波相位的动对动相对定位中实时模糊度固定可靠性不高的问题,本文提出了一种基于DGNSS/INS紧组合的平滑惯导辅助模糊度解算策略,以提高低成本接收机高精度定位的普适性。首先,基于伪距和载波相位观测量构建动对动相对定位模型;其次,对惯性导航数据进行卡尔曼滤波处理,并利用滤波平滑后的惯导位置预测卫地距重构双差观测方程并构造惯导位置约束方程,继而获得较高精度浮点解及其协方差阵,采用LAMBDA算法进行整周模糊度固定及Ratio检验;最后,由DGNSS/INS紧组合算法对惯性误差进行反馈校正,以维持惯性高精度导航。实测数据实验结果表明,对比没有惯导辅助、有惯导辅助和经滤波平滑后的惯导辅助结果,本文采用的方法可以有效地提高模糊度浮点解精度,减小模糊度搜索空间,提升整周模糊度固定成功率,三种方法下模糊度固定成功率分别为92.3%,99.1%和99.6%,并最终实现厘米级动态相对定位。     

小波在GPS相对定位中周跳探测的仿真分析

周跳的探测和修复是GPS相对定位数据处理过程中的一个重要组成部分,修复周跳首先要探测周跳。根据小波变换对信号奇异性检测的原理,对GPS相对定位中载波相位差分观测值进行周跳的探测,并结合实验数据进行计算机仿真分析。证明小波技术探测载波相位差分观测值中的周跳效果明显,其自动化程度较高、定位准确,在实际应用中具有很好的实用价值。     

利用三差法辅助卡尔曼快速检测周跳

周跳的探测与修复是GPS高精度实时定位的关键问题。针对目前大部分方法对小周跳的探测与修复不灵敏、不适用于动态接收机的问题。首先用三差法将载波相位进行处理,减少待解的未知参量,而后用卡尔曼求解三差观测量的方差和修正数向量对周跳进行探测与修复。实测数据仿真和分析的结果表明,该方法适用于单频、高动态接收机,可以快速、准确的探测与修复周跳。     

GPS接收机中锁频环频率误锁的检测

为了解决全球定位系统(GPS)接收机中的锁频环在载波同步过程中可能出现的频率误锁问题,在分析了锁频环在噪声环境下的工作原理及产生频率误锁原因的基础上,基于有无发生频率误锁时同一信息符号对应的多个预检测积分值的变化规律,提出了一种用于频率误锁检测和快速纠正的算法。仿真结果表明:该方法能够在锁频环完成工作之后及时判决是否有误锁发生,误锁时可在1~2个导航比特时间内把载波频率调整到正确频率上。该方法实现简单,可有效消除频率误锁给信号同步时间带来的影响。     

利用双频载波双差相关性进行周跳探测

在GPS定位中,周跳探测和修复的完善程度直接影响定位结果的精度.为了有效地探测小于1 周的周跳,利用双频观测数据,根据双差观测方程的内在联系,提出了一种周跳探测方法.该方法数学模型简单,能够准确探测小于1 周的周跳,并适合于静态和动态定位,最后通过算例验证了其可行性和有效性.     

GPS差分基准站高精度基准坐标测定方法研究

为提高基准站基准坐标定位精度,针对基于接收机长时间观测进行等权平均确定基准坐标的直接测量法不足之处,提出利用载波相位平滑伪距改善伪距测量精度。并基于平滑伪距分别对最小二乘法、卡尔曼滤波、衰减记忆滤波三种定位模型进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:基于载波相位平滑伪距的衰减自适应记忆滤波定位方法能够有效提高定位精度,为差分基准站获取高精度位置坐标适用方法。     

多模式定位系统接收机中的分数频率综合器

针对单一的全球定位系统中接收性能易受环境影响的问题,提出了一个应用于3个定位系统、7种模式的多模式定位接收机中的分数频率综合器.通过改进的电流泵电流校正方法和提高谐振回路Q值等各种降低相位噪声的方法,达到了每种模式工作的稳定性和低相位噪声性能;以改进的多模分频器和3阶MASH1-1-1Σ-Δ调制器实现了7个频点的精确输出和各模式的快速锁定;在多模分频器中使用简单的电路将分频比的范围从64~79扩展到64~95.仿真结果表明,在每种模式下带内相位噪声(相对于载波的相噪声)均小于-90 dB,带外频偏1 MHz处相位噪声均小于-119 dB,杂散抑制(相对载波)均大于56.4 dB,各个模式锁定时间均小于18μs,1.8 V电源条件下的功耗为15.12 mW.     

Positioning accuracy and reliability of GALILEO, integrated GPS-GALILEO system based on single positioning model

A kind of uniform reliability index suitable for the code and phase observations is presented and used in reliability evaluation of satellite systems. Then, based on 25 stations of Crustal Movement Observation Network of China, satellite visibility, positioning availability and observation reliability of GPS, GALILEO and integrated GPSGALILEO are calculated and analyzed in detail. Simulation results reveal that the satellite visibility of GALILEO is superior to that of GPS. Given positioning accuracy, horizontal positioning availability of GALILEO is consistent with that of GPS, but its vertical positioning availability is superior to that of GPS. However, the integrated GPS-GALILEO is shown to be superior to each of the single systems in the aspects of positioning accuracy and availability. The reliability of code and phase observations based on GALILEO and integrated GPS-GALILEO system is superior to that of GPS both in spatial and temporal domains on the whole. The new reliability index presented is simple to calculate and reflects reliability differences of different satellite systems.     

基于递推最小二乘平方差的GPS精密单点定位精度研究

对传统GPS单点定位、差分GPS定位和GPS精密单点定位进行了比较。建立了GPS精密单点定位无电离层组合的数学模型。建立了递推最小二乘平差进行参数估算的数学模型,并利用该方法进行相位平滑伪距处理。分析了该方法对伪距观测误差的影响。利用bernese软件和据此编制的程序,并利用IGS跟踪站的观测数据进行了接收机三维坐标的解算。将IGS观测值坐标作为真值,解算值和真值之间的偏差作为定位误差。仿真结果表明,经过递推最小二乘伪距平滑处理后,精密单点定位的误差在北方向、东方向、高度方向上都小于0.02 m。     

单频GPS载波相位整周模糊度解算研究

介绍了一种求解单频GPS载波相位整周模糊度的改进算法.通过Tikhonov正则化,减弱GPS快速定位中少数历元情形下法矩阵的病态性,得到更接近整周模糊度准确值的浮点解.然后对整周模糊度的方差协方差阵白化滤波,减弱短时间内双差整周模糊度之间的相关性,取整后得到整周模糊度的固定解.并结合一个实例与白化滤波、Lambda方法和白化滤波 Lambda方法进行对比,验证改进方法的效果.     

基于ARM+FPGA的相位平滑伪距差分定位方法

为了满足用户更高的定位精度要求,研究了载波相位平滑伪距差分定位方法.根据差分定位原理,基于MATLAB平台自主编制了差分解算软件,兼容北斗和GPS伪距差分定位;基于ARM+FPGA平台的接收机实现了相位平滑伪距差分定位.实验结果表明,零基线条件下,相位平滑伪距差分算法定位精度可由标准定位的米级水平提高到亚米级,性能稳定.基线距离增大,定位精度随之降低,误差在±4m内,差分讯龄和定位精度成正比关系.     

Schreiber approach for GPS carrier phase ambiguity resolution

Differenced GPS carrier phase observations are usually used in GPS positioning to eliminate the various common GPS errors. A different approach is proposed in this paper where no differencing of the observations is required. In this method, the common GPS errors are modelled explicitly and eliminated by introducing the Schreiber method, which is used in traditional geodesy to eliminate the azimuth unknowns in observation equations. The paper first introduces the Schreiber method, and then discusses its application to the various GPS common-mode error models. It is shown that if only the real ambiguity solution is concerned, the estimate of the position parameters from the Schreiber approach is the same as that from the differencing approach. However, the variance of the ambiguity estimate from the Schreiber approach is smaller than that from the differencing approach. Numerical examples are given to show that the results are reliable.     

基于天牛须种群算法的整周模糊度解算算法

如何快速、准确的固定整周模糊度是载波相位测量中的一个关键问题。为了提高整周模糊度搜索速率,本文提出了一种基于天牛须种群算法(Beetle Antennae Colony Search, BACS)的整周模糊度解算算法。通过与BAS算法、BAS-Nadam算法、LAMBDA算法以及MLAMBDA算法进行解算速率、稳定性的对比实验,在三维模糊度解算时,BACS算法在与LAMBDA和MLAMBDA算法解算成功率相当的情况下,能利用更少的时间搜索到模糊度最优解。为了验证BACS算法在高维模糊度解算以及工程解算情况下是否适用,进行了高维模糊度解算的实验以及单频单GPS系统下BACS算法的应用实验。分析及实验表明,BACS算法能很好保证高维模糊度解算的实时性和鲁棒性,对于12维模糊度解算,平均解算时间0.068秒,解算成功率为92%,对于低维模糊度解算,解算速率更快,解算成功率更高。在单频单GPS系统工程解算中,x,y,z方向定位精度分别为±0.008米,±0.01米,±0.01米,能达到厘米级精度定位。